Republic of Chile

2024-10-11T14:02:21Z

2A04:4E41:1B:0:0:0:F00D:CE31: Removed extra “the”

{{Infobox country|name=Republic of Chile|native_name=República de Chile|image_flag=Flag of Chile.svg|national_motto=''Por la razón o la fuerza''|englishmotto=("By reason or by force")|anthem=''Himno Nacional de Chile'' ("National Anthem of Chile")|image_map=Chile map.png|map_width=290|largest_city=[[Santiago]]|image_coat=Coat of arms of Chile.svg|capital=[[Santiago]]|official_languages=Spanish|religion_year=2020|religion_ref=<ref name="statista">Statista (2022). ''[https://es.statista.com/grafico/28553/las-religiones-mas-comunes-en-latinoamerica/ Catolicismo y evangelismo: las dos religiones más comunes en Latinoamérica – Statista]''</ref>|religion=62.1% Christian - 52.6% Catholic - 9.5% Other Christian 37.4% None 0.5% Other|demonym=Chilean|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=Unitary presidential republic|leader_title1=President|leader_name1=[[Gabriel Boric]]|legislature=[[National Congress of Chile|National Congress]]|upper_house=[[Senate of Chile|Senate]]|lower_house=[[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]]|area_km2=756,096.3|population_census=17,574,003|population_census_year=2017|HDI_year=2021|HDI=0.855<ref name="undp-hdr-2021">UNDP Human Development Report (2021-22). ''[https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf Human Devlopment Report 2021/22 – UNDP]''</ref>|HDI_rank=42nd|date_format=dd/mm/yyyy|calling_code=+56|iso3166code=CL|cctld=.cl}}

'''Chile''', officially the '''Republic of Chile'''<ref group="a">Spanish: ''República de Chile''</ref>, is a country located in western [[South America]]. It shares a border with the [[Republic of Peru]] to the north, the [[Plurinational State of Bolivia]] to the north-east, and the [[Argentine Republic]] to the east. The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago, and the official language is Spanish.

== History ==

=== Ibáñez presidency ===
In the 1920s, most of Chile's economy was controlled by the [[United States of America|United States]]. [[Carlos Ibáñez]], who came to power in 1927, took extensive loans from the U.S. In March 1927, the [[Communist Party of Chile]] was banned.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=[[Politsturm]]|title=Chile: The Failed Socialist Revolution|date=2019-09-14|url=https://us.politsturm.com/chile-the-failed-socialist-revolution/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827120334/https://us.politsturm.com/chile-the-failed-socialist-revolution/|archive-date=2021-08-27|retrieved=2022-06-12}}</ref>

=== Allende's rise to power ===
In 1939, [[Socialism|socialist]] [[Salvador Allende]] was appointed as Minister of Health and Warfare by President [[Pedro Aguirre Cerda]]. Allende increased pensions, introduced paid maternity leave, and restricted foreign involvement in the mining industry.

Allende participated in the 1952, 1957, 1964, and 1970 presidential elections. In 1964, he lost the election to US-backed [[Christian Democratic Party (Chile)|Christian Democrat]] [[Eduardo Frei]]. In 1969, he was nominated for president by a left-wing coalition and won the election on 4 September 1970. Before he took office, [[Bourgeoisie|capitalists]] fired many [[Proletariat|workers]] or reduced their wages.<ref name=":0" />

=== Allende presidency ===
In an attempt to avoid angering the bourgeoisie, Allende promised not to restrict the church, [[freedom of speech]], or opposition parties. Allende created a [[mixed economy]] with private and state ownership. By the end of 1971, the public sector produced half of the gross national product. Industrial production grew by 13% and unemployment dropped from 8.3% to 3.8%.<ref name=":0" />

=== Pinochet dictatorship ===
On 11 September 1973, US-trained General [[Augusto Pinochet]] took power in a military coup. Rebel planes and tanks shot at the presidential palace, and Allende died.<ref name=":0" /> Pinochet gave $235 million to the [[Imperialism|imperialist]] telecommunications company [[ITT Inc.|ITT]]. In 1975, he invited [[Milton Friedman]] into the country to organize [[shock therapy]] and [[privatization]].<ref name=":12222">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=La Paz|page=147–8|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref>

In December 1983, the [[Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front]] began a campaign of sabotage and armed resistance against the Pinochet government.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Global south]]
<references />
[[Category:Countries targeted by CIA coups]]

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Republic of Chile