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Rosa Luxemburg

2025-09-20T12:19:59Z

5.77.78.196: Russian revolution

{{Infobox person|name=Rosa Luxemburg|native_name=Róża Luksemburg|image=Rosa Luxemburg.png|birth_name=Rozalia Luksenburg|birth_date=5 March 1871|birth_place=Zamość, [[Kingdom of Poland|Poland]], [[Russian Empire]]|death_date=15 January 1919 (aged 47)|death_place=[[Berlin]], [[German Reich (1918–1933)|Weimar Republic]]|death_cause=Murder|nationality=Polish-German|honorific prefix=Anti-Leninism Anti-reformism|image_alt=Anti-Leninism}}

'''Rosa Luxemburg''' (Polish: ''Róża Luksemburg''; 5 March 1871–15 January 1919) was a Polish-German [[Marxism|Marxist]] revolutionary. She was murdered by the [[Freikorps]] after the defeat of the [[Spartacist uprising]].<ref>{{News citation|author=Frank Thadeusz|date=2009-05-29|title=Berlin Hospital May Have Found Rosa Luxemburg's Corpse|url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/revolutionary-find-berlin-hospital-may-have-found-rosa-luxemburg-s-corpse-a-627626.html|newspaper=Der Spiegel|retrieved=2022-04-03}}</ref>

== Writings ==

=== Reform or Revolution ===
Reform or Revolution's initial publication was in 1898-1899. This version was titled Social Reform or Revolution. The second edition was published in 1908.<ref>{{Citation|author=Rosa Luxembourg|year=2006|title=Reform or Revolution and Other Writings|section=Bibliographical Note|publisher=Dover Publications|isbn=978-0-486-44776-6}}</ref> In Reform or Revolution, Luxemburg argued that social reform alone cannot fully change the modern social order.<ref>{{Citation|author=Rosa Luxemburg|year=1986|title=Reform or Revolution|title-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1900/reform-revolution/index.htm|chapter=Introduction|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1900/reform-revolution/intro.htm|city=London|publisher=Militant Publications|mia=https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1900/reform-revolution/index.htm|trans-lang=Sozialreform oder Revolution?}}</ref>

==Library works ==
*(1898-1899, 1908) [[Library:Reform or Revolution|Reform or Revolution]]
*(1913) [[Library:The Accumulation of Capital|The Accumulation of Capital]] [[Library:The Russian Revolution|The Russian Revolution]]
== References ==
[[Category:Communists]]
[[Category:German communists]]
[[Category:Marxists]]
[[Category:Socialists]]

Amadeo Bordiga

2025-09-20T12:11:07Z

5.77.78.196: ROLE

{{Infobox politician|name=Amadeo Bordiga|image_size=200|birth_date=13 June 1889|birth_place=Resina, [[Kingdom of Italy]]|death_date=23 July 1970|death_place=Formia, Lazio, [[Italy]]|nationality=Italian|political_orientation=[[Left communism]]|political_party=[[International Communist Party]]|image=Amadeo Bordiga.png}}

'''Amadeo Bordiga''' (13 June 1889 – 23 July 1970) was an Italian left communist Cofounder Of the Communist party of Italy With Antonio Gramsci and Bombacci. He believed that the [[Leninism|Leninist]] [[vanguard party]] and the [[Soviet (governmental body)|soviet]] system of party cells would degenerate into [[opportunism]].<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Antonio Gramsci]]|year=1925|title=Sterile and Negative Criticism|mia=https://www.marxists.org/archive/gramsci/1925/09/sterile-negative.htm}}</ref>

Bordiga's [[dogmatism]] led him to declare support for the [[axis powers]], infamously declaring:<ref>{{Web citation|author=AnythingForProximity|newspaper=Libcom|title=Bordiga, the Leninist who put his hopes in the Axis|date=2017-12-27|url=https://libcom.org/forums/history/bordiga-leninist-who-put-his-hopes-axis-27122017}}</ref>

{{LQuote|If Hitler can make yield the odious powers of England and America, while making thus precarious the capitalist world balance, long live the butcher Hitler who works in spite of himself to create the conditions of the proletarian world revolution|[https://libcom.org/forums/history/bordiga-leninist-who-put-his-hopes-axis-27122017 Libcom "Bordiga, the Leninist who put his hopes in the Axis]}}

He has also been credited as the author of the article "Auschwitz, or The Great Alibi" which is a work of [[holocaust denial]] that claims the [[Nazi Party]] did not seek to exterminate [[Jewish people]], but rather the Jewish section of the [[Petite bourgeoisie|petit bourgeoisie]]<ref>{{Web citation|author=Mitchell Abidor|title=Bordiga’s “Auschwitz, or the Great Alibi”|url=https://www.marxists.org/subject/jewish/bordiga/auschwitz.htm|retrieved=2025/08/25}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1970 deaths]]
[[Category:Italian Communist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Italian Socialist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Left communists]]

Italian Communist Party

2025-09-19T20:32:50Z

5.77.78.196: Fuasaro

{{Infobox political party|name=Italian Communist Party|native_name=Partito Comunista Italiano|logo=Italian Communist Party logo.png|founded=21 January 1921|abbreviation=PCd'I (Comunist party of italy) PCI (italian comunist party)|leader1_title=Antonio Gramsci, Antonio Gramsci (2ennaio 1926 – 1927)
Palmiro Togliatti
Ruggero Grieco
Giuseppe Berti
Palmiro Togliatti
Luigi Longo
Enrico Berlinguer
Alessandro Natta
Achille Occhetto|leader5_title=Antonio Gramsci|founders=Antonio Gramsci, Amadeo Bordiga Bombacci|dissolution=3 February 1991|newspaper=''l'Unità''(unity)|youth_wing=Federazione comunista giovanile (Communist Youth Federation)|political_orientation=[[Marxism-Leninism]] [[Revolutionary socialism]] '''Later:''' [[Eurocommunism]] [[Revisionism]] [[Reformism]]|slogan=PROLETARI DI TUTTO IL MONDO UNITEVI (WOEKED OF THE WORLD UNITE)}}The '''Italian Communist Party (PCI) originally Comunist party of Italy''' ('''PCd'I''') was a [[Marxist-Leninist]], later [[Eurocommunism|Eurocommunist]], party in [[Italy]]. It originated in a split from the [[Italian Socialist Party]] (psi) in 1921, when the pro-Comintern faction split off and formed the PCd'I.

The PCd'I eventually turned to [[revisionism]] and [[Eurocommunism]]; the party continued to exist in revisionist form until 1991, when the [[Fall of the Warsaw pact (1989-1992)|fall of the Warsaw pact]] resulted in the leadership fully capitulating to [[liberalism]].

== History ==

# During the [[Prague Spring]], the PCd'I defended [[Alexander Dubček]]'s revisionist policies and described [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]] as a defensive alliance. It later supported [[Mikhail Gorbachev|Gorbachyov]]'s rejection of [[class struggle]].<ref name=":02222">{{Citation|author=Roger Keeran, Thomas Kenny|year=2010|title=Socialism Betrayed: Behind the Collapse of the Soviet Union|chapter=Turning Point, 1987-88|page=154|pdf=https://ipfs.io/ipfs/bafykbzaceaj5ucph44bjwyhlhsbycckr3ts76zbucn2hbrea32tltcd4s5ekg?filename=Roger%20Keeran_%20Thomas%20Kenny%20-%20Socialism%20Betrayed_%20Behind%20the%20Collapse%20of%20the%20Soviet%20Union-iUniverse.com%20%282010%29.pdf|publisher=iUniverse.com|isbn=9781450241717}}</ref>

== Reference ==
{{Communist parties}}

[[Category:Communist parties]]
<references /><ref>{{Video citation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xu77G4RqcT4|channel=Diego Fusaro|title=DIEGO FUSARO: Achille Occhetto, dalla distruzione del Pci (1989) all'odio verso il popolo (2019)|date=7 set 2019}}</ref>