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Atrocities committed by the United States of America against Africa

2025-12-07T16:25:30Z

98.217.54.170: Removed broken citation remnants from the source this was copied from. Added links. Capitalized Country Names.

[[Category:Atrocities committed by the United States]]

Source: https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/main/us_atrocities.md

* In 1801, and again in 1815, the [[United States of America|US]] aided [[Kingdom of Sweden|Sweden]] in subjugating a series of coastal towns in North Africa, in the Barbary Wars. The stated reason was to crack down on pirates, but the wars destroyed the navies of [[People's Democratic Republic of Algeria|Algeria]], [[Republic of Tunisia|Tunisia]], and [[Kingdom of Morocco|Morocco]], and secured [[European]] and US shipping routes for goods and slaves in North Africa. US Representatives stated: “When we can appear in the Ports of the various Powers, or on the Coast, of Barbary, with Ships of such force as to convince those nations that We are able to protect our trade, and to compel them if necessary to keep faith with Us, then, and not before, We may probably secure a large share of the Meditn trade, which would largely and speedily compensate the U. S. for the Cost of a maritime force amply sufficient to keep all those Pirates in Awe, and also make it their interest to keep faith.” Thomas Jefferson echoed and carried out the war, saying that war was essential to securing markets along the Barbary Coast.
* In 1961, the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] assists in the assassination of the democratically elected congolese leader Patrice Lumumba, throwing the country into years of turmoil. Before his assassination the CIA sent one of its scientists, Dr. Sidney Gottlieb, to the Congo carrying “lethal biological material” intended for use in Lumumba’s assassination. This virus would have been able to produce a fatal disease indigenous to the Congo area of [[Africa]] and was transported in a diplomatic pouch.
* In 1965, a CIA-backed military coup installs Mobutu Sese Seko, described as the "archetypal African dictator" in Congo. The hated and repressive Mobutu exploits his desperately poor country for billions.
* In 1966, a CIA-backed military coup overthrows he widely popular Pan-Africanist and Marxist leader Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana, inviting the International Monetary Fund and World Bank to take a lead role in managing the economy. With this reversal, accentuated by the expulsion of immigrants and a new willingness to negotiate with apartheid South Africa, Ghana lost a good deal of its stature in the eyes of African nationalists.
* In 1975, Henry Kissinger launches a CIA-backed war in [[Republic of Angola|Angola]], backing the brutal [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] leader of UNITAS, Jonas Savimbi, against Agostinho Neto and his Marxist-Leninst MPLA party, creating a civil war lasting for 30 years. The CIA financed a covert invasion via neighboring Zaire and a drive on the Angolan capital by the U.S. ally, [[Republic of South Africa|South Africa]]. Congress continues to fund UNITAS, and their south-african apartheid allies until the late 1980s. By the end of the war, more than 500,000 people had died and over one million had been internally displaced.
* In the 1980s, Reagan maintains a close relationship with the [[Apartheid]] South African government, called constructive engagement, while secretly funding it in the hopes of creating a bulwark of anti-communism and preventing a Marxist party from taking power, as happened in Angola. Later on, in the wars against Apartheid in South Africa and Angola, in which [[Cuban]] and anti-apartheid forces fought the white south African government, the US supplied south Africa with nuclear weapons via [[State of Israel|Israel]].
* In June 1982, with the help of CIA money and arms, Hissene Habre , dubbed Africa's Pinochet, takes power in [[Republic of Chad|Chad]]. His secret [[police]], use methods of torture including the burning the body of the detainee with incandescent objects, spraying gas into their eyes, ears and nose, forced swallowing of water, and forcing the mouths of detainees around the exhaust pipes of running cars. Habré's government also periodically engaged in ethnic cleansing against groups such as the Sara, Hadjerai and the Zaghawa, killing and arresting group members en masse when it was perceived that their leaders posed a threat to the regime. [[Human Rights Watch]] claimed that Habre was responsible for thousands of killings. In 2001, while living in [[Republic of Senegal|Senegal]], he was almost tried for crimes committed by him in Chad. However, a court there blocked these proceedings. Then human rights people decided to pursue the case in [[Kingdom of Belgium|Belgium]], because some of Habre’s torture victims lived there. The U.S., in June 2003, told Belgium that it risked losing its status as host to [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO’s]] headquarters if it allowed such a legal proceeding to happen. So the result was that the law that allowed victims to file complaints in Belgium for atrocities committed abroad was repealed. However, two months later a new law was passed which made special provision for the continuation of the case against Habre. In May 2016 he was found guilty of human-rights abuses, including rape, sexual slavery and ordering the killing of 40,000 people, and sentenced to life in prison.
* In 1998, the US bombed the Al Shifa pharmaceutical factory in [[Republic of the Sudan|Sudan]], killing one employee and wounding 11. It was the largest pharmaceutical factory in Khartoum, producing medicine both for human and veterinary use. The US had acted on false evidence of a VX nerve agent from a single soil sample, and later used a false witness to cover for the attack. It was the only pharmaceutical factory in Africa not under US control.
* In early 2017, the US began conducting drone strikes in [[Federal Republic of Somalia|Somalia]] against Al Shabab militants. An attack on July 16th killed 8 people.

Asher Moses

2025-12-07T16:11:03Z

98.217.54.170: Added link

'''Asher Moses''' is a [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist-Leninist]] journalist who is based out of Geelong, Australia. His writings have appeared in Muckrack, the Sydney Morning Herald, ZDNet, The Age, The Sunday Age, Brisbane Times, Resilience.org, and Lithgow Mercury.<ref>[https://muckrack.com/ashermoses Asher Moses on Muckrack]</ref>

== Social ==

* [https://twitter.com/ashermoses Twitter]

== References ==
[[Category:Australian journalists]]
[[Category:Journalists]]
[[Category:Marxist-Leninists]]

Silk Road

2025-12-07T16:04:58Z

98.217.54.170: Added Links to geographical regions. Added Links to the First and Second Paragraph. Added Links to the third paragraph.

The Silk Road was a network of overland and maritime trade routes that linked [[East Asia]], [[Central Asia]], [[West Asia]], and parts of [[Europe]] from antiquity to the early modern era. It emerged from the material development of early agrarian states, whose [[Ruling class|ruling classes]] accumulated surplus and created the infrastructure needed for long-distance exchange.

Rather than a single route, it consisted of shifting caravan paths, oasis towns, and ports. Chinese silk, ironware, and paper traveled westward, while horses, metals, glassware, and textiles moved eastward. Ideas and [[Religion|religions]] especially [[Buddhism]] spread alongside these [[Commodity|commodities]].
[[File:Kushanas_Empire.jpg|thumb|Kushan Empire at its height, showing its geographical extent and major cities and trade routes that connected the empire to the wider Silk Road network.]]
Empires such as the [[Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE)|Han]], Kushan, and [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] profited from taxing trade and controlling strategic passes, making the Silk Road an instrument of class power and imperial competition. Its decline began with the rise of maritime commerce and the integration of [[Asia]] into emerging capitalist world systems.

==References==
<references />

Sexism

2025-12-07T15:23:49Z

98.217.54.170: Changed Female a sex-based term into Women a gender-based term. Fixed grammatical error.

'''Sexism''' is discrimination or oppression based on gender or sex. Like [[racism]], it is rooted in [[private property]] and [[class society]]. Sexism allows [[Bourgeoisie|capitalists]] to make higher profits by paying woman workers less and divide the [[proletariat]].<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Liberation School]]|title=Can sexism be eliminated under capitalism?|date=2008-02-01|url=https://www.liberationschool.org/can-sexism-be-eliminated-under-capitalism/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517143906/https://www.liberationschool.org/can-sexism-be-eliminated-under-capitalism/|archive-date=2022-05-17|retrieved=2022-10-28}}</ref>

== History ==
In [[Primitive communism|primitive communal]] societies, bloodlines were traced through the mother in a system called the "mother right" and sexism did not exist. According to [[Friedrich Engels|Engels]], property-owning men overthrew the mother right at the beginning of class society and began to treat women as their property.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
[[Category:Sexism]]