Joseph Stalin

2022-03-10T01:27:23Z

Castronautical:

{{Infobox revolutionary
| name = Josef Stalin
| native_name = Иосиф Сталин<br>იოსებ სტალინი
| image = File:Joseph-Stalin-1950.jpg
| image_size = 225px
| caption = Portrait of comrade Stalin
| nationality = Georgian
| birth_name = Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1878|12|21}}
| birth_place = Gori, Tiflis Governorate, Russian Empire (present-day Georgia)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1953|3|5|1878|12|18}}
| death_place = Moscow, [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]
| death_cause = Cerebral hemorrhage
| political_line = [[Marxism-Leninism]]
}}
'''Iósif Vissariónovich Dzhugashvili''' {{Datebio|birthmonth=December|birthday=21st|birthyear=1878|deathmonth=March|deathday=5th|deathyear=1953}}, more popularly known as '''Joseph Stalin''' was the General Secretary of Central Committee of Communist Party of Soviet Union from 3 April 1922 to 16 October 1952.

== Early life ==

Iósif Vissariónovich Dzhugashvili was born on 21 December, 1878<ref group="lower-alpha">Although some historians claim he was born in 18th December, his birthday was officially celebrated on 21st December.</ref> in Gori<ref group="lower-alpha">The city of Gori was part of the Tiflis Governorate, which was one of the administrative divisions of the [[Russian Empire]].</ref> a city of the [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian Empire]]. Like his parents, Stalin was an ethnic [[Georgia|Georgian]], and he grew up speaking the Georgian language. Both his father and his mother came from a family of serfs.<ref>{{Citation|author=Ian Grey|year=1979|title=Stalin, man of history|chapter=|section=|page=9|quote=Vissarion, his father, came from the village of Didi-Lilo, near Tiflis, where his parents, like their forebears, had been peasant serfs. For Vissarion emancipation meant that he was free to fol low his trade as a cobbler. Around 1870 he moved to Gori, where in 1874 he married Ekaterina Georgievna Geladze, daughter of a serf family from a nearby village. She was about eighteen years of age, some five years younger than her husband. They were humble working people, poor and illiterate.|pdf=|city=|publisher=|isbn=|doi=|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=A341F7377CB157DD7730A9A416CDC302|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref>

Stalin's revolutionary activities can be traced to his time as a student in the Orthodox Spiritual Seminary in Tiflis, beginning in 1894. An avid reader, he read the seminal ''[[Capital, vol. I|Capital]]'' written by [[Marx|Karl Marx]], subsequently taking a profound interest in [[Marxism]].

== Post-Revolution ==

==False claims of antisemitism==

Despite right wingers and fascists spreading rumours of Judeo-Bolshevik conspiracy theories, some historians have made baseless claims that Stalin was an anti-semite. For refutation please see the below letter from Stalin.

{{Quote|In answer to your inquiry :

National and racial chauvinism is a vestige of the misanthropic customs characteristic of the period of cannibalism. Anti-semitism, as an extreme form of racial chauvinism, is the most dangerous vestige of cannibalism.

Anti-semitism is of advantage to the exploiters as a lightning conductor that deflects the blows aimed by the working people at capitalism. Anti-semitism is dangerous for the working people as being a false path that leads them off the right road and lands them in the jungle. Hence Communists, as consistent internationalists, cannot but be irreconcilable, sworn enemies of anti-semitism.

In the U.S.S.R. anti-semitism is punishable with the utmost severity of the law as a phenomenon deeply hostile to the Soviet system. Under U.S.S.R. law active anti-semites are liable to the death penalty.|J. Stalin|Reply to an inquiry of the Jewish News Agency in the United States {{Refn|Stalin: ''Reply to an inquiry of the Jewish News Agency in the United States'' [https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1931/01/12.htm MIA link]}}}}

== World War 2 ==
During the course of [[Second World War|World War 2]], known in Russia as the Great Patriotic War, Stalin gave weekly addresses to the Soviet people while his red army, lead by [[Grigory Zhukov]], freed Europe from the Nazis.

== Legacy ==

==References==
<references />

=== Notes ===
<references group="lower-alpha" />
[[Category:Joseph Stalin]]
[[Category:Marxist theorists]]
[[Category:Former heads of state]]

Reactionary

2022-03-10T01:08:21Z

Castronautical: Grammar

'''Reactionary''' is an umbrella term for those whose political ideologies seek to conserve the current structures of power. In a [[Marxism|Marxist]] context this means the total opposition to any [[revolution|revolutionary]] movements and upholding [[capitalism]], [[liberalism]], [[imperialism]], [[fascism]], monarchism and/or feudalism. As such, reactionaries are usually conservative and hold a certain bygone era in high regard. This includes the veneration of classical art, traditional culture and appeals to religious thought.

Certain reactionaries appose anything that can be considered modern, but where they drawn the line is often wherever is most politically convenient. In regards to reactionaries, their stance against [[socialism]] and [[communism]] is of the highest concern, but reactionaries also aim their hostilities toward any other movements or beliefs that threaten the status quo’s cultural and economic hegemony. This means an opposition to racial and national liberation movements, women’s liberation, queer rights movements, labor unions, modern art/music, and cultural movements, among others.

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Joseph Stalin

Reactionary