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Smith

2025-11-10T21:52:01Z

Literallywho Ingodsname: Removed redirect to Adam Smith

{{Stub}}

'''Smith''' is an extremely common [[England|English]] [[occupational surname]], the most popular in all of the [[United States of America|United States]], [[Canada]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|United Kingdom]], [[Australia]], and [[New Zealand]].<ref>[https://forebears.io/surnames/smith "Smith Surname Origin"]. ''forebears.io''. Retrieved 2025-11-10.</ref> It is so common, in fact, that "John Smith" is frequently used as a [[placeholder name]]. [[Cognate]] with the [[German language|German]] [[Schmidt]]/[[Schmitt]], it derives from the [[Old English]] ''smītan'', meaning "to smite".

== Variants ==

* [[Dutch language|Dutch]]
** De Smet
** Desmet
** Smid
** Smit
** Smits
* English
** DeSmith
** Smethe
** Smyth
** Smythe
* German
** Schmidt
** Schmied
** Schmitt

== People ==

=== Given name ===

* [[Charles Smith Hamilton]] (1822–1891), Statesian major general and industrialist
* [[Elias Smith Dennis]] (1812–1894), [[Illinois]] politician and Union brevet major general
* [[Friend Smith Rutherford]] (1820–1864), Statesian lawyer, prison superintendent, and military officer who was posthumously promoted to brigadier general
* [[John Smith Phelps]] (1814–1886), Statesian brigadier general, Military [[Governor of Arkansas]] during the [[Statesian Civil War|Civil War]], and [[Governor of Missouri]] from 1877 to 1881
* [[Milo Smith Hascall]] (1829–1904), Statesian brigadier general, banker, and real estate agent
* [[Smith Larimer]] (1829–1881), Statesian soldier and [[Medal of Honor]] recipient
* [[Speed S. Fry|Speed Smith Fry]] (1817–1892), Statesian lawyer, judge, and brigadier general

=== Surname ===

* [[Adam Smith]] (1723–1790), Scottish economist and philosopher often called the "father of [[capitalism]]"
* [[Al Smith]] (1873–1944), Statesian politician, twice [[Governor of New York]], and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee in the [[1928 United States presidential election|1928 presidential election]]
* [[Charles Bullen-Smith]] (1898–1970), British general of both [[World War|World Wars]]
* [[Daniel Bennett Smith]] (1956–), Statesian diplomat who served as director of the [[Foreign Service Institute]] and briefly as acting [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]]
* [[Danielle Smith]] (1971–), Canadian politician and the current [[Premier of Alberta]]
* [[Eddie Liger Smith]] (1997–), Statesian [[Communism|communist]] activist, wrestling coach, and director of the [[Midwestern Marx|Midwestern Marx Institute]]
* [[Howard W. Smith]] (1883–1976), Statesian lawyer, politician, leader of the [[conservative coalition]], and namesake of the [[Smith Act]]
* [[James Francis Smith]] (1859–1928), Statesian lawyer, judge, general, and politician who served as 8th U.S. [[Governor-General of the Philippines]]
* [[John Smith (explorer)|John Smith]] (c. 1579–1631), English soldier, adventurer, and colonial administrator best-known for founding [[Jamestown (Virginia)|Jamestown]], the first permanent English settlement in the [[New World]]
* [[John Smith (Labour Party leader)|John Smith]] (1938–1994), Scottish politician who served as [[Leader of the Labour Party (UK)|Leader of the Labour Party]] and [[Leader of the Opposition (UK)|of the Opposition]] from 1992 until his death
* [[Joseph Smith]] (1805–1844), Statesian cult leader who founded [[Mormonism]]
* [[Noah Smith (writer)|Noah Smith]], Statesian economics professor and journalist who publishes the ''Noahpinion'' blog on [[Substack]]
* [[Robert Burns Smith]] (1854–1908), Statesian attorney and politician who served as the [[Governor of Montana]] from 1897 to 1901
* [[Thomas Kilby Smith]] (1820–1887), Statesian lawyer, diplomat, and brevet major general
* [[Walter Bedell Smith]] (1895–1961), Statesian general and diplomat who served as [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]'s [[chief of staff]] during [[World War II]] and [[Director of Central Intelligence|CIA Director]] from 1950 to 1953
* [[Walter George Smith]] (1854–1924), Statesian attorney
* [[William Forgan Smith]] (1887–1953), Australian politician, unionist, and [[Premier of Queensland]] from 1932 to 1942
* [[Will Smith]] (1968–), Statesian actor, director, and rapper

=== Fictional characters ===

* [[Winston Smith]], the protagonist of [[George Orwell]]'s novel [[Nineteen Eighty-Four|''Nineteen Eighty-Four'']] (1949)

== Places ==

=== North America ===

==== United States ====

* [[Fort Smith (Arkansas)|Fort Smith, Arkansas]]

== See also ==

* [[Faber]]
* [[Kovač]]
* [[Lefebvre]]
* [[Schmidt]]
* [[Schmitt]]

== References ==
<references />

Edward Smith

2025-11-10T21:13:43Z

Literallywho Ingodsname: Literallywho Ingodsname moved page Edward Smith to Eddie Liger Smith over redirect: To avoid confusion with other Edward Smiths

[[File:Betterpicofedwardsmith.jpeg.jpg|thumb|Edward Smith circa 2024]]
'''Edward Smith''', who goes by the name '''Eddie 'Liger' Smith''', is a [[United States of America|Statesian]] "[[patriotic socialist]]" and an "Institute co-director" at [[Midwestern Marx]].<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Midwestern Marx|title=Staff|url=https://www.midwesternmarx.com/staff.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011214738/https://www.midwesternmarx.com/staff.html|archive-date=2022-10-11|retrieved=2022-10-16}}</ref> Despite calling himself a Marxist, Edward smith has been moving further to the [[Opportunism|right]] with time.

== Positions ==

=== Tailism ===
Smith has been increasingly [[Tailism|tailing]] the [[reactionary]] segment of the [[United States of America|Statesian]] population. On December 20th, 2023, he published a post on his Twitter account adopting the idea that [[Donald Trump]] was being unjustly affected by "...[[lawfare]] being used to manipulate elections"<ref>{{Web citation|author=@EdbieLigerSmith|title=Twitter Post 2023-12-20|date=2023-12-20|url=https://twitter.com/EdbieLigerSmith/status/1737580869206921463|archive-date=2023-12-23|quote=If you admit to unfollowing us because we don’t support lawfare against Trump you’re admitting to living in a liberal echo chamber with no alternative analysis of Trump allowed.

The State is a dictatorship of the ruling capitalist class… If you think that State is going after Trump because it has the best interests of the American people in mind, you’re either delusional or ignorant about the true function of the State.

We should condemn lawfare being used to manipulate elections on principle… because if they’ll do it to Trump they’ll do it to us… just look at how Lula da Silva was jailed before the election in 2018.

Have some principles and learn to engage in a sober materialist analysis… enough of the Trump derangement syndrome, Marxists should be smarter than that.}}</ref> following the [[2021 United States Capitol insurrection]].

In the tweet, he dismisses critics (including [[Marxists]]) as "living in a [[liberal]] echo chamber", but doesn't go against [[MAGA movement|MAGA]] supporters for their conservative echo chamber. He further adds that:<blockquote>We should condemn lawfare being used to manipulate elections on principle… because if they’ll do it to Trump they’ll do it to us… just look at how Lula da Silva was jailed before the election in 2018.</blockquote>Despite that Marxists are well aware that [[Electoralism|elections]] in a [[Dictatorship of the bourgeoisie|bourgeois dictatorship]] only exist to benefit the [[bourgeoisie]] and that communists will be targeted by the state sooner or later regardless of the opposition.

In 2023, he made the absurd claim that the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Bolsheviks]] were "reaching out" to members of the [[Black Hundreds]] in their time,<ref>{{Web citation|author=@EdbieLigerSmith|title=If Modern day Western communists lived in Russia|url=https://twitter.com/EdbieLigerSmith/status/1673102904436113409|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626023258/https://twitter.com/EdbieLigerSmith/status/1673102904436113409|archive-date=26 Jun 2023|quote=If Modern day Western communists lived in [[Russian Empire|Russia]] they would have tweeted pictures of the [[Bolsheviks]] reaching out to the [[Black Hundreds|black hundreds]] and demanded that people cancel them for it.}}</ref> the Black Hundreds being a [[Far-right politics|far-right]] [[Monarchism|monarchist]] group in the [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian Empire]].

=== Exploitation of the Palestinian genocide ===
Smith once compared his self-imposed diet to the [[Israel-Gaza war and genocide|genocide in Gaza]], as [[State of Palestine|Palestinians]] are being intentionally starved by "[[State of Israel|Israel]]" to accelerate their genocide.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=Twitter|title=Tweet by @jonnysocialism|date=2025-01-20|url=https://x.com/jonnysocialism/status/1881182136151236995}}</ref> In a now deleted conceited tweet that contained two 'thirst traps' (selfies of him shirtless looking at the camera), Smith said that "anyone COULD do [a diet] & if you were born in Gaza you'd have no other option."<ref name=":0" /> He called his self-imposed diet that he undertook for aesthetic and athletic purposes an act of "solidarity with [his] brothers [in Gaza]", and further added that he was "honestly grateful [he] get[s] the opportunity to dehydrate and starve [him]self", despite being able to stop his diet at any time.

== American Communist Party ==
Edward was a founding member of the [[American Communist Party]], a patriotic socialist project. There, he calls himself an "Executive board member".<ref>{{Web citation|author=@EdbieLigerSmith|newspaper=Twitter|title=Proud to announce that I’ve been selected to the executive board of the American Communist Party.|date=2024-07-22|url=https://x.com/EdbieLigerSmith/status/1815447344973779099|archive-url=https://archive.ph/wip/KOmis}}</ref>

== References ==
[[Category:Statesian communists]]
<references />
[[Category:Patriotic socialists]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Smith, Edward}}

Nazi

2025-11-09T17:09:18Z

Literallywho Ingodsname:

'''''Nazi''''' (plural ''Nazis'') is a derogatory term for a supporter of [[national socialism]] (better known as ''Nazism''), a [[Fascism|fascist]] movement which emerged in [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]] during the [[interwar period]]. Post-[[Second World War|World War II]] adherence to Nazism is often called [[neo-Nazism]]. Someone who supported Nazism before 1945 and continued to adhere to Nazism even after the end of the Second World War is sometimes referred to as an "Old Nazi" (''Altnazi''). Nazis themselves tend to reject the label due to the negative connotation.

== Etymology and usage ==

=== Origins as a nickname ===
The term ''Nazi'' was already in-use in [[German-speaking countries]] long before the national socialist movement arose. It is a diminutive of [[Ignaz|Igna[t]z]], the [[Germanisation|germanised]] version of the [[Latin]] [[given name]] [[Ignatius]],<ref>[[Karl Breul]] (1906).: ''Heath's German and English Dictionary.'' [[London]]: [[D. C. Heath and Company]]. p. 522.</ref><ref name=":1">[[Gustav Michaelis (stenographer)|Gustav Michaelis]] (1856).: ''Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gebräuchlichsten Taufnamen''. Berlin: Verlag von Franz Duncker. p. 15.</ref> which was historically common in majority-[[Catholicism|Catholic]] regions such as [[Austria]], [[Bavaria]], and [[Bohemia]]. This is also present in the [[Hungarian language]] (which was heavily influenced by [[German language|German]] due to nearly four centuries of [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] rule), with the Hungarian form [[Ignác]] sometimes being shortened to ''Náci''. Other similar versions are ''Nace'' (chiefly [[Republic of Slovenia|Slovenian]]), ''Gnazi'' ([[Swiss Confederation|Swiss]]), ''Ignacy'' ([[Republic of Poland|Polish]]), ''Ignazi'', and ''Nazrl''.<ref name=":1" /> Examples of the word being used in this context include:

* The 1910 comedic novel [[Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise|''Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise'']] ("Nazi Semmelbacher's Honeymoon") by [[Anton Noder]] (writing under the [[pen name]] A. de Nora) follows Ignatius "Nazi" Semmelbacher, a municipal councillor and gingerbread maker who leaves behind his wife in [[Munich]] to travel to [[Venice]] with the poet Franz Paul Müller.<ref>A. de Nora (1910).: ''Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise''. [[Leipzig]]: [[L. Staackmann Verlag]].</ref>
* [[Ignaz Semmelweis]], the [[Empire of Austria (1804–1867)|Austrian]] physician famous for introducing the revolutionary practice of [[handwashing]] in medicine, was frequently called "Nazi" or "Semmel-Nazi" by his colleagues.<ref>[[Elias Haffter]] (1898).: ''Dr. L. Sonderegger: In seiner Selbstbiographie und seinen Briefen''. [[Frauenfeld]]: [[J. Huber Verlag]]. p. 23.</ref> This is reflected in the 1979 Hungarian drama [[Gyilkosok (1979)|''Gyilkosok'']] ("Murderers"), in which Semmelweis is referred to as ''Semmelnáci'' a total of 14 times.<ref>[[Száraz György|György Száraz]] (1979).: [https://www.ponticulus.hu/rovatok/hidverok/szaraz-gyilkosok.html#gsc.tab=0 ''Gyilkosok'']. [[Ponticulus Hungaricus]]. Retrieved 2025-10-30.</ref>
* In a 1907 eulogy to [[Ignaz Auer]] (a prominent [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic]] politician from [[Lower Bavaria]]), [[Eduard Bernstein]] affectionately refers to his deceased friend as "Nazi".<ref name=":0">[[Eduard Bernstein|Bernstein, Eduard]] (1907).: ''Ignaz Auer: Eine Gedenkschrift''. [[State of Berlin|Berlin]]: [[Buchhandlung Vorwärts]]. p. 6.</ref>
* The satirical magazine ''[[Kikeriki]]'', which was banned under [[Federal State of Austria (1934–1938)|the Austrofascist regime]] due to its links to the [[German National Socialist Workers' Party (Austria)|Austrian Nazi Party]], once told a short story called ''Der Kosename'' ("The Pet Name") about a married couple named Mr. Ignaz and Mrs. Klara. One day Ignaz headed off to work, forgetting to bring his eyeglasses with him. Klara, concerned, opened a window and shouted for her husband: "Nazi! Nazi! Nazi!", whereupon the man was immediately arrested as an [[enemy of the state]] (''staatsgefährliches Subjekt''; literally "state-dangerous subject").<ref>No author (1933-06-18).: [https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=kik&datum=19330618&seite=7&zoom=51 "Der Kosename."] ''Kikeriki''. Retrieved 2025-06-07.</ref>

=== Evolution into an insult ===
Given the nickname's popularity in [[Southern Germany]], it was eventually picked up as a pejorative for Southerners, whom [[Northern Germany|Northern Germans]] often viewed as backwards, foolish, [[Conservatism|conservative]], and unsophisticated [[Rural stigma|due to their rural background]] (comparable to "[[redneck]]", "[[hillbilly]]", and especially "[[Cleetus]]" in [[English language|English]]).<ref name=":2">Nirmal Dass (2022-01).: [https://chroniclesmagazine.org/society-culture/the-strange-origin-of-the-word-nazi/ The Strange Origin of the Word 'Nazi']. [[Chronicles (magazine)|''Chronicles'']]. Retrieved 2025-11-09.</ref> This lead to ''Nazi'' gaining a negative connotation, which some sources claim is the reason why opponents of Nazism favoured the term.<ref name=":3">[https://www.etymonline.com/word/Nazi "Nazi"]. ''Etymonline''. Retrieved 2025-10-30.</ref> The [[National Socialist German Workers' Party|Nazi Party]] itself was founded in Munich and [[Adolf Hitler|its leader]] was an Austrian, which may have played into this stereotype. Additionally, as is much more well-known, the term '''''Na'''tionalso'''zi'''alist'' ('national socialist') could be shortened to ''Nazi'', just as ''[[Sozi]]'' (also derogatory) was a [[Clipping (morphology)|clipping]] of '''''Sozi'''alist'' ('socialist') or ''[[Kozi]]'' was a clipping of '''''Ko'''mmunist'' ('communist').

Classical Nazis almost always avoided the term ''Nazi'', instead favouring "national socialist". One notable exception is the title of [[Joseph Goebbels]]' 1926 pamphlet [[Der Nazi-Sozi|''Der Nazi-Sozi: Fragen und Antworten für den Nationalsozialisten'']] ("The Nazi-Sozi: Questions and Answers for National Socialists"), in which he seeks to address common misconceptions about national socialist politics, though the word is not mentioned in the text itself. Hitler also used the term "anti-Nazi" on one occasion in reference to unfavourable coverage of national socialism in the international media, though likely in air-quotes.<ref><blockquote>''In the same speech Hitler said'': "Recently endeavours have been made to place broadcasting, also, in the service of this international campaign of hate [against Germany]. With regard to this, I wish to make the following warning public: If the broadcasts sent from certain countries to Germany do not cease we will soon answer to them.... I believe, as I always have done, that our work of enlightenment will be more effective than the campaign of lies of those Jews who stir up hatred between the peoples. Announcements by American film companies that they intend to produce '''anti-Nazi—that is, anti-German'''—films, can but induce us to produce anti-Semitic films in Germany...."</blockquote>[[Norman H. Baynes]] (1942).: ''The Speeches of Adolf Hitler: April 1922–August 1939''. Volume I. London: [[Oxford University Press]]. p. 742.</ref> Otherwise, as [[William Shirer]] noted in his [[Berlin Diary|''Berlin Diary'']] in 1940, "For some time now our censors have not allowed us to use the word 'Nazi' on the air. They say it has a bad sound in [[United States of America|America]]. One must say 'National Socialist' or avoid the term altogether, as I do."<ref>[[William L. Shirer]] (1941).: ''[[Berlin Diary]]: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent, 1934–1941''. New York: [[Alfred A. Knopf]]. pp. 494-5.</ref>

''Nazi'' was likewise intentionally eschewed in the [[Eastern Bloc]]. [[Communism|Communists]] view ''Nazi'' as a [[misnomer]] since, in all practical respects, [[Nazi Germany|Germany under national socialism]] was a [[Capitalism|capitalist]]-[[Imperialism|imperialist]] country. Therefore, in order to avoid any confusion, risk giving credence to the notion that the Nazis were authentic [[Socialism|socialists]], and damaging socialism's good name, the terms "German fascism" and "Hitlerism" were favoured.<ref name=":3" />

=== Modern usage ===
Modern neo-Nazis continue to avoid the term due to the historical baggage associated with Nazism, as [[World War II]] and the [[Holocaust]] are still deeply ingrained in the [[West|Western]] psyche today. Instead, they often conceal their true beliefs in order to appeal to as wide a demographic as possible.

Today, the word ''Nazi'' is also synonymous with being needlessly strict, intolerant, or fanatical (see, e.g., "[[grammar Nazi]]").

=== Separate Swiss etymology ===
In [[Basel]], Switzerland, the [[Basler Zeitung|''National-Zeitung'']] (NZ), a [[Liberalism|liberal]] daily newspaper which ran from 1842 to 1977, was colloquially known as the ''Nazi-Zyttig'', or the "National Newspaper". From 1950 until the paper's merger with the [[Basler Nachrichten|''Basler Nachrichten'']] in 1977, it also published a weekly children's supplement called ''Dr glai Nazi'', or "The Little Nazi" in English. In this case, ''Nazi'' was just shorthand for ''National'', and was used in reference to this newspaper specifically.<ref name=":2" />

== See also ==

* [[German Reich (1933–1945)]]
* [[National Socialism]]
* [[National Socialist German Workers' Party]]
* [[Sozi]]

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Disambiguation pages]]

Nazi

2025-11-09T17:04:05Z

Literallywho Ingodsname:

'''''Nazi''''' (plural ''Nazis'') is a derogatory term for a supporter of [[national socialism]] (better known as ''Nazism''), a [[Fascism|fascist]] movement which emerged in [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]] during the [[interwar period]]. Post-[[Second World War|World War II]] adherence to Nazism is often called [[neo-Nazism]]. Someone who supported Nazism before 1945 and continued to adhere to Nazism even after the end of the Second World War is sometimes referred to as an "Old Nazi" (''Altnazi''). Nazis themselves tend to reject the label due to the negative connotation.

== Etymology and usage ==

=== Origins as a nickname ===
The term ''Nazi'' was already in-use in [[German-speaking countries]] long before the national socialist movement arose. It is a diminutive of [[Ignaz|Igna[t]z]], the [[Germanisation|germanised]] version of the [[Latin]] [[given name]] [[Ignatius]],<ref>[[Karl Breul]] (1906).: ''Heath's German and English Dictionary.'' [[London]]: [[D. C. Heath and Company]]. p. 522.</ref><ref name=":1">[[Gustav Michaelis (stenographer)|Gustav Michaelis]] (1856).: ''Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gebräuchlichsten Taufnamen''. Berlin: Verlag von Franz Duncker. p. 15.</ref> which was historically common in majority-[[Catholicism|Catholic]] regions such as [[Austria]], [[Bavaria]], and [[Bohemia]]. This is also present in the [[Hungarian language]] (which was heavily influenced by [[German language|German]] due to nearly four centuries of [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] rule), with the Hungarian form [[Ignác]] sometimes being shortened to ''Náci''. Other similar versions are ''Nace'' (chiefly [[Republic of Slovenia|Slovenian]]), ''Gnazi'' ([[Swiss Confederation|Swiss]]), ''Ignacy'' ([[Republic of Poland|Polish]]), ''Ignazi'', and ''Nazrl''.<ref name=":1" /> Examples of the word being used in this context include:

* The 1910 comedic novel [[Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise|''Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise'']] ("Nazi Semmelbacher's Honeymoon") by [[Anton Noder]] (writing under the [[pen name]] A. de Nora) follows Ignatius "Nazi" Semmelbacher, a municipal councillor and gingerbread maker who leaves behind his wife in [[Munich]] to travel to [[Venice]] with the poet Franz Paul Müller.<ref>A. de Nora (1910).: ''Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise''. [[Leipzig]]: [[L. Staackmann Verlag]].</ref>
* [[Ignaz Semmelweis]], the [[Empire of Austria (1804–1867)|Austrian]] physician famous for introducing the revolutionary practice of [[handwashing]] in medicine, was frequently called "Nazi" or "Semmel-Nazi" by his colleagues.<ref>[[Elias Haffter]] (1898).: ''Dr. L. Sonderegger: In seiner Selbstbiographie und seinen Briefen''. [[Frauenfeld]]: [[J. Huber Verlag]]. p. 23.</ref> This is reflected in the 1979 Hungarian drama [[Gyilkosok (1979)|''Gyilkosok'']] ("Murderers"), in which Semmelweis is referred to as ''Semmelnáci'' a total of 14 times.<ref>[[Száraz György|György Száraz]] (1979).: [https://www.ponticulus.hu/rovatok/hidverok/szaraz-gyilkosok.html#gsc.tab=0 ''Gyilkosok'']. [[Ponticulus Hungaricus]]. Retrieved 2025-10-30.</ref>
* In a 1907 eulogy to [[Ignaz Auer]] (a prominent [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic]] politician from [[Lower Bavaria]]), [[Eduard Bernstein]] affectionately refers to his deceased friend as "Nazi".<ref name=":0">[[Eduard Bernstein|Bernstein, Eduard]] (1907).: ''Ignaz Auer: Eine Gedenkschrift''. [[State of Berlin|Berlin]]: [[Buchhandlung Vorwärts]]. p. 6.</ref>
* The satirical magazine ''[[Kikeriki]]'', which was banned under [[Federal State of Austria (1934–1938)|the Austrofascist regime]] due to its links to the [[German National Socialist Workers' Party (Austria)|Austrian Nazi Party]], once told a short story called ''Der Kosename'' ("The Pet Name") about a married couple named Mr. Ignaz and Mrs. Klara. One day Ignaz headed off to work, forgetting to bring his eyeglasses with him. Klara, concerned, opened a window and shouted for her husband: "Nazi! Nazi! Nazi!", whereupon the man was immediately arrested as an [[enemy of the state]] (''staatsgefährliches Subjekt''; literally "state-dangerous subject").<ref>No author (1933-06-18).: [https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=kik&datum=19330618&seite=7&zoom=51 "Der Kosename."] ''Kikeriki''. Retrieved 2025-06-07.</ref>

=== Use as an insult ===
Given the nickname's popularity in [[Southern Germany]], it was eventually picked up as a pejorative for Southerners, whom [[Northern Germany|Northern Germans]] often viewed as backwards, foolish, [[Conservatism|conservative]], and unsophisticated [[Rural stigma|due to their rural background]] (comparable to "[[redneck]]", "[[hillbilly]]", and especially "[[Cleetus]]" in [[English language|English]]).<ref name=":2">Nirmal Dass (2022-01).: [https://chroniclesmagazine.org/society-culture/the-strange-origin-of-the-word-nazi/ The Strange Origin of the Word 'Nazi']. [[Chronicles (magazine)|''Chronicles'']]. Retrieved 2025-11-09.</ref> This lead to ''Nazi'' gaining a negative connotation, which some sources claim is the reason why opponents of Nazism favoured the term.<ref name=":3">[https://www.etymonline.com/word/Nazi "Nazi"]. ''Etymonline''. Retrieved 2025-10-30.</ref> The [[National Socialist German Workers' Party|Nazi Party]] itself was founded in Munich and [[Adolf Hitler|its leader]] was an Austrian, which may have played into this stereotype. Additionally, as is much more well-known, the term '''''Na'''tionalso'''zi'''alist'' ('national socialist') could be shortened to ''Nazi'', just as ''[[Sozi]]'' (also derogatory) was a [[Clipping (morphology)|clipping]] of '''''Sozi'''alist'' ('socialist') or ''[[Kozi]]'' was a clipping of '''''Ko'''mmunist'' ('communist').

Classical Nazis almost always avoided the term ''Nazi'', instead favouring "national socialist". One notable exception is the title of [[Joseph Goebbels]]' 1926 pamphlet [[Der Nazi-Sozi|''Der Nazi-Sozi: Fragen und Antworten für den Nationalsozialisten'']] ("The Nazi-Sozi: Questions and Answers for National Socialists"), in which he seeks to address common misconceptions about national socialist politics, though the word is not mentioned in the text itself. Hitler also used the term "anti-Nazi" on one occasion in reference to unfavourable coverage of national socialism in the international media, though likely in air-quotes.<ref><blockquote>''In the same speech Hitler said'': "Recently endeavours have been made to place broadcasting, also, in the service of this international campaign of hate [against Germany]. With regard to this, I wish to make the following warning public: If the broadcasts sent from certain countries to Germany do not cease we will soon answer to them.... I believe, as I always have done, that our work of enlightenment will be more effective than the campaign of lies of those Jews who stir up hatred between the peoples. Announcements by American film companies that they intend to produce '''anti-Nazi—that is, anti-German'''—films, can but induce us to produce anti-Semitic films in Germany...."</blockquote>[[Norman H. Baynes]] (1942).: ''The Speeches of Adolf Hitler: April 1922–August 1939''. Volume I. London: [[Oxford University Press]]. p. 742.</ref> Otherwise, as [[William Shirer]] noted in his [[Berlin Diary|''Berlin Diary'']] in 1940, "For some time now our censors have not allowed us to use the word 'Nazi' on the air. They say it has a bad sound in [[United States of America|America]]. One must say 'National Socialist' or avoid the term altogether, as I do."<ref>[[William L. Shirer]] (1941).: ''[[Berlin Diary]]: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent, 1934–1941''. New York: [[Alfred A. Knopf]]. pp. 494-5.</ref>

''Nazi'' was likewise intentionally eschewed in the [[Eastern Bloc]]. [[Communism|Communists]] view ''Nazi'' as a [[misnomer]] since, in all practical respects, [[Nazi Germany|Germany under national socialism]] was a [[Capitalism|capitalist]]-[[Imperialism|imperialist]] country. Therefore, in order to avoid any confusion, risk giving credence to the notion that the Nazis were authentic [[Socialism|socialists]], and damaging socialism's good name, the terms "German fascism" and "Hitlerism" were favoured.<ref name=":3" />

Modern neo-Nazis continue to avoid the term due to the historical baggage associated with Nazism as [[World War II]] and the [[Holocaust]] are still deeply ingrained in the [[West|Western]] psyche today. Instead, they often conceal their true beliefs in order to appeal to as wide a demographic as possible.

=== Separate Swiss etymology ===
In [[Basel]], Switzerland, the [[Basler Zeitung|''National-Zeitung'']] (NZ), a [[Liberalism|liberal]] daily newspaper which ran from 1842 to 1977, was colloquially known as the ''Nazi-Zyttig'', or the "National Newspaper". From 1950 until the paper's merger with the [[Basler Nachrichten|''Basler Nachrichten'']] in 1977, it also published a weekly children's supplement called ''Dr glai Nazi'', or "The Little Nazi" in English. In this case, ''Nazi'' was just shorthand for ''National'', and was used in reference to this newspaper specifically.<ref name=":2" />

== See also ==

* [[German Reich (1933–1945)]]
* [[National Socialism]]
* [[National Socialist German Workers' Party]]
* [[Sozi]]

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Disambiguation pages]]

Nazi

2025-11-09T01:24:00Z

Literallywho Ingodsname:

'''''Nazi''''' (plural ''Nazis'') is a derogatory term for a supporter of [[national socialism]] (better known as ''Nazism''), a [[Fascism|fascist]] movement which emerged in [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]] during the [[interwar period]]. Post-[[Second World War|World War II]] adherence to Nazism is often called [[neo-Nazism]]. Someone who supported Nazism before 1945 and continued to adhere to Nazism even after the end of the Second World War is sometimes referred to as an "Old Nazi" (''Altnazi''). Nazis themselves tend to reject the label due to the negative connotation.

== Etymology and usage ==
The term ''Nazi'' was already in-use in [[German-speaking countries]] long before the national socialist movement arose. It is a diminutive of [[Ignaz|Igna[t]z]], the [[Germanisation|germanised]] version of the [[Latin]] [[given name]] [[Ignatius]],<ref>[[Karl Breul]] (1906).: ''Heath's German and English Dictionary.'' [[London]]: [[D. C. Heath and Company]]. p. 522.</ref> which was historically common in majority-[[Catholicism|Catholic]] regions such as [[Austria]], [[Bavaria]], and [[Bohemia]]. This is also present in the [[Hungarian language]] (which was heavily influenced by [[German language|German]] due to nearly four centuries of [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] rule), with the Hungarian form [[Ignác]] sometimes being shortened to ''Náci''. Examples of the word being used in this context include:

* The 1910 comedic novel [[Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise|''Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise'']] ("Nazi Semmelbacher's Honeymoon") by [[Anton Noder]] (writing under the [[pen name]] A. de Nora) follows Ignatius "Nazi" Semmelbacher, a municipal councillor and gingerbread maker who leaves behind his wife in [[Munich]] to travel to [[Venice]] with the poet Franz Paul Müller.<ref>A. de Nora (1910).: ''Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise''. [[Leipzig]]: [[L. Staackmann Verlag]].</ref>
* [[Ignaz Semmelweis]], the [[Empire of Austria (1804–1867)|Austrian]] physician famous for introducing the revolutionary practice of [[handwashing]] in medicine, was frequently called "Nazi" or "Semmel-Nazi" by his colleagues.<ref>[[Elias Haffter]] (1898).: ''Dr. L. Sonderegger: In seiner Selbstbiographie und seinen Briefen''. [[Frauenfeld]]: [[J. Huber Verlag]]. p. 23.</ref> This is reflected in the 1979 Hungarian drama [[Gyilkosok (1979)|''Gyilkosok'']] ("Murderers"), in which Semmelweis is referred to as ''Semmelnáci'' a total of 14 times.<ref>[[Száraz György|György Száraz]] (1979).: [https://www.ponticulus.hu/rovatok/hidverok/szaraz-gyilkosok.html#gsc.tab=0 ''Gyilkosok'']. [[Ponticulus Hungaricus]]. Retrieved 2025-10-30.</ref>
* In a 1907 eulogy to [[Ignaz Auer]] (a prominent [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic]] politician from [[Lower Bavaria]]), [[Eduard Bernstein]] affectionately refers to his deceased friend as "Nazi".<ref name=":0">[[Eduard Bernstein|Bernstein, Eduard]] (1907).: ''Ignaz Auer: Eine Gedenkschrift''. [[State of Berlin|Berlin]]: [[Buchhandlung Vorwärts]]. p. 6.</ref>
* The satirical magazine ''[[Kikeriki]]'', which was banned under [[Federal State of Austria (1934–1938)|the Austrofascist regime]] due to its links to the [[German National Socialist Workers' Party (Austria)|Austrian Nazi Party]], once told a short story called ''Der Kosename'' ("The Pet Name") about a married couple named Mr. Ignaz and Mrs. Klara. One day Ignaz headed off to work, forgetting to bring his eyeglasses with him. Klara, concerned, opened a window and shouted for her husband: "Nazi! Nazi! Nazi!", whereupon the man was immediately arrested as an [[enemy of the state]] (''staatsgefährliches Subjekt''; literally "state-dangerous subject").<ref>No author (1933-06-18).: [https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=kik&datum=19330618&seite=7&zoom=51 "Der Kosename."] ''Kikeriki''. Retrieved 2025-06-07.</ref>

Given the nickname's popularity in [[Southern Germany]], it was eventually picked up as a pejorative for Southerners, whom [[Northern Germany|Northern Germans]] often viewed as backwards, foolish, [[Conservatism|conservative]], and unsophisticated [[Rural stigma|due to their rural background]] (comparable to "[[redneck]]", "[[hillbilly]]", and especially "[[Cleetus]]" in [[English language|English]]). This lead to ''Nazi'' gaining a negative connotation, which some sources claim is the reason why opponents of Nazism favoured the term.<ref>[https://www.etymonline.com/word/Nazi "Nazi"]. ''Etymonline''. Retrieved 2025-10-30.</ref> The [[National Socialist German Workers' Party|Nazi Party]] itself was founded in Munich and [[Adolf Hitler|its leader]] was an Austrian, which may have played into this stereotype. Additionally, as is much more well-known, the term '''''Na'''tionalso'''zi'''alist'' ('national socialist') could be shortened to ''Nazi'', just as ''[[Sozi]]'' (also derogatory) was a [[Clipping (morphology)|clipping]] of '''''Sozi'''alist'' ('socialist') or ''[[Kozi]]'' was a clipping of '''''Ko'''mmunist'' ('communist').

Classical Nazis almost always avoided the term ''Nazi'', instead favouring "national socialist". One notable exception is the title of [[Joseph Goebbels]]' 1926 pamphlet [[Der Nazi-Sozi|''Der Nazi-Sozi: Fragen und Antworten für den Nationalsozialisten'']] ("The Nazi-Sozi: Questions and Answers for National Socialists"), in which he seeks to address common misconceptions about national socialist politics, though the word is not mentioned in the text itself. Hitler also used the term "anti-Nazi" on one occasion in reference to unfavourable coverage of national socialism in the international media, though likely in air-quotes as he immediately clarified that opposition to Nazism was in reality opposition to Germany (at least in his mind).<ref><blockquote>''In the same speech Hitler said'': "Recently endeavours have been made to place broadcasting, also, in the service of this international campaign of hate [against Germany]. With regard to this, I wish to make the following warning public: If the broadcasts sent from certain countries to Germany do not cease we will soon answer to them.... I believe, as I always have done, that our work of enlightenment will be more effective than the campaign of lies of those Jews who stir up hatred between the peoples. Announcements by American film companies that they intend to produce anti-Nazi—that is, anti-German—films, can but induce us to produce anti-Semitic films in Germany...."</blockquote>[[Norman H. Baynes]] (1942).: ''The Speeches of Adolf Hitler: April 1922–August 1939''. Volume I. London: [[Oxford University Press]]. p. 742.</ref> Modern neo-Nazis continue to avoid the term due to the historical baggage associated with Nazism as [[World War II]] and the [[Holocaust]] are still deeply ingrained in the [[West|Western]] psyche today. Instead, they often conceal their true beliefs in order to appeal to as wide a demographic as possible.

''Nazi'' was likewise intentionally eschewed in the [[Eastern Bloc]]. [[Communism|Communists]] view ''Nazi'' as a [[misnomer]] since, in all practical respects, [[Nazi Germany|Germany under national socialism]] was a [[Capitalism|capitalist]]-[[Imperialism|imperialist]] country. Therefore, in order to avoid any confusion and risk giving credence to the notion that the Nazis were authentic [[Socialism|socialists]], the terms "German fascism" and "Hitlerism" were favoured.

== See also ==

* [[German Reich (1933–1945)]]
* [[National Socialism]]
* [[National Socialist German Workers' Party]]
* [[Sozi]]

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Disambiguation pages]]

Aluminum

2025-11-08T22:48:59Z

Literallywho Ingodsname: Redirected page to Aluminium

#REDIRECT [[Aluminium]]

Nazi

2025-11-08T21:56:38Z

Literallywho Ingodsname: Typo

'''''Nazi''''' (plural ''Nazis'') is a derogatory term for a supporter of [[national socialism]] (better known as ''Nazism''), a [[Fascism|fascist]] movement which emerged in [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]] during the [[interwar period]]. Post-[[Second World War|World War II]] adherence to Nazism is often called [[neo-Nazism]]. Someone who supported Nazism before 1945 and continued to adhere to Nazism even after the end of the Second World War is sometimes referred to as an "Old Nazi" (''Altnazi''). Nazis themselves tend to reject the label due to the negative connotation.

== Etymology and usage ==
The term ''Nazi'' was already in-use in [[German-speaking countries]] long before the national socialist movement arose. It is a diminutive of [[Ignaz|Igna[t]z]], the [[Germanisation|germanised]] version of the [[Latin]] [[given name]] [[Ignatius]],<ref>[[Karl Breul]] (1906).: ''Heath's German and English Dictionary.'' [[London]]: [[D. C. Heath and Company]]. p. 522.</ref> which was historically common in majority-[[Catholicism|Catholic]] regions such as [[Austria]], [[Bavaria]], and [[Bohemia]]. This is also present in the [[Hungarian language]] (which was heavily influenced by [[German language|German]] due to nearly four centuries of [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] rule), with the Hungarian form [[Ignác]] sometimes being shortened to ''Náci''. Examples of the word being used in this context include:

* The 1910 comedic novel [[Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise|''Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise'']] ("Nazi Semmelbacher's Honeymoon") by [[Anton Noder]] (writing under the [[pen name]] A. de Nora) follows Ignatius "Nazi" Semmelbacher, a municipal councillor and gingerbread maker who leaves behind his wife in [[Munich]] to travel to [[Venice]] with the poet Franz Paul Müller.<ref>A. de Nora (1910).: ''Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise''. [[Leipzig]]: [[L. Staackmann Verlag]].</ref>
* [[Ignaz Semmelweis]], the [[Empire of Austria (1804–1867)|Austrian]] physician famous for introducing the revolutionary practice of [[handwashing]] in medicine, was frequently called "Nazi" or "Semmel-Nazi" by his colleagues.<ref>[[Elias Haffter]] (1898).: ''Dr. L. Sonderegger: In seiner Selbstbiographie und seinen Briefen''. [[Frauenfeld]]: [[J. Huber Verlag]]. p. 23.</ref> This is reflected in the 1979 Hungarian drama [[Gyilkosok (1979)|''Gyilkosok'']] ("Murderers"), in which Semmelweis is referred to as ''Semmelnáci'' a total of 14 times.<ref>[[Száraz György|György Száraz]] (1979).: [https://www.ponticulus.hu/rovatok/hidverok/szaraz-gyilkosok.html#gsc.tab=0 ''Gyilkosok'']. [[Ponticulus Hungaricus]]. Retrieved 2025-10-30.</ref>
* In a 1907 eulogy to [[Ignaz Auer]] (a prominent [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic]] politician from [[Lower Bavaria]]), [[Eduard Bernstein]] affectionately refers to his deceased friend as "Nazi".<ref name=":0">[[Eduard Bernstein|Bernstein, Eduard]] (1907).: ''Ignaz Auer: Eine Gedenkschrift''. [[State of Berlin|Berlin]]: [[Buchhandlung Vorwärts]]. p. 6.</ref>
* The satirical magazine ''[[Kikeriki]]'', which was banned under [[Federal State of Austria (1934–1938)|the Austrofascist regime]] due to its links to the [[German National Socialist Workers' Party (Austria)|Austrian Nazi Party]], once told a short story called ''Der Kosename'' ("The Pet Name") about a married couple named Mr. Ignaz and Mrs. Klara. One day Ignaz headed off to work, forgetting to bring his eyeglasses with him. Klara, concerned, opened a window and shouted for her husband: "Nazi! Nazi! Nazi!", whereupon the man was promptly arrested as an [[enemy of the state]] (''staatsgefährliches Subjekt''; literally "state-dangerous subject").<ref>No author (1933-06-18).: [https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=kik&datum=19330618&seite=7&zoom=51 "Der Kosename."] ''Kikeriki''. Retrieved 2025-06-07.</ref>

Given the nickname's popularity in [[Southern Germany]], it was eventually picked up as a pejorative for Southerners, whom [[Northern Germany|Northern Germans]] often viewed as backwards, foolish, [[Conservatism|conservative]], and unsophisticated (comparable to "[[redneck]]" or "[[hillbilly]]" in [[English language|English]]). The [[National Socialist German Workers' Party|Nazi Party]] itself was founded in [[Munich]] and [[Adolf Hitler|its leader]] was an Austrian, which may have unintentionally played into this stereotype. This lead to ''Nazi'' gaining a negative connotation, which some sources claim is the reason why opponents of Nazism favoured the term.<ref>[https://www.etymonline.com/word/Nazi "Nazi"]. ''Etymonline''. Retrieved 2025-10-30.</ref> Additionally, as is much more well-known, the term '''''Na'''tionalso'''zi'''alist'' ('national socialist') could be shortened to ''Nazi'', just as ''[[Sozi]]'' (also derogatory) was a [[Clipping (morphology)|clipping]] of '''''Sozi'''alist'' ('socialist') or ''[[Kozi]]'' was a clipping of '''''Ko'''mmunist'' ('communist').

Classical Nazis almost always avoided the term ''Nazi'', instead favouring "national socialist". One notable exception is the title of [[Joseph Goebbels]]' 1926 pamphlet [[Der Nazi-Sozi|''Der Nazi-Sozi: Fragen und Antworten für den Nationalsozialisten'']] ("The Nazi-Sozi: Questions and Answers for National Socialists"), though the word is not used in the work itself. Hitler used the term "anti-Nazi" on one occasion in 1939 in reference to unfavourable coverage of national socialism in the international media, though likely in air-quotes as he immediately clarifies that opposition to Nazism is in reality opposition to Germany (at least in his mind).<ref><blockquote>''In the same speech Hitler said'': "Recently endeavours have been made to place broadcasting, also, in the service of this international campaign of hate [against Germany]. With regard to this, I wish to make the following warning public: If the broadcasts sent from certain countries to Germany do not cease we will soon answer to them.... I believe, as I always have done, that our work of enlightenment will be more effective than the campaign of lies of those Jews who stir up hatred between the peoples. Announcements by American film companies that they intend to produce anti-Nazi—that is, anti-German—films, can but induce us to produce anti-Semitic films in Germany...."</blockquote>[[Norman H. Baynes]] (1942).: ''The Speeches of Adolf Hitler: April 1922–August 1939''. Volume I. London: [[Oxford University Press]]. p. 742.</ref> Modern neo-Nazis continue to avoid the term due to the historical baggage associated with it, as [[World War II]] and the [[Holocaust]] are deeply embedded in the [[West|Western]] psyche today. Instead, they typically conceal their true beliefs in order to appeal to as wide a demographic as possible.

''Nazi'' was likewise intentionally eschewed in the [[Eastern Bloc]]. [[Communism|Communists]] view ''Nazi'' as a [[misnomer]] since, in all practical respects, [[Nazi Germany|Germany under national socialism]] was a [[Capitalism|capitalist]]-[[Imperialism|imperialist]] country. Therefore, in order to avoid any confusion and risk giving credence to the notion that the Nazis were authentic [[Socialism|socialists]], the terms "German fascism" and "Hitlerism" were favoured in its stead.

== See also ==

* [[German Reich (1933–1945)]]
* [[National Socialism]]
* [[National Socialist German Workers' Party]]
* [[Sozi]]

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Disambiguation pages]]

Nazi

2025-11-08T20:51:01Z

Literallywho Ingodsname:

'''''Nazi''''' (plural ''Nazis'') is a derogatory term for a supporter of [[national socialism]] (better known as ''Nazism''), a [[Fascism|fascist]] movement which emerged in [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]] during the [[interwar period]]. Post-[[Second World War|World War II]] adherence to Nazism is often called [[neo-Nazism]]. Someone who supported Nazism before 1945 and continued to adhere to Nazism even after the end of the Second World War is sometimes referred to as an "Old Nazi" (''Altnazi''). Nazis themselves tend to reject the label due to the negative connotation.

== Etymology and usage ==
The term ''Nazi'' was already in-use in [[German-speaking countries]] long before the national socialist movement arose. It is a diminutive of [[Ignaz|Igna[t]z]], the [[Germanisation|germanised]] version of the [[Latin]] [[given name]] [[Ignatius]],<ref>[[Karl Breul]] (1906).: ''Heath's German and English Dictionary.'' [[London]]: [[D. C. Heath and Company]]. p. 522.</ref> which was historically common in majority-[[Catholicism|Catholic]] regions such as [[Austria]], [[Bavaria]], and [[Bohemia]]. This is also present in the [[Hungarian language]] (which was heavily influenced by [[German language|German]] due to nearly four centuries of [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] rule), with the Hungarian form [[Ignác]] sometimes being shortened to ''Náci''. Examples of the word being used in this context include:

* The 1910 comedic novel [[Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise|''Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise'']] ("Nazi Semmelbacher's Honeymoon") by [[Anton Noder]] (writing under the [[pen name]] A. de Nora) follows Ignatius "Nazi" Semmelbacher, a municipal councillor and gingerbread baker who leaves behind his wife in [[Munich]] to travel to [[Venice]] with the poet Franz Paul Müller.<ref>A. de Nora (1910).: ''Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise''. [[Leipzig]]: [[L. Staackmann Verlag]].</ref>
* [[Ignaz Semmelweis]], the [[Empire of Austria (1804–1867)|Austrian]] physician famous for introducing the revolutionary practice of [[handwashing]] in medicine, was frequently called "Nazi" or "Semmel-Nazi" by his colleagues.<ref>[[Elias Haffter]] (1898).: ''Dr. L. Sonderegger: In seiner Selbstbiographie und seinen Briefen''. [[Frauenfeld]]: [[J. Huber Verlag]]. p. 23.</ref> This is reflected in the 1979 Hungarian drama [[Gyilkosok (1979)|''Gyilkosok'']] ("Murderers"), in which Semmelweis is referred to as ''Semmelnáci'' a total of 14 times.<ref>[[Száraz György|György Száraz]] (1979).: [https://www.ponticulus.hu/rovatok/hidverok/szaraz-gyilkosok.html#gsc.tab=0 ''Gyilkosok'']. [[Ponticulus Hungaricus]]. Retrieved 2025-10-30.</ref>
* In a 1907 eulogy to [[Ignaz Auer]] (a prominent [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic]] politician from [[Lower Bavaria]]), [[Eduard Bernstein]] affectionately refers to his deceased friend as "Nazi".<ref name=":0">[[Eduard Bernstein|Bernstein, Eduard]] (1907).: ''Ignaz Auer: Eine Gedenkschrift''. [[State of Berlin|Berlin]]: [[Buchhandlung Vorwärts]]. p. 6.</ref>
* The satirical magazine ''[[Kikeriki]]'', which was banned under [[Federal State of Austria (1934–1938)|the Austrofascist regime]] due to its links to the [[German National Socialist Workers' Party (Austria)|Austrian Nazi Party]], once told a short story called ''Der Kosename'' ("The Pet Name") about a married couple named Mr. Ignaz and Mrs. Klara. One day Ignaz headed off to work, forgetting to bring his eyeglasses with him. Klara, concerned, opened a window and shouted for her husband: "Nazi! Nazi! Nazi!", whereupon the man was promptly arrested as an [[enemy of the state]] (''staatsgefährliches Subjekt''; literally "state-dangerous subject").<ref>No author (1933-06-18).: [https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=kik&datum=19330618&seite=7&zoom=51 "Der Kosename."] ''Kikeriki''. Retrieved 2025-06-07.</ref>

Given the nickname's popularity in [[Southern Germany]], it was eventually picked up as a pejorative for Southerners, whom [[Northern Germany|Northern Germans]] often viewed as backwards, foolish, [[Conservatism|conservative]], and unsophisticated (comparable to "[[redneck]]" or "[[hillbilly]]" in [[English language|English]]). The [[National Socialist German Workers' Party|Nazi Party]] itself was founded in [[Munich]] and [[Adolf Hitler|its leader]] was an Austrian, which may have unintentionally played into this stereotype. This lead to ''Nazi'' gaining a negative connotation, which some sources claim is the reason why opponents of Nazism favoured the term.<ref>[https://www.etymonline.com/word/Nazi "Nazi"]. ''Etymonline''. Retrieved 2025-10-30.</ref> Additionally, as is much more well-known, the term '''''Na'''tionalso'''zi'''alist'' ('national socialist') could be shortened to ''Nazi'', just as ''[[Sozi]]'' (also derogatory) was a [[Clipping (morphology)|clipping]] of '''''Sozi'''alist'' ('socialist') or ''[[Kozi]]'' was a clipping of '''''Ko'''mmunist'' ('communist').

Classical Nazis almost always avoided the term ''Nazi'', instead favouring "national socialist". One notable exception is the title of [[Joseph Goebbels]]' 1926 pamphlet [[Der Nazi-Sozi|''Der Nazi-Sozi: Fragen und Antworten für den Nationalsozialisten'']] ("The Nazi-Sozi: Questions and Answers for National Socialists"), though the word is not used in the work itself. Hitler used the term "anti-Nazi" on one occasion in 1939 in reference to unfavourable coverage of national socialism in the international media, though likely in air-quotes as he immediately clarifies that opposition to Nazism is in reality opposition to Germany (at least in his mind).<ref><blockquote>''In the same speech Hitler said'': "Recently endeavours have been made to place broadcasting, also, in the service of this international campaign of hate [against Germany]. With regard to this, I wish to make the following warning public: If the broadcasts sent from certain countries to Germany do not cease we will soon answer to them.... I believe, as I always have done, that our work of enlightenment will be more effective than the campaign of lies of those Jews who stir up hatred between the peoples. Announcements by American film companies that they intend to produce anti-Nazi—that is, anti-German—films, can but induce us to produce anti-Semitic films in Germany...."</blockquote>[[Norman H. Baynes]] (1942).: ''The Speeches of Adolf Hitler: April 1922–August 1939''. Volume I. London: [[Oxford University Press]]. p. 742.</ref> Modern neo-Nazis continue to avoid the term due to the historical baggage associated with it, as [[World War II]] and the [[Holocaust]] are deeply embedded in the [[West|Western]] psyche today. Instead, they typically conceal their true beliefs in order to appeal to as wide a demographic as possible.

''Nazi'' was likewise intentionally eschewed in the [[Eastern Bloc]]. [[Communism|Communists]] view ''Nazi'' as a [[misnomer]] since, in all practical respects, [[Nazi Germany|Germany under national socialism]] was a [[Capitalism|capitalist]]-[[Imperialism|imperialist]] country. Therefore, in order to avoid any confusion and risk giving credence to the notion that the Nazis were authentic [[Socialism|socialists]], the terms "German fascism" and "Hitlerism" were favoured in its stead.

== See also ==

* [[German Reich (1933–1945)]]
* [[National Socialism]]
* [[National Socialist German Workers' Party]]
* [[Sozi]]

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Disambiguation pages]]

Nazi

2025-11-08T20:38:18Z

Literallywho Ingodsname:

'''''Nazi''''' (plural ''Nazis'') is a derogatory term for a supporter of [[national socialism]] (better known as ''Nazism''), a [[Fascism|fascist]] movement which emerged in [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]] during the [[interwar period]]. Post-[[Second World War|World War II]] adherence to Nazism is often called [[neo-Nazism]]. Someone who supported Nazism before 1945 and continued to adhere to Nazism even after the end of the Second World War is sometimes referred to as an "Old Nazi" (''Altnazi''). Nazis themselves tend to reject the label due to the negative connotation.

== Etymology and usage ==
The term ''Nazi'' was already in-use in [[German-speaking countries]] long before the national socialist movement arose. It is a diminutive of [[Ignaz|Igna[t]z]], the [[Germanisation|germanised]] version of the [[Latin]] [[given name]] [[Ignatius]],<ref>[[Karl Breul]] (1906).: ''Heath's German and English Dictionary.'' [[London]]: [[D. C. Heath and Company]]. p. 522.</ref> which was historically common in majority-[[Catholicism|Catholic]] regions such as [[Austria]], [[Bavaria]], and [[Bohemia]]. This is also present in the [[Hungarian language]] (which was heavily influenced by [[German language|German]] due to nearly four centuries of [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] rule), with the Hungarian form [[Ignác]] sometimes being shortened to ''Náci''. Examples of the word being used in this context include:

* The 1910 comedic novel [[Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise|''Nazi Semmelbachers Hochzeitsreise'']] by [[Anton Noder]] (under the [[pen name]] A. de Nora) follows Ignatius "Nazi" Semmelbacher, a municipal councillor and gingerbread baker who leaves behind his wife in [[Munich]] to travel to [[Venice]] with the poet Franz Paul Müller.
* [[Ignaz Semmelweis]], the [[Empire of Austria (1804–1867)|Austrian]] physician famous for introducing the revolutionary practice of [[handwashing]] in medicine, was frequently called "Nazi" or "Semmel-Nazi" by his colleagues.<ref>[[Elias Haffter]] (1898).: ''Dr. L. Sonderegger: In seiner Selbstbiographie und seinen Briefen''. [[Frauenfeld]]: [[J. Huber Verlag]]. p. 23.</ref> This is reflected in the 1979 Hungarian drama [[Gyilkosok (1979)|''Gyilkosok'']] ("Murderers"), in which Semmelweis is referred to as ''Semmelnáci'' a total of 14 times.<ref>[[Száraz György|György Száraz]] (1979).: [https://www.ponticulus.hu/rovatok/hidverok/szaraz-gyilkosok.html#gsc.tab=0 ''Gyilkosok'']. [[Ponticulus Hungaricus]]. Retrieved 2025-10-30.</ref>
* In a 1907 eulogy to [[Ignaz Auer]] (a prominent [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic]] politician from [[Lower Bavaria]]), [[Eduard Bernstein]] affectionately refers to his deceased friend as "Nazi".<ref name=":0">[[Eduard Bernstein|Bernstein, Eduard]] (1907).: ''Ignaz Auer: Eine Gedenkschrift''.[[State of Berlin|Berlin]]: [[Buchhandlung Vorwärts]]. p. 6.</ref>
* The satirical magazine ''[[Kikeriki]]'', which was banned under [[Federal State of Austria (1934–1938)|the Austrofascist regime]] due to its links to the [[German National Socialist Workers' Party (Austria)|Austrian Nazi Party]], once told a short story called ''Der Kosename'' ("The Pet Name") about a married couple named Mr. Ignaz and Mrs. Klara. One day Ignaz headed off to work, forgetting to bring his eyeglasses with him. Klara, concerned, opened a window and shouted for her husband: "Nazi! Nazi! Nazi!", whereupon the man was promptly arrested as an [[enemy of the state]] (''staatsgefährliches Subjekt''; literally "state-dangerous subject").<ref>No author (1933-06-18).: [https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=kik&datum=19330618&seite=7&zoom=51 "Der Kosename."] ''Kikeriki''. Retrieved 2025-06-07.</ref>

Given the nickname's popularity in [[Southern Germany]], it was eventually picked up as a pejorative for Southerners, whom [[Northern Germany|Northern Germans]] often viewed as backwards, foolish, [[Conservatism|conservative]], and unsophisticated (comparable to "[[redneck]]" or "[[hillbilly]]" in [[English language|English]]). The [[National Socialist German Workers' Party|Nazi Party]] itself was founded in [[Munich]] and [[Adolf Hitler|its leader]] was an Austrian, which may have unintentionally played into this stereotype. This lead to ''Nazi'' gaining a negative connotation, which some sources claim is the reason why opponents of Nazism favoured the term.<ref>[https://www.etymonline.com/word/Nazi "Nazi"]. ''Etymonline''. Retrieved 2025-10-30.</ref> Additionally, as is much more well-known, the term '''''Na'''tionalso'''zi'''alist'' ('national socialist') could be shortened to ''Nazi'', just as ''[[Sozi]]'' (also derogatory) was a [[Clipping (morphology)|clipping]] of '''''Sozi'''alist'' ('socialist') or ''[[Kozi]]'' was a clipping of '''''Ko'''mmunist'' ('communist').

Classical Nazis almost always avoided the term ''Nazi'', instead favouring "national socialist". One notable exception is the title of [[Joseph Goebbels]]' 1926 pamphlet [[Der Nazi-Sozi|''Der Nazi-Sozi: Fragen und Antworten für den Nationalsozialisten'']] ("The Nazi-Sozi: Questions and Answers for National Socialists"), though the word is not used in the work itself. Hitler used the term "anti-Nazi" on one occasion in 1939 in reference to unfavourable coverage of national socialism in the international media, though likely in air-quotes as he immediately clarifies that opposition to Nazism is in reality opposition to Germany (at least in his mind).<ref><blockquote>''In the same speech Hitler said'': "Recently endeavours have been made to place broadcasting, also, in the service of this international campaign of hate [against Germany]. With regard to this, I wish to make the following warning public: If the broadcasts sent from certain countries to Germany do not cease we will soon answer to them.... I believe, as I always have done, that our work of enlightenment will be more effective than the campaign of lies of those Jews who stir up hatred between the peoples. Announcements by American film companies that they intend to produce anti-Nazi—that is, anti-German—films, can but induce us to produce anti-Semitic films in Germany...."</blockquote>[[Norman H. Baynes]] (1942).: ''The Speeches of Adolf Hitler: April 1922–August 1939''. Volume I. London: [[Oxford University Press]]. p. 742.</ref> Modern neo-Nazis continue to avoid the term due to the historical baggage associated with it, as [[World War II]] and the [[Holocaust]] are deeply embedded in the [[West|Western]] psyche today. Instead, they typically conceal their true beliefs in order to appeal to as wide a demographic as possible.

''Nazi'' was likewise intentionally eschewed in the [[Eastern Bloc]]. [[Communism|Communists]] view ''Nazi'' as a [[misnomer]] since, in all practical respects, [[Nazi Germany|Germany under national socialism]] was a [[Capitalism|capitalist]]-[[Imperialism|imperialist]] country. Therefore, in order to avoid any confusion and risk giving credence to the notion that the Nazis were authentic [[Socialism|socialists]], the terms "German fascism" and "Hitlerism" were favoured in its stead.

== See also ==

* [[German Reich (1933–1945)]]
* [[National Socialism]]
* [[National Socialist German Workers' Party]]
* [[Sozi]]

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Disambiguation pages]]

Harpal Brar

2025-11-07T18:18:09Z

Literallywho Ingodsname:

{{Infobox politician|name=Harpal Brar|political_party=[[CPGB-ML]]|image=14913370281 678c9e814a c.jpg|birth_date=5 October 1939|birth_place=Muktsar, Punjab Province, [[British India]]|death_date=25 January 2025 (aged 85)|death_place=Mohali, Punjab, [[India]]}}

'''Harpal Brar''' (October 5, 1939 – January 25, 2025) was an [[India|Indian]] and [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|British]] [[communist]] politician, writer and businessman. He was the founder and chairman of the [[Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist)]] (CPGB-ML), a role he stepped down from in 2018.

Born in [[Muktsar]], [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj (1868–1947)|British India]], Brar lived and worked in Britain since 1962, first as a student, then as a lecturer in law at [[University of Westminster|Harrow College of Higher Education]] (later merged into the renamed [[University of Westminster]]), and later in the textile business. Brar owned buildings in West London which he used for CPGB-ML party activity, and he part-owned an internet shop called "Madeleine Trehearne and Harpal Brar" which sells shawls.

Brar was the editor of the [[left-wing]] political newspaper ''[[Lalkar]]'', the former journal of the [[Indian Workers' Association]]. Brar wrote multiple books on subjects such as [[communism]], Indian [[republicanism]], [[imperialism]], [[anti-Zionism]], [[anti-colonialism]], and the [[British General Strike]]. He was also a co-founder of the [[Hands Off China (Campaign)|Hands off China campaign]].

== Views on China ==
On 19 July 2008, Harpal Brar was one of the people who founded the Hands off China campaign, dedicated to defending the [[People's Republic of China]] and to defending "China's sovereignty and territorial integrity" and "the country's just stance on issues of its vital national interest such as [[Taiwan]] and [[Tibet]]."<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Xinhua|title=Britain's Communist Party launches "Hands-Off-China" campaign|date=2008-07-20|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114034845/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-07/20/content_8576443.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114034845/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-07/20/content_8576443.htm|archive-date=2016-01-14}}</ref>

== Works<ref>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1045109.Harpal_Brar</ref> ==

* ''Inquilab Zindabad, India's Liberation Struggle (2014)''
* ''Revisionism and the Demise of the USSR''
* ''The 1926 British General Strike''
* ''Nato's Predatory War Against Yugoslavia''
* ''Imperialism and War''
* ''Imperialism – the Eve of the Social Revolution of the Proletariat''
* ''Chimurenga! The Liberation Struggle in Zimbabwe''
* ''Imperialism – Decadent, Parasitic, Moribund Capitalism''
* ''Bourgeois Nationalism or Proletarian Internationalism?''
* ''Perestroika: The Complete Collapse of Revisionism'' (1992)
* ''Trotskyism or Leninism?'' (1993)
* ''Social Democracy: The Enemy Within'' (1995)

== References ==
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:British communists]]
[[Category:Communists]]

Charlie Kirk

2025-11-06T15:59:25Z

Literallywho Ingodsname:

{{Stub}}{{Infobox politician|name=Charles James Kirk|birth_date=14 October 1993|birth_place=[[Arlington Heights (Illinois)|Arlington Heights]], [[State of Illinois|Illinois]], [[United States of America|U.S.]]|death_date=10 September 2025 (aged 31)|death_place=[[Orem (Utah)|Orem]], [[State of Utah|Utah]], U.S.|death_cause=[[Assassination of Charlie Kirk|Assassination by gunshot]]|nationality=Statesian|political_orientation=[[Christian nationalism]] [[Neo-fascism]] [[MAGA movement|Trumpism]]|political_party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]|image=Charlie Kirk.jpg}}

'''Charles James Kirk''' (14 October 1993 in [[Arlington Heights (Illinois)|Arlington Heights]], [[State of Illinois|Illinois]] – 10 September 2025 in [[Orem (Utah)|Orem]], [[State of Utah|Utah]]) was a Statesian [[Conservatism|conservative]] author, [[Podcast|podcaster]], and political [[Activism|activist]] who co-founded and directed the student organisation [[Turning Point USA]] (TPUSA) from 2012 until [[Assassination of Charlie Kirk|his assassination in 2025]].
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Category:2025 deaths

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Category:1939 deaths

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Category:Deaths by year

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Category:Statesians of Welsh descent

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Guido Fawkes

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Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist

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#REDIRECT [[Ewald von Kleist (field marshal)]]

Reichsheini

2025-11-04T14:20:18Z

Literallywho Ingodsname: Redirected page to Heinrich Himmler