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Bundism

2026-08-26T21:38:51Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: added sources!!!! plz don't delete!!!

[[File:Bundist demonstration.jpg|thumb|Bundist Demonstration in Russia, 1917]]
Bundism is an [[ideology]] or ideological component within [[Marxism|socialist]] theory which emerged as a resolution to the "[[Jewish Question]]" which seeks to promote local [[Jewish Peoples|Jewish]] life and Community, and actively opposes [[Zionism]].<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=Alina Cała, Gabriela Zalewska|newspaper=Virtual Shtetl|title=Bund|date=N/A|url=https://sztetl.org.pl/en/glossary/bund|quote=}}</ref> It promotes the concept of '''Doikayt''' (often translated as "Here-ness" or "At-homeness") meaning: wherever they live, Jews have a right to live and organise. Another concept is '''Autonomism''', this refers to the broader Bundist goal of achieving Jewish national-cultural autonomy in the diaspora, of which '''Doikayt''' was a central principle. An aspect of early Bundism was Yiddishism, which is the establishment and promotion of Yiddish secular culture.<ref>{{Web citation|author=EHRI Partner|newspaper=EHRI|title=Algemeyner Yidisher Arbeter Bund in Lite, Poyln un Rusland|date=2016-xx-xx|url=https://portal.ehri-project.eu/virtual/be-ara-b-b-1-algemeyner-yidisher-arbeter-bund-in-lite-poyln-un-rusland}}</ref>

== History ==

=== General Jewish Labour Bund ===
The General Jewish Labour Bund was the primary driver of Bundism in history, especially during the late 19th and early 20th century, it was illegally formed in Vilnus in the Russian empire at the time on October 7th, 1897.<ref name=":0" /> It was formed as a response to the rise of institutional antisemitism following the assassination of Tsar Alexander II, including waves of violent pogroms and decrees spurred on by the May laws, which established racial segregation against Jews<ref>{{Web citation|author=Herman Rosenthal|newspaper=Jewish Encyclopedia|title=MAY LAWS|date=N/A|url=https://jewishencyclopedia.herokuapp.com/articles/10508-may-laws#1|quote=" (1) As a temporary measure, and until a general revision is made of their legal status, it is decreed that the Jews be forbidden to settle anew outside, of towns and boroughs, exceptions being admitted only in the case of existing Jewish agricultural colonies.
" (2) Temporarily forbidden are the issuing of mortgages and other deeds to Jews, as well as the registration of Jews as lessees of real property situated outside of towns and boroughs; and also the issuing to Jews of powers of attorney to manage and dispose of such real property.
" (3) Jews are forbidden to transact business on Sundays and on the principal Christian holy days; the existing regulations concerning the closing of places of business belonging to Christians on such days to apply to Jews also.
" (4) The measures laid down in paragraphs 1, 2, and 3 shall apply only to the governments within the Pale of Jewish Settlement [that is, they shall not apply to the ten governments of Poland]."}}</ref>

The original GJLB promoted and established the core concepts of early bundism, namely Marxism, Autonomism, [[Anti-Zionism]] and Yiddishism. The Bund played an important role in the organization of the Jewish-Russian [[proletariat]] and organizing large [[Strike action|labor strikes]]. It was an autonomous part of the [[Russian Social Democratic Labor Party|Russian Social Democratic Labour Party]] from 1898 to 1903 upon which they left the RSDLP over disputes regarding their autonomous status within the party after the second congress.<ref>{{Citation|last=Lenin|first=Vladimir|author=Vladimir Lenin|year=1903|title=Second Congress of the R.S.D.L.P.|title-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1903/2ndcong/8.htm#v06zz99h-479#1|quote=The Congress considers the refusal of the Bund delegates to submit to the decision adopted by the majority of the Congress as the Bund’s withdrawal from the R.S.D.L.P.}}</ref> Bundists actively organized self-defense units to protect Jewish communities from pogroms.<ref>{{Citation|last=Englert|first=Sai|author=Sai Englert|year=2012|title=The rise and fall of the Jewish Labour Bund|title-url=https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/isj2/2012/isj2-135/englert.htm#f28|chapter=Tried in the fire of the dress rehearsal|quote=It is difficult to judge the precise effectiveness of the Bund’s action. It is, however, safe to say that it put itself at the centre of the revolution and was largely recognised for it. Between January 1905 and October 1906 its membership exploded to between 33,000 and 40,000. In the city of Lodz for example, an industrial centre of the Pale where 29.4 percent of the population was Jewish, it rocketed from 100 to 1,600 members. It organised student groups in the gymnasiums and universities, and built nine trade unions, which organised about 3,500 workers. The Bund’s self-defence squads broke up three attempts at organising pogroms between 1905 and 1906.}}</ref>

=== WW1 and the Establishment of the Polish Bund ===
With [[Republic of Poland|Poland]] under [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German]] occupation, communication between the broader Bund and the Polish section broke off, and eventually the Polish Bund started acting as a de-facto independent force. This was formalized in December 1917, when Polish Bundists held a clandestine meeting in Lublin and reconstituted themselves as a separate political party. This created the independent General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland, which would become a major force in the interwar period.<ref name=":0" />

This organisation fell largely under the influence of the Social-Democratic model of leaders like Henryk Erlich and Wiktor Alter. They firmly rejected the bolsheviks during this period.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Erlich-Alter Case|newspaper=Guide to the YIVO archives|title=Erlich-Alter Case|url=https://archives.yivo.org/index.php?p=collections/controlcard&id=34162|quote=Henryk Erlich (1882-1942) and Wiktor Alter (1890-1943) were Jewish Bundist leaders in Poland, prior to the outbreak of World War II.}}</ref>

=== The Russian Revolution and the Internal Split of the Bund ===
The Bund initially opposed the Bolshevik Revolution, instead advocating reformism, however pogroms driven and perpetrated by the White Army pushed many Bundists towards the Bolshevik cause<ref name=":1">{{Citation|last=Sloin|first=Andrew|author=Andrew Sloin|year=2017|title=THE JEWISH REVOLUTION IN BELORUSSIA Economy, Race, and Bolshevik Power|title-url=https://ia801406.us.archive.org/24/items/sloin-andrew-j-the-jewish-revolution-in-belorussia-economy-race/Sloin%2C_Andrew_j_The_Jewish_Revolution_in_Belorussia_Economy%2C_Race.pdf|chapter=The Jewish Revolution in Belorussia|page=10|quote=}}</ref>, this first cumulated in the Ukrainian split, where a portion of the Ukrainian section of the Bund, comprised of bolsheviks and other pro-bolshevik revolutionaries, left to form the Kombund (''Komunistisher bund'') in March of 1919.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Matityahu Mintz|newspaper=YIVO Encyclopedia|title=Komfarband|url=https://encyclopedia.yivo.org/article/125}}</ref> This then finally climaxed with the complete split of the Bund proper in April 1920, between the Communist faction and the [[Reformism|Social Democratic]] faction.<ref name=":1" />

=== The Polish Bund in the Interwar Period ===
The Polish Bund was comprised of a large network of Jewish trade unions, which formed the base of their real power, and allowed them to achieve reform through strikes. It was a major force in Jewish municipal politics and a member of the Labour and Socialist International. The Polish Bund Established a form of yiddishist cultural dual-power, which culminated in the Central Yiddish School Organisation (TSYSHO). This network provided secular education in Yiddish for Jewish children across Poland, with the Bund as its most influential force.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Yuu Nishimura|newspaper=Taylor & Francis Online|title=On the cultural front: the Bund and the Yiddish secular school movement in interwar Poland|date=2014-01-15|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13501674.2013.852805}}</ref>

In response to the 1936 Przytyk pogrom, the Bund called a general strike that was widely observed by Jewish and Polish workers alike.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Jewish Virtual Library|title=Przytyk, Poland|url=https://jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0016_0_16158.html}}</ref>

=== WW2 and the Holocaust ===
Following the Nazi invasion of Poland and the establishment of formal Jewish ghettos, forcing the Bund into Clandestinity, Its activists organized educational activities, published underground newsletters, and maintained contact with the Polish underground and the Polish government-in-exile in London.<ref>{{Citation|title=Scream the truth at the world|title-url=https://vhec.org/wp-content/uploads/ringelblum_teachersguide.pdf#3#3|chapter=Warsaw Ghetto Timeline|page=29|quote=Clandestine educational activities are organized at public soup kitchens for children.
Religious and secular studies are offered.}}</ref>

Bundists played a central role in the Jewish armed resistance. They were key participants in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943, forming their own effective fighting units. Marek Edelman, a Bundist leader, was one of the key commanders of the uprising.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Dr. Michał Grochowski|newspaper=Warsaw Ghetto Museum|title=Arming the Ghetto Insurgents|date=2025-04-23|url=https://1943.pl/en/felietony-historyczne/uzbrojenie-powstancow-w-getcie/|quote=Marek Edelman, commander of the ŻOB units in the area of the brush factory, reported that each pistol had an average of 10-15 rounds.}}</ref>

Shmuel Mordkhe Zygielbojm, the Bund's representative on the Polish National Council in London, became a tragic symbol of the Bund's fate. Unable to persuade the Allied governments to act to save European Jewry, he committed suicide in May 1943 in protest against the world's inaction.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Yiddishkayt|title=Szmul Zygielbojm|url=https://yiddishkayt.org/view/zygielbojm/|quote=On May 12, 1943, Szmuel Zygielbojm — in utter despair upon receiving the news of the complete destruction of the Warsaw ghetto, in protest at the passivity with which the world was reacting in the face of the ongoing genocide, and in an act of unimaginable solidarity — killed himself by gas in his London apartment.}}</ref>

=== Modern Bundist Revival ===
After the second world war, Bundist groups began to reemerge across the world among the diaspora, though these remain small and fractured even today, they form an important part of the international anti-Zionist movement.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Joseph Mogul|newspaper=https://progressive.org/latest/the-bund-is-back-mogul-20260331/|title=The Bund Is Back|date=2026-03-31|url=https://progressive.org/latest/the-bund-is-back-mogul-20260331/}}</ref>

== References ==

Topic:Zjx1odh39ncwou70

2026-08-26T20:13:52Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC (talk | contribs) commented on "Bundism" (yeah, gimme a hot minute, sorry, I was sorta in a flow state and I didn't realise I wasn't actually providing the sources lol)

Bundism

2026-08-19T01:15:14Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: made a page, god that last section on the history was hard, the scars run deep and may never heal

File:Bundist demonstration.jpg

2026-08-19T01:10:32Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC:

Zionism

2026-08-18T23:59:02Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: changed the hyperlink of "Jews" from Judaism to Jewish Peoples to more accurately reflect the Zionist position (it is not a religious project!!)

[[File:Zionist Nazis.png|thumb|Zionism shares many similarities with Nazism and seeks to settler-colonize lands for the benefit of its "master race"]]
'''Zionism'''<ref group="lower-alpha">Calqued from the [[German language|German]] ''Zionismus''. ''[[Zion]]'' ([[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] ''צִיּוֹן'' ; [[Romanisation of hebrew|romanised]] ''tsiyón'') + ''-ism''.</ref> is a [[Racism|racial supremacist]], [[Ethnonationalism|ethno-nationalist]], and [[Settler colonialism|settler colonial]] ideology which asserts that [[Jewish Peoples|Jews]] are a [[nation]] and calls for the existence of a Jewish [[ethnostate]]. The Zionist movement first emerged in the late-[[19th Century]] in response to [[antisemitism]], which was particularly prevalent in [[Europe]]. Zionists made attempts to set up a Jewish state in many places, perhaps most infamously in [[East Africa Protectorate (1895–1920)|British East Africa]] (see the [[Uganda Scheme]]), but they ultimately settled on the [[Levant]] due to its historical and religious significance as the place of origin of the Jewish religion.

On 14 May 1948, the [[Palestine (1920–1948)|British Mandate of Palestine]] under the [[League of Nations]] was terminated. That same day, the so-called "[[State of Israel]]" [[Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel|declared its independence]], claiming 56% of the territory of Palestine as its own. The Zionist Entity waged [[1948 Arab–Israeli war|a genocidal war]] against the native [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] population, and three-quarters of the indigenous population (around 750,000 people) were expelled from or made to flee their homes in an event known as the [[Nakba]]. Those very same Palestinians along with their descendents are denied to this day the [[Palestinian right of return|right of return]] to the land which was stolen from them and settled on by Jewish colonists, and Palestinians experience [[segregation]] and [[discrimination]] in the [[Gaza Strip]], the [[West Bank]], and "Israel" proper.

Many Jewish people oppose Zionism, and 38% of [[United States of America|Statesian]] Jews under 40 years old acknowledge that the [[State of Israel|Zionist Entity]] is an [[apartheid]] state.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Philip Weiss|newspaper=Mondoweiss|title=Israel heads further right: 30-40 percent of young support fascistic Jewish party|date=2022-08-10|url=https://mondoweiss.net/2022/08/israel-heads-further-right-30-40-percent-of-young-support-fascistic-jewish-party/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811065925/https://mondoweiss.net/2022/08/israel-heads-further-right-30-40-percent-of-young-support-fascistic-jewish-party/|archive-date=2022-08-11|retrieved=2022-08-12}}</ref> Orthodox Jews also consider Zionism a severe violation of Jewish law.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[MintPress News]]|title=The Government of Israel Has a Very Serious Antisemitism Problem|date=2020-02-21|url=https://www.mintpressnews.com/government-israel-antisemitism-problem/265057/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912185322/https://www.mintpressnews.com/government-israel-antisemitism-problem/265057/|archive-date=2022-09-12|retrieved=2022-10-25}}</ref> In absolute numbers, most zionists in the world are [[Christianity|Christians]], with over 20 million Christian zionists in the United States alone.<ref>https://jewitches.com/blogs/blog/christian-zionism-101</ref> The largest Zionist organization in the U.S. is [[Christians United for Israel]], which has 7-10 million Christian members.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Whitney Webb|newspaper=[[MintPress News]]|title=The Untold Story of Christian Zionism's Rise to Power in the United States|date=2019-07-12|url=https://www.mintpressnews.com/untold-story-christian-zionists-power-united-states-israel/260532/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615155410/https://www.mintpressnews.com/untold-story-christian-zionists-power-united-states-israel/260532/|archive-date=2022-06-15|retrieved=2022-09-17}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Early Zionism ===
Before being adopted by Jews, Zionism was first proposed by European Christians. In the 16th century, [[Kingdom of England (927–1707)|English]] clergyman [[Thomas Brightman]] proposed that the Jewish diaspora return to [[Jerusalem]]. In the late 18th century, [[Austria|Austrian]] field marshal Charles-Joseph of Ligne said that the Jews should be returned to their homeland.

Zionism became more popular among Jewish people in the 19th century due to increased antisemitism in Europe and [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russia]]. In 1897, [[Theodor Herzl]] founded the [[World Zionist Organization]]. At the end of the [[First World War]], the [[British]] claimed former [[Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)|Ottoman]] territories, including [[Palestine]]. Evangelical Protestants encouraged Jews to leave Europe and settler migration into Palestine began. During this period, Zionists collaborated extensively with the [[Nazi|Nazis]], who shared their goal of removing Jewish people from Europe.<ref>{{Citation|author=Faris Yahya|year=1978|title=Zionist Relations with Nazi Germany|pdf=https://michaelharrison.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Zionist-Relations-with-Nazi-Germany-Faris-Yahya-PSR-Beirut-1978.pdf|city=Beirut|publisher=Palestine Research Center|series=Palestine Essays|volume=47}}</ref> From 1936 to 1939, Arabs revolted against the British and the settlers. In 1939, the British restricted further Jewish immigration into Palestine. In 1947, the [[United Nations]] created a plan to partition Palestine into two independent states with a neutral Jerusalem.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=Deconstructing and debunking Zionism|date=2019-11-20|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/deconstructing-and-debunking-zionism-4a3f60625d9a|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621235056/https://linestruggle.medium.com/deconstructing-and-debunking-zionism-4a3f60625d9a|archive-date=2021-06-21|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref>

=== Establishment of the Zionist Entity ===
[[File:Colonization of Palestine.png|thumb|Colonisation of Palestine from 1947 to 2005]]
Zionists started a war against Palestinians in 1947 and the [[State of Israel|State of "Israel"]] was established in 1948. The Zionist Entity expelled 700,000 Palestinians from their land in an event known as the [[Nakba]].<ref name=":0" />

== Other proposed Jewish states ==
From 1658 to 1666, a Jewish colony existed in [[Colony of Surinam (1650–1667)|English Guiana]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Samuel Oppenheim|title=An Early Jewish Colony in Western Guiana, 1658-1666|title-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43059606?seq=1|page=95|publisher=American Jewish Historical Society}}</ref> In 1825, Mordecai Manuel Noah founded a Jewish city on Grand Island, New York. It never succeeded and the island was sold to a timber investor in 1833.<ref>{{News citation|author=Michael Feldberg|newspaper=My Jewish Learning|title=Mordecai Manuel Noah|url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/mordecai-manuel-noah/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624155437/https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/mordecai-manuel-noah/|archive-date=2022-06-24|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref> In 1903, Theodor Herzl proposed the creation of a Jewish state in [[East Africa Protectorate (1895–1920)|British East Africa]] in what is now [[Republic of Kenya|Kenya]].<ref>{{News citation|author=Alona Ferber|newspaper=Haaretz|title=1903: Herzl Proposes Kenya (Not Uganda) as a Safe Haven for the Jews|date=2015-08-15|url=https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/1903-herzl-proposes-kenya-as-jewish-home-1.5391077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408053352/https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/1903-herzl-proposes-kenya-as-jewish-home-1.5391077|archive-date=2022-04-08|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref> In the [[Russian Far East]], the [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]] was established in 1934 to the south of what is today [[Khabarovskiy Kray]], and it continues to exist as [[Russian Federation|Russia]]'s only [[autonomous oblast]].

== UN Resolution 3379 ==
On 10 November 1975, the [[United Nations]] General Assembly passed a resolution declaring Zionism to be a form of racism and racial discrimination. It passed with 72 votes for, 32 against, and 35 abstentions.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=United Nations Bibliographical Information System|title=Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination|date=1975-11-10|url=http://unbisnet.un.org:8080/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=108V0691N26Y9.82&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=50&ipp=20&profile=voting&ri=&index=.VM&term=A/RES/3379(XXX)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116112214/http://unbisnet.un.org:8080/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=108V0691N26Y9.82&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=50&ipp=20&profile=voting&ri=&index=.VM&term=A/RES/3379(XXX)|archive-date=2013-01-16|retrieved=2022-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=United Nations Digital Library|title=Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination|date=1975-11-10|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/189598|retrieved=2023-11-20}}</ref>

On 16 December 1991, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution revoking the determination contained in resolution 3379, with 111 votes for, 25 against, and 13 abstentions.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=United Nations Digital Library|title=Elimination of racism and racial discrimination|date=1991-12-16|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/135193|retrieved=2023-11-20}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Lebensraum]]
* [[Manifest Destiny]]
* [[Ethno-nationalism]]

== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />

== References ==

[[Category:Zionism]]
<references />

Essay:Crisis Points and why Worse Conditions don't Magically Create Revolution

2026-08-18T23:51:38Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: added section expounding stuff

{{Infobox essay|title=Crisis Points and why Worse Conditions don't Magically Create Revolution|author=Local Gay Communist - LGC|date=2026-05-07|excerpt=This essay exists to clarify the nature of crisis and to demystify them away from idealist conceptions of "natural radicalization".}}

This essay exists to clarify the nature of crisis and to demystify them away from idealist conceptions of "natural radicalization".

=== What is a crisis point? ===
A crisis point is a historical phase wherein a chain of events causes a rupture in the material conditions in which the proletariat exists.

This can be for instance:

* War
* Famine
* Financial crisis
* Political crisis
* Domestic unrest/terror
* Global collapse of a world order
* Annexation
* etc.

All of these events create fundamental shifts in the material conditions of the effected proletariat (or more broadly the local laboring classes).

These shifts have a tendency to present as:

* Mass inflation
* A disorganizing of productive forces (i.e through physical destruction of MoP or mass killing of the proletariat, etc.)
* A rapid shift in the availability of certain commodities (shortage of oil or food, etc.)
* The rapid degradation of the use-value of certain commodities (dirty water, moldy food, low quality oil, etc.)

Important to note is that the intensity of a crisis point is largely related to the vitality of the productive forces or commodities affected and the value placed on them by the dominant culture (i.e a shortage of consumer gaming consoles has generally less of an impact than, say, a shortage of clean drinking water.)

A crisis is, as it relates to praxis & theory, an undefined vector of social movement, it broadly causes rapid social movement, but in a disorganized form, a crisis has no inherent ideology, it is as it first appears, a material shift which causes a rupture in the ideological status quo, a vacuum, of sorts.

=== The nature of crisis points in their relation to praxis ===
It is simultaneously the case that crisis points lack a direction, and that crisis points affect social movement, how then, does this contradiction resolve?

The crisis point is given a value via a mechanistic intervention of ideology. For instance, a fascist can take a crisis in the labor market as an opportunity to spread lies about migrant labor, or elite conspiracy, while a communist might take that same crisis and point to it's roots and effects on the proletariat, the liberal however, seeking to uphold the status quo, might take aim at the communists and the fascists, using the crisis as an opportunity to direct praxis against an imagined external threat, or a real internal threat (such as the fascist and/or communist, whichever upsets the status quo more). Ultimately then, because all sides see the crisis point as an opportunity for directing social movement, they come into conflict about the direction. This is the contradiction at hand, it seeks to define the vector of social movement by resolving the ideological struggle, thereby defining the nature of the response to the crisis.

If a fascist succeeds in this struggle, then, we may see an uptick in fascists, if a communist succeeds, we may see an uptick in communists, if a liberal succeeds, we may see a retention of the status quo. Note however that the vector is not entirely hegemonic, whichever side comes out on top, small slivers will be radicalized towards the other side, and a larger proportion will take the "polite" and "principled" stance of upholding the status quo.

The relation of radicals to those who wish to uphold the status quo is decided by the general intensity of social movement already present before the crisis. Note here that the crisis point does not "create" radicalism, it intensifies and highlights the contradictions inherent to the given society, thereby intensifying the ideological contradiction, in essence, it takes the already present social movement and spikes it, it will then either fall back down (but not to the original level, as negation is never full negation) or boil over into a broader societal shift, defined by the cumulative effect of historical crisis points.

=== A note on crisis points in their relation to ideological preparedness and present social vectors & lines ===
A crisis point, however, cannot be simply adopted by any unprepared grouping, for, if a group lacks coherent theory and a comprehensive line, their input will be naught but vague noise and fall into the broader chaos. For any given grouping to take advantage of a crisis point, they require a stable structure, a sound theoretical basis and a strong, actively upheld line, which will inform their desired vector definition.

Look at it this way, if we imagine the proletariat as a golf ball, the social movement as the golf club, and the vector thereof as the angle and intensity of the golf-club, would it not be wise to firstly figure out said angle and intensity, rather than ineffectively waving the golf-club around, while masturbating to the thought of "open debate" and "acknowledging both sides" at least those who swing the club falsely still affect the balls trajectory!

The point being, when there is little intensity in the class struggle, we have room to breath and debate and build new ideas and advance the line, etc. But in said times of intense class struggle, we cannot be stuck fighting amongst ourselves over the best approach. If an organization is constantly in intense contradiction over their very definition, then it is not a useful organization, and must be abandoned in favor of a more stable, politically coherent organization, even if it may be smaller in size.

=== A further note on the nature of crisis points and contributing factors to resulting social vectors ===
It must also be understood that the equation of "crisis point + agitprop = more communists" is not universal or mechanistic; there is no metaphysical vector or velocity, only people and their opinions, this means that certain crisis types have inherent vector biases; for instance, in a society such as america, instances of domestic terror may have an inherently reactionary result, whereas economic difficulty present a better opportunity for an aspiring revolutionary organization.

What, then, makes a good crisis point? well, I theorize it is within these three parameters, that such biases are defined:

* The systemic closeness (if gas is expensive, you may be able to draw a clear line to it's source.)
* The individuality of the crisis (if a lone gunman commits an act of terror, this may be passed off as a simple act of individual madness or the like.)
* The demographics of the crisis (it's hard to show the link between crisis and root to someone who isn't affected by it. Don't waste your time convincing the cat of the mouse's plight.)

In this model, the (current) war with Iran (2026) provides an ''Exceptional'' opportunity, it is extremely close to the system and basically not mystified (America declares war on Iran → Iran blocks oil route → oil gets more expensive (duh)), it is not easily isolatable to any individual (it's a large, multinational conflict), it effects the entire proletariat (oil is expensive now! if you hadn't noticed!), as part of this mini-case-study, we must also understand the challenges faced, namely, the reactionary farces attempting to distract from the class struggle inherent to this. Firstly, this war is not the result of pure Israeli meddling, it is a joint capital venture of both the statesian and Israeli interests, who both stand to gain from 1) a weakened Iranian state and 2) privatized Iranian oil fields; It is not some "Secret Israeli Cabal controlling the by-standing American state", it is the evils of empire converging upon a state under siege. Secondly, this is not the lone wolf venture of Donald Trump or Benjamin Netanyahu. These are but individuals, they do not move the world. This is a crime for which all the Statesian, Israeli, European, Saudi and UAE states are responsible, they serve as either heads of the empire, or willing lapdogs. The foreign policy of the US and Israel are uniparty, no Israeli party will withdraw from Palestine (as doing so would destroy the entire Israeli entity), neither Republicans nor Democrats have shown ANY difference in their imperialist ambitions, whether it be Ronald Red-Scare Reagan, Genocide Joe, Donald Trump (I couldn't think of a nickname, Trump is a weird name), Bill-Mill Clinton (Mill short for Million, refering to his genocide of Iraqis), or Barack Drone-Strike Obama.
[[Category:Essays]]
[[Category:Essays by Local Gay Communist - LGC]]

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

2026-08-08T21:51:29Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: minor spelling fix

{{Infobox country|name=Commonwealth of Puerto Rico|native_name=Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico Boriken|image_flag=Puerto Rican flag.png|image_coat=Puerto Rican COA.png|capital=San Juan|largest_city=San Juan|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|population_census=3,285,874|population_census_year=2020|area_km2=9,104}}

'''Puerto Rico''' ('Rich port' in Spanish), officially the '''Commonwealth of Puerto Rico''', is a [[United States of America|U.S.]] [[Colonialism|colony]] in the [[Caribbean]]. Although Puerto Ricans cannot vote in federal U.S. elections, they still have to follow U.S. laws.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|author=Jose L. Vega Santiago|newspaper=[[The Red Phoenix]]|title=8 Atrocities Committed Against Puerto Rico by the US|date=2012-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022175312/https://theredphoenixapl.org/2012/11/07/8-atrocities-committed-against-puerto-rico-by-the-us/|archive-date=2020-10-22|retrieved=2022-06-23|url=https://theredphoenixapl.org/2012/11/07/8-atrocities-committed-against-puerto-rico-by-the-us/}}</ref> Almost half of the Puerto Rican population lives in poverty and more than 11% are unemployed.<ref>{{News citation|author=Juan González|newspaper=Monthly Review|title=Governor’s Place Party In Puerto Rico, ca. 1900s.
Puerto Rico’s $123 Billion Bankruptcy Is the Cost of U.S. Colonialism|date=2017-05-10|url=https://mronline.org/2017/05/10/puerto-ricos-123-billion-bankruptcy-is-the-cost-of-u-s-colonialism/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516024121/https://mronline.org/2017/05/10/puerto-ricos-123-billion-bankruptcy-is-the-cost-of-u-s-colonialism/|archive-date=2021-05-16|retrieved=2022-06-30}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Spanish colonization ===
[[Christopher Columbus]] began the [[Crown of Castile (1230–1715)|Spanish]] invasion of Puerto Rico in 1493. The indigenous [[Taíno]] and African slaves declared war and rebelled against the colonizers.<ref name=":2">{{Web citation|author=Max Evan Aguayo|newspaper=[[Liberation School]]|title=Puerto Rico will never cower before U.S. colonialism: A tribute to Vidal Santiago Díaz|date=2016-02-06|url=https://www.liberationschool.org/puerto-rico-will-never-cower-before-u-s-colonialism-a-tribute-to-vidal-santiago-diaz/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517133001/https://www.liberationschool.org/puerto-rico-will-never-cower-before-u-s-colonialism-a-tribute-to-vidal-santiago-diaz/|archive-date=2022-05-17|retrieved=2022-10-23}}</ref>

In 1868, Puerto Ricans in the town of Lares rebelled against [[Kingdom of Spain (1813–1873)|Spanish]] colonial rule,<ref>{{Web citation|author=Deborah Rodriguez|newspaper=[[Workers World]]|title=Commentary on hurricanes/ ‘Puerto Rico is not for sale’|date=2022-09-27|url=https://www.workers.org/2022/09/66875/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928012431/https://www.workers.org/2022/09/66875/|archive-date=2022-09-28|retrieved=2022-10-08}}</ref> which led to greater representation in the Spanish government and the abolition of [[slavery]].<ref name=":2" />

The United States invaded and occupied Puerto Rico in 1898 in the [[Spanish–Statesian War]].<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|year=2022|title=Puerto Rico|title-url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/puerto-rico/|chapter=Introduction|section=Background|publisher=The World Factbook}}</ref>

=== Statesian colonization ===
After the U.S. invasion, the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] ruled that Puerto Ricans could not receive U.S. citizenship because they were part of an "uncivilized race."<ref name=":1">{{News citation|author=Antonio Camacho Negrón|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|title=Puerto Rico: between colonialism, racism and slavery on July 25|date=2022-07-25|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/07/25/puerto-rico-colonialism-racism-slavery-july-25/|retrieved=2022-07-26}}</ref> By 1930, 45% of arable land in Puerto Rico became sugar plantations.<ref name=":2" />

Vieques, an island inhabited by 9,000 people, was used for military testing between 1941 and 2003. The majority of the island was owned by the navy, who dropped more than 1,000 tonnes of military and industrial waste on the island, including 23,000 bombs in 1998 alone. The island is now polluted with napalm and heavy metals and the cancer rate is 27% higher than in the mainland.<ref name=":0" />

In 1950, Statesian colonialists banned the use of Puerto Rico's flag or anthem.<ref name=":2" />

=== Independence movement ===
On March 21, 1937, police killed 19 people in Ponce, including 14 Puerto Rican nationalists.<ref name=":0" />

The United States imprisoned Puerto Rican independence leader [[Pedro Albizu Campos]] numerous times and experimented on him with radiation.<ref name=":0" />

The [[Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico]] began an uprising in Rio Piedras in 1950, beginning with a prison break during the night. The uprising spread to Jayuya and Utuado before the colonial governor sent planes to bomb rebels and end the uprising.<ref name=":2" />

Puerto Rico's constitution was adopted on July 25, 1952 and it became a commonwealth of the United States.<ref name=":1" />

== Politics ==
Puerto Rico's main political parties are the [[New Progressive Party]] (PNP) and the [[Popular Democratic Party]], both of which are corrupt [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal]] parties.<ref name=":3">{{Web citation|author=José Coss|newspaper=[[Orinoco Tribune]]|title=Puerto Rico’s Colonial Government Collapses|date=2022-08-17|url=https://orinocotribune.com/puerto-ricos-colonial-government-collapses/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817165735/https://orinocotribune.com/puerto-ricos-colonial-government-collapses/|archive-date=2022-08-17|retrieved=2022-08-23}}</ref>

Anticolonial parties include the:

* [[Puerto Rican Independence Party]],<ref name=":3" />
* [[Partido Nacionalista Puertorriqueño Ejercito Libertador]] (Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Liberating Army),<ref>{{Web citation|author=Partido Nacionalista Puertorriqueño|title=Facebook page|url=https://www.facebook.com/PartidoNacionalistaDePuertoRico}}</ref>
* [[Liga Socialista De Puerto Rico]] (Socialist League of Puerto Rico),
* [[Ejercito Popular Boricua]] (Boricua Popular Army),

The [[Communist Party of Cuba]] also supports the independence of Puerto Rico,<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Telesur|title=Cuba and Puerto Rico: A Shared Struggle for Independence|date=2016-11-28|url=https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Cuba-and-Puerto-Rico-A-Shared-Struggle-for-Independence-20161128-0001.html}}</ref> going as far back as [[Fidel Castro]] and [[Che Guevara]].<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=War against all Puerto Ricans|title=Cuba and Che Guevara at the United Nations: “Albizu Campos is a symbol”|date=2015-09-22|url=https://waragainstallpuertoricans.com/2015/09/22/cuba-and-che-guevara-at-the-united-nations-albizu-campos-is-a-symbol/}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube citation|url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xkuhbo|channel=Mov. Independentista Nacional Hostosiano|title=Che Guevara: Puerto Rico y don Pedro Albizu Campos|date=2011-09-02}}</ref>

== Forced sterilization ==
President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]] began a policy of forced sterilization in Puerto Rico.<ref name=":0" />

A 1965 survey of Puerto Rican mothers aged 20–49 found that one-third of them had been sterilized.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Kathryn Krase|date=2014-10-01|title=The History of Forced Sterilization in the United States|url=https://www.ourbodiesourselves.org/book-excerpts/health-article/forced-sterilization/|newspaper=Our Bodies Our Selves|retrieved=2022-03-11}}</ref> By 1974, 35% of Puerto Rican women were sterile, and 39% were in 1981.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Colonial outposts]]

United States of America

2026-07-18T20:57:41Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC:

<blockquote>''"United States" redirects here. For other uses, see [[United States (disambiguation)]].''</blockquote>{{Infobox country
| name = United States of America
| image_flag = Flag of the United States.svg
| population_estimate_year = 2021
| population_estimate = 331,893,745
| area_km2 = 9,833,520
| established_date1 = July 4, 1776
| established_event1 = [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]]
| empire = yes
| official_languages = None (de jure) English (de facto)
| demonym = Statesian United Statesian US-American Yankee (pejorative) Gringo (pejorative) American (common)<ref group="lower-alpha">Inhabitants of the USA are sometimes called simply "Americans," which can cause confusion because there are many other countries in the [[Americas]]. The terms "Statesian" and "United Statesian" are based on words in other languages, notably including the Spanish ''estadounidense'', that refer specifically to the USA. The term "US-American" has precedent in the German term ''US-amerikanisch'', though that term is not universally accepted in German.</ref>
| image_map_size = 220px
| image_map = USA orthographic.svg
| leader_name3 = [[JD Vance]]
| native_name = ᏌᏊᎢᏳᎾᎵᏍᏔᏅᏍᎦᏚᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎠᎺᏰᏟ ʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia Tannapta Nunaat Amiarikami Mílahaŋska Tȟamákȟočhe Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí Gichi-mookomaan-aki
| leader_title3 = President of the Senate
| leader_name2 = [[Mike Johnson]]
| leader_title2 = Speaker of the House
| leader_name1 = [[Donald Trump]]
| leader_title1 = [[President of the United States of America|President]]
| largest_city = [[New York City]]
| image_coat = Coat of arms of the United States.svg
| capital = [[Washington, D.C.]]
| government_type = Federal corporatocratic republic
| currency = United States dollar
| mode_of_production = [[Imperialism|Imperialist capitalism]] / [[fascism|Early to mid stage fascism]]
| event_pre = Beginning of [[Statesian Revolution|revolution]]
| date_pre = April 19, 1775
| established_event2 = Current [[Constitution of the United States|constitution]]
| established_date2 = March 4, 1789
| established_event3 = Last state admitted
| established_date3 = August 21, 1959
}}
The '''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), commonly referred to as just the '''United States''' ('''US''') or '''America''', is a [[Settler colonialism|settler colonial]] [[state]]<ref>{{Web citation|author=Albert Bender|newspaper=Communist Party USA|title=What’s at stake in the settler colonial debate|date=2022-05-12|url=https://www.cpusa.org/article/whats-at-stake-in-the-settler-colonial-debate/|archive-url=https://archive.is/mE0sL|archive-date=2022-05-13|retrieved=2025-08-22|quote=To begin with, the U.S. definitely was founded as a settler colonial state as well as a capitalist state.}}</ref> located primarily in [[North America]]. Consisting of [[U.S. state|50 states]], the [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]], [[Territories of the United States|14 internationally-recognised territories]], and 326 [[Indian reservation|Indian reservations]], it is the [[List of North American countries by area|second-largest]] [[country]] in [[North America]] and [[List of countries by area|fourth-largest in the world]]. It borders [[Canada]] to the north, [[Mexican United States|Mexico]] to the south, the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] to the east, and the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] to the west. The country's system of governance is a [[Liberalism|liberal]], [[Federation|federal]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[republic]].

The United States is the most influential [[Capitalism|capitalist]] and [[Imperialism|imperialist]] state today, accounting for 15% of global GDP (PPP)<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Statista|title=United States' share of global gross domestic product (GDP) adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP) from 2019 to 2029|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/270267/united-states-share-of-global-gross-domestic-product-gdp/|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250716164332/https://www.statista.com/statistics/270267/united-states-share-of-global-gross-domestic-product-gdp/|archive-date=2025-07-16|retrieved=2025-08-22}}</ref> and more than 50% of global military spending.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Sara Flounders|newspaper=[[Workers World]]|title=Congressional chaos – deals and trades|date=2023-01|url=https://www.workers.org/2023/01/68509/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110165054/https://www.workers.org/2023/01/68509/|archive-date=2023-01-10|retrieved=2023-01-22}}</ref> With a population of more than 340 million,<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=World Bank Group|title=Population, total - United States|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=US|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250726154511/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=US|archive-date=2025-07-26|retrieved=2025-08-22}}</ref> it is the third-most populous country in the world; it constitutes 4.2% of the total human population, but is home to over 20% of the world's prisoners.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Roy Walmsley|newspaper=World Prison Brief|title=World Prison Population List, twelfth edition|url=https://www.prisonstudies.org/sites/default/files/resources/downloads/wppl_12.pdf|archive-url=https://megalodon.jp/2025-0823-0056-37/https://www.prisonstudies.org:443/sites/default/files/resources/downloads/wppl_12.pdf|archive-date=2025-08-22|retrieved=2025-08-22}}</ref>

A modern [[United States imperialism|empire]], the United States sits at the center of a group of [[Imperial core|imperialist Western regimes]]. The USA is the leading country of many international imperialist organizations, such as the [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]], [[Organization of American States]], [[The World Bank|World Bank]], [[International Monetary Fund]], [[National Endowment for Democracy]], [[Human Rights Watch]], and others.

The pervasiveness of [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] ideology, the frequent relationship between government officials and corporate board of directors, the tendency for war, and the reach of [[Nationalism|nationalist]], [[Patriarchy|patriarchal]] and [[Racism|racial chauvinist]] ideas makes the USA a [[dictatorship of the bourgeoisie]] with traits of [[fascism]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Michael Cetewayo Tabor|title=Capitalism Plus Dope Equals Genocide|title-url=https://exhibits.library.illinois.edu/s/rbml/item/1811#?xywh=-2988%2C0%2C7954%2C2999&cv=1|pdf=https://freedomarchives.org/Documents/Finder/DOC513_scans/Michael_Cetewayo_Tabor/513.Michael.Tabor.Capitalism.Dope.Genocide.pdf|mia=https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/workers/black-panthers/1970/dope.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|author=Fred Hampton|year=1969|title=It’s a Class Struggle, Godamnit!|title-url=https://www.lfks.net/en/content/fred-hampton-its-class-struggle-goddammit-november-1969|mia=https://www.marxists.org/archive/hampton/1969/11/class-struggle-godamnit.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=KCNAWatch|title=Minju Joson on Final Doom of U.S.|url=https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/255411/minju-joson-on-final-doom-of-u-s/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528023946/https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/255411/minju-joson-on-final-doom-of-u-s/|archive-date=2021-05-28|retrieved=2025-08-22}}</ref> Wealth distribution is extremely unequal, with the richest three Statesians owning more than the poorest 160 million combined.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Noah Kirsch|newspaper=Forbes|title=The 3 Richest Americans Hold More Wealth Than Bottom 50% Of The Country, Study Finds|date=2017-11-09|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/noahkirsch/2017/11/09/the-3-richest-americans-hold-more-wealth-than-bottom-50-of-country-study-finds/?sh=7144ebfe3cf8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121000741/https://www.forbes.com/sites/noahkirsch/2017/11/09/the-3-richest-americans-hold-more-wealth-than-bottom-50-of-country-study-finds/?sh=3e972c243cf8|archive-date=2023-01-21|retrieved=2023-01-23}}</ref>

Beginning as a [[Settler colonialism|settler-colony]] of European maritime empires, the USA became an independent country in 1776. It has achieved remarkable economic, scientific and military development through the process of imperialism, where it uses military power to ensure access for its private industries to exploit the nations of the world. The United States deliberately killed over 11 million unarmed civilians in its imperialist wars and conquests before 2000<ref name=":6">{{Citation|author=Austin Murphy|year=2000|title=The Triumph of Evil|chapter=Introduction|section=|page=22–24, 34|pdf=https://mltheory.files.wordpress.com/2017/06/austin-murphy-the-triumph-of-evil.pdf|publisher=European Press Academic Publishing|isbn=8883980026|anna=https://annas-archive.org/md5/1463915729b5ae8f30fac63de6d2d87e}}</ref> and another 4.5 million in the 21st century.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Patrick Martin|newspaper=[[WSWS]]|title=US wars since 2001 have killed 4.5 million people|date=2023-05-19|url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2023/05/19/gmyj-m19.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519034557/https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2023/05/19/gmyj-m19.html|archive-date=2023-05-19}}</ref>

Many of its methods of exploitation employed outwardly are also employed inwardly towards its own population with increasing intensity as its economy has been in steady decline since the [[Great Recession|2008 financial crisis]] and the [[COVID-19 pandemic|2020–2022 COVID-19 pandemic]].

== Nomenclature ==
The official name of the country is the United States of America, but it is often shortened to US, America, or United States; however, these names are erroneous, as other countries, such as the [[Mexican United States]], share the same wording "United States" in their name. Furthermore, the term "America" and "American" could refer to the geographic locations or inhabitants of [[North America]], [[South America]], or both.

Some of the indigenous names for the whole of North America include: ''Mishiike Minisi'', ''Anowara:kowa'', and ''Khéya Wíta''.<ref group="lower-alpha">Respectively in Anishinaabe, Kanien'kéha and Lakota. All mean "Turtle Island".</ref> "America" is often respelled as "AmeriKKKa" in reference to the pervasiveness of [[White supremacy|white supremacist]] ideology in the US.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Encyclopedia.com|title=FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/figurative-language|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250813235039/https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/figurative-language|archive-date=August 13th, 2025|retrieved=September 9th, 2025|quote=The spelling Amerikkka has sometimes been used, especially in graffiti, to suggest that the Ku Klux Klan has great influence over how the US is governed. The usage is both imaginative and striking, but to many Americans it is very far from pleasing.}}</ref> In [[Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran]], the US is referred to as ''Shaytân-e Bozorg'',<ref group="lower-alpha">Persian: شيطان بزرگ</ref> which means "the great Satan."<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Ruhollah Khomeini|date=1979-11-05|title=America the Great Satan|url=http://emam.com/posts/view/15718/Speech|newspaper=Emam.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522133828/http://emam.com/posts/view/15718/Speech/|archive-date=2016-05-22|retrieved=2021-12-29}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Pre-colonization ===
{{Main article|History of humanity}}
[[File:US native nations.png|thumb|Indigenous nations in what is now the United States before colonization. California natives are grouped together as "California Indians" because there are too many groups to fit into the map. Numbers show US military forts.]]
[[File:USA native languages.png|thumb|Map of indigenous groups by language family]]
Human settlement in the [[America|Americas]] began between 12,500 to 27,000 years ago through different possible routes recognized by researchers. The most common and accepted theory is that humans crossed through land between Siberia and Alaska in the Beringia region at least 30,000 years ago,<ref>{{Citation|author=David J. Meltzer|year=2009|title=First peoples in a New World: colonizing Ice Age America|page=329|quote=The port of entry for America’s ﬁrst peoples was the Bering Sea region. They could, and likely did, walk across from Siberia to Alaska when expanding continental ice sheets dropped sea levels worldwide and Beringia surfaced. Crossing its Mammoth Steppe, blanketed by parkland and grazed by mammoth, horse, and bison, was possible anytime between 27,000 and 10,000 years ago. The recent genetic evidence of a possible Beringian standstill suggests the ﬁrst peoples may have been relatively isolated in this region for much of that time.|publisher=University of California Press}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|author=Erika Tamm, et al|year=2007|title=Beringian Standstill and spread of Native American founders|title-url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000829#pone.0000829-Pitulko1|quote=The new data suggest that the initial founders of the Americas emerged from a single source ancestral population that evolved in isolation, likely in Beringia. This scenario is consistent with the unique pattern of diversity from autosomal locus D9S1120 of a private allele in high frequency and ubiquitous in the Americas. The finding that humans were present at the Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site dated to 30,000 ybp suggests that the isolation in Beringia might have lasted up to 15,000 years. Following this isolation, the initial founders of the Americas began rapidly populating the New World from North to South America.|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0000829}}</ref> when the sea levels were at a minimum, revealing a pathway which made possible to cross between the lands, and stayed there until at least 12,500 years ago,<ref>{{Citation|author=David J. Meltzer|year=2009|title=First peoples in a New World: colonizing Ice Age America|page=329|quote=In any case, it appears from the evidence at Monte Verde that the ﬁrst Americans were here by at least 12,500 BP and possibly earlier still. Certainly by 11,500 BP, Clovis Paleoindians were widespread, possibly representing a second migratory pulse to the New World, one that may have spread across the continent in less than a thousand years.|publisher=University of California Press}}</ref> when they went deep into American land.

Genetic evidence based on mitochondrial DNA suggests that the last common ancestor between central Asian and North American indigenous peoples was estimated to have diverged between 25,000 to 20,000 years ago,<ref>{{Citation|author=Goebel, Waters & O’Rourke|year=2008|title=The Late Pleistocene dispersal of Modern Humans in the Americas|quote=Establishing when central Asian and Native American haplogroup lineages last shared a common ancestor has proven to be difficult. Current coalescent estimates based on variation in extant mtDNA lineages set the event at 25 to 20 ka or less than 20 ka, after the last glacial maximum (LGM), and estimates based on Y- chromosome variability suggest that divergence occurred after 22.5 ka, possibly as late as 20 to 15 ka.|doi=10.1126/science.1153569}}</ref> during the time humans were located at the Beringian region, and sub-haplogroup analysis suggest that dispersion from Beringia may have occurred as early as 16,000 years ago.<ref>{{Citation|author=Goebel, Waters & O’Rourke|year=2008|title=The Late Pleistocene dispersal of Modern Humans in the Americas.|doi=10.1126/science.1153569|quote=New analyses of haplogroup subclades help to resolve when modern humans subsequently spread from Beringia to the rest of the Americas. Three subclades of mtDNA subhaplogroup C1 are widely distributed among North, Central, and South Americans but absent in Asian populations, which suggests that they evolved after the central Asian–Native American split, as the first Americans were dispersing from Beringia. The estimated date of coalescence for these subclades is 16.6 to 11.2 ka, which suggests that the colonization of the Americas south of the continental ice sheets may have occurred some time during the late-glacial period, thousands of years after the initial splitting of Asian and Native American lineages.|page=}}</ref>

Around 10,500 years ago, the peoples of the eastern region of North America, developed agriculture based on corn, domestication of animals, along with hunting, fishing and gathering.<ref>{{Citation|author=Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz|year=2014|title=An indigenous peoples' history of the United States|page=15-16|quote=Domestication of plants took place around the globe in seven locales during approximately the same period, around 8500 BC. Three of the seven were in the Americas, all based on corn: the Valley of Mexico and Central America (Mesoamerica); the South-Central Andes in South America; and eastern North America. [...] During this time, many of the same human societies began domesticating animals. Only in the American continents was the parallel domestication of animals eschewed in favor of game management, a kind of animal husbandry different from that developed in Africa and Asia. In these seven areas, agriculture based "civilized" societies developed in symbiosis with hunting, fishing, and gathering peoples on their peripheries, gradually enveloping many of the latter into the realms of their civilizations, except for those in regions inhospitable to agriculture.|pdf=https://www.sackett.net/An-Indigenous-Peoples-History-of-the-United-States-Ortiz.pdf|isbn=978-0-8070-0040-3|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=D80C34C2EDEF56A1CA68F01727416207|anna=https://annas-archive.org/md5/9b788412e2170da83e6cd2d8eec681a4}}</ref> The development of agriculture in the region also required complex irrigation systems and developed through extensive trade between the peoples of Central and South America.<ref>{{Citation|author=Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz|year=2014|title=An indigenous peoples' history of the United States|page=16|isbn=978-0-8070-0040-3|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=D80C34C2EDEF56A1CA68F01727416207|quote=Corn, being a summer crop, can tolerate no more than twenty to thirty days without water and even less time in high temperatures. Many of the areas where corn was the staple were arid or semiarid, so its cultivation required the design and construction of complex irrigation systems-in place at least two thousand years be fore Europeans knew the Americas existed. The proliferation of agriculture and cultigens could not have occurred without centuries of cultural and commercial interchange among the peoples of North, Central, and South America, whose traders carried seeds as well as other goods and cultural practices.}}</ref> By the 15th century, the population of the whole continent of America was about 100 million people, and about 40 million lived in North America. In comparison, the [[Europe|European]] peoples at that time amounted to around 50 million.<ref>{{Citation|author=Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz|year=2014|title=An indigenous peoples' history of the United States|page=17|isbn=978-0-8070-0040-3|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=D80C34C2EDEF56A1CA68F01727416207|quote=The total population of the hemisphere was about one hundred million at the end of the fifteenth century, with about two-fifths in North America, including Mexico. Central Mexico alone supported some thirty million people. At the same time, the population of Europe as far east as the Ural Mountains was around fifty million.}}</ref>

At the beginning of European colonization, most indigenous peoples lived in agricultural societies but others were hunters and gatherers.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Dennis Etler|newspaper=CGTN|title=U.S. treatment of Native Americans is a gross human rights violation|date=2021-03-29|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-03-26/U-S-treatment-of-Native-Americans-is-a-gross-human-rights-violation-YVtGCFbCJa/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326013127/https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-03-26/U-S-treatment-of-Native-Americans-is-a-gross-human-rights-violation-YVtGCFbCJa/index.html|archive-date=2021-03-29|retrieved=2025-08-22|quote=Most were agriculturalists living in settled communities, some were hunters and gatherers.}}</ref>

=== European colonization ===
In the 17th century, settlers from Britain and Holland began to arrive in North America. Of 10,000 settlers who left from Bristol between 1654 and 1685, most were farmers and artisans and less than 15% were [[Proletariat|proletarians]]. The settlers initially enslaved both Africans and natives.<ref name=":3">{{Citation|author=[[J. Sakai]]|year=1983|title=Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat|title-url=https://readsettlers.org/text-index.html|chapter=The Heart of Whiteness|chapter-url=https://readsettlers.org/ch1.html|section=|pdf=https://readsettlers.org/settlers.pdf|isbn=9781629630762|anna=https://annas-archive.org/md5/d453946b79db6fbfdbf43812fa038826}}</ref>

In 1675, [[Metacomet]], also known as "King Philip," led an uprising against the settlers.<ref name=":4">{{Citation|author=J. Sakai|year=1983|title=Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat|title-url=https://readsettlers.org/text-index.html|chapter=Struggles & Alliances|chapter-url=https://readsettlers.org/ch2.html|isbn=9781629630762}}</ref>

In 1715, the settlers sold their native slaves abroad and focused on enslaving Africans. By the Revolutionary War, New Afrikans made up over 20% of the non-indigenous population, including more than half in Virginia and South Carolina.<ref name=":3" />
==== Bacon's Rebellion ====
Soon after King Philip's War, a conflict broke out in Virginia between settlers and the Susquehannock. A settler army of 1,100 surrounded the Susquehannock fort and executed five of their leaders, inspiring them to begin a guerrilla warfare campaign. In May 1676, plantation owner [[Nathaniel Bacon]] formed a vigilante group to attack the Susquehannock, against the orders of the British colonial governor. He went to an Occaneechee fort and persuaded the Occaneechee to attack the Susquehannock. After the Susquehannock were defeated, Bacon attacked the Occaneechee to steal their beaver furs, which were worth about £1,000.

After defeating the Occaneechee, Bacon turned against Governor [[William Berkeley]], whom he accused of secretly selling guns to the indigenous peoples. On June 23, 1676, he marched to Jamestown with an army of over 500 and captured the city. Loyalist forces arrived in September but Bacon soon recaptured the city and burned it down.<ref name=":4" />

==== Seven Years' War ====
During the [[Seven Years' War]], the British fought against [[Kingdom of France (987–1792)|France]] and their indigenous allies. The indigenous peoples supported the French because they traded with them but did not want to occupy their land. The British defeated the French in 1763 and France ceded the land west of the Appalachians to Britain. The natives continued a guerrilla warfare campaign against the British until they passed the Proclamation of 1763, which prevented colonists from settling west of the Appalachians.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=[[Howard Zinn]]|year=1980|title=A People's History of the United States|title-url=https://www.howardzinn.org/collection/peoples-history/|chapter=A Kind of Revolution|page=89–90|pdf=https://files.libcom.org/files/A%20People's%20History%20of%20the%20Unite%20-%20Howard%20Zinn.pdf|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=0060194480|anna=https://annas-archive.org/md5/c5f1afe8541ac325484af47ca6d3e525}}</ref>

After 1765, a crisis began between British authorities and colonists and local newspapers were pressured to censor anti-secessionist material. The [[Sons of Liberty]] attacked and rioted against loyalists.<ref name=":023">{{Citation|author=Albert Szymanski|year=1984|title=Human Rights in the Soviet Union|chapter=The Land of the Free|page=152–156|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceazdmtb2y3qq27fve5ib3gk7uv2unt6ae2xss74xmfpur7k5uhl5m?filename=Albert%20Szymanski%20-%20Human%20Rights%20in%20the%20Soviet%20Union_%20Including%20Comparisons%20with%20the%20U.S.A.-Zed%20Books%20Ltd.%20%281984%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|isbn=0862320186|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=C597B1232D9EA6B0F3DCB438D7E15A81}}</ref>

=== Independence War ===
{{Main article|Statesian Revolution}}Between 1775 and 1778, state governments passed laws making it illegal to criticize the [[Continental Congress]], which was organizing a rebellion against the British. Eight states banished prominent loyalists and all states deprived their right to vote. Between 80,000 and 100,000 loyalists fled during the revolution, half of which moved to [[Canada]]. The percentage of colonists that fled from the Statesian Revolution (4% of the white population) was higher than those who fled the [[Russian revolution of 1917|Russian Revolution]] (only 1.5% of the total population).<ref name=":023" />

During the Statesian Revolution, the British tried to form an alliance with the [[Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)|Cherokee Nation]] and provided them with weapons and funding. In 1776, over 5,000 settlers from Virginia, Georgia, and the Carolinas invaded the Cherokee Nation. Settlers attacked the Cherokee Nation again in 1780 and 1781.

In 1777, the British formed an alliance with the Shawnee in what is now Ohio. In 1780, settlers from Virginia attacked the Shawnee in what is now southern Ohio.

In the north, the six nations of the [[Haudenosaunee Confederacy|Haudenosaunee]] took different sides in the war. The Mohawk and Senecas sided with the British, the Oneidas sided with the settlers, and the Cayuga, Onondaga, and Tuscarora were neutral. [[George Washington]] gave orders to destroy the villages of the nations that did not side with the United States. The British surrendered in 1783 and allowed Statesian settlers to expand west into the territory between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz]]|year=2014|title=An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States|chapter=Bloody Footprints|page=72–78|pdf=https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/10601/An%20Indigenous%20Peoples%20History%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Ortiz.pdf|city=Boston|publisher=Beacon Press Books|series=ReVisioning American History|title-url=}}</ref>

=== Early republic ===

==== Articles of Confederation ====

===== Shays' rebellion =====
In 1786, farmers in western Massachusetts rebelled because of [[debt]] and [[Tax|taxes]], which were four times as high as they had been under the British. Washington opposed the uprising, and [[Samuel Adams]] passed the Riot Act to crush dissent.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Chad Pearson|newspaper=[[MR Online]]|title=Sober Up Liberals: The U.S. Constitution Sucks|date=2023-07-12|url=https://mronline.org/2023/07/12/sober-up-liberals-the-u-s-constitution-sucks/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712132453/https://mronline.org/2023/07/12/sober-up-liberals-the-u-s-constitution-sucks/|archive-date=2023-07-12}}</ref>

==== Federalist Era ====
The first decades after U.S. independence were characterized by conflict between the [[Federalist Party (United States)|Federalist Party]], which favored the wealthy, and the [[Democratic-Republican Party]], which favored small farmers. [[John Adams]], George Washington's Federalist successor, passed the [[Alien and Sedition Acts]] in 1798 to enforce [[censorship]] and ban criticism of the government. The law sentenced the radical labor leader David Brown to prison in October 1798 after he put up a pole saying "Downfall to the tyrants of America."<ref name=":023" />

===== Whiskey Rebellion =====

===== Invasion of Ohio =====
In 1784, the Continental Congress deployed [[Josiah Harmar]] to the [[Northwest Territory]] to survey the land so it could be sold to settlers. The USA built its first fort, Fort Harmar, in what is now [[Ohio]] in 1785, followed by Fort Washington in modern-day Cincinnati in 1789. From there, Harmar invaded the Miami and Shawnee nations and lost almost 200 troops in four days before retreating.<ref name=":123">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|isbn=9780520972070|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05|page=|chapter=Why Are So Many Places Named Fort?}}</ref>:103–6

Mohawk leader Thayendanegea had formed an alliance of the indigenous nations in the Ohio River valley in the 1780s and received weapons from the British. Secretary of War [[Henry Knox]] organized an army of settlers from Kentucky to invade the territory of the Miami and Shawnee nations.<ref name=":8">{{Citation|author=[[Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz]]|year=2014|title=An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States|chapter=The Birth of a Nation|page=81–87|pdf=https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/10601/An%20Indigenous%20Peoples%20History%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Ortiz.pdf|city=Boston|publisher=Beacon Press Books|series=ReVisioning American History|title-url=}}</ref> Little Turtle and Blue Jacket ambushed the settler army, who destroyed 300 buildings and looted the two largest Miami towns. In 1791, they destroyed the invading army led by [[Arthur St. Clair]] at the Battle of Wabash, which was one of the largest defeats of the U.S. military in history.<ref name=":9">{{Citation|author=[[Nick Estes]], et al.|year=2021|title=Red Nation Rising|chapter=Anti-Indianism|page=22–27|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacechp4anuu3vkx7ttze5vwtbbslqpqkouqemkpa5xui27eulvyntx2?filename=Nick%20Estes%2C%20Melanie%20Yazzie%2C%20Jennifer%20Nez%20Denetdale%2C%20David%20Correia%20-%20Red%20Nation%20Rising_%20From%20Bordertown%20Violence%20to%20Native%20Liberation-PM%20Press%20%282021%29.pdf}}</ref> 637 U.S. soldiers died, and less than half of St. Clair's forces returned unharmed to Fort Washington.<ref name=":123" />:106 Anthony Wayne, who led the settlers from 1792 to 1794, destroyed food supplies and murdered native civilians. After Blue Jacket refused an ultimatum at Fort Defiance, settler forces began an extermination campaign against civilians. They defeated the Shawnee at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in August 1794.

In 1794, [[John Jay]] signed a treaty with the British that made them leave their 13 forts in the Northwest.<ref name=":123" />:108 The USA annexed southern Ohio in 1795 with the Treaty of Greenville.<ref name=":8" /> The British occupied some territory south of the Canadian border until 1796, when they withdrew and ended their support for the indigenous resistance.<ref name=":123" />:105–8

===== Quasi-War =====
Between 1798 and 1800, the USA fought undeclared naval battles with [[French Republic (1792–1804)|France]] in the Caribbean because it was seizing U.S. merchant ships. Congress was only two votes away from declaring war on France.<ref name=":1232">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|isbn=9780520972070|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05|page=|chapter=Invading Your Neighbors}}</ref>:135

==== Jeffersonian Era ====
In 1801, slave owner [[Thomas Jefferson]] came to power and replaced the Federalist government. He pardoned people convicted under the Alien and Sedition Acts but continued censorship and political repression against his own political opponents.<ref name=":023" />

In 1803, Congress approved $2,500 for Meriweather Lewis and William Clark's military expedition through the [[Louisiana Territory]] to plan the annexation of that area. Later, Zebulon Pike led expeditions in the Southwest and the Mississippi headwaters. In late 1803, the USA bought the Louisiana Territory from [[French Empire (1804–1815)|France]], which had secretly taken it from [[Kingdom of Spain|Spain]] in 1800. In 1806, Statesian and Spanish soldiers had a skirmish on the border of [[State of Texas|Texas]].<ref name=":123" />:113–8

Congress banned the international slave trade in 1808 without ending slavery within the country. In the early 19th century, the [[American Colonization Society]] emerged and attempted to [[Idealism|persuade]] slave owners to sell their slaves and send them back to Africa to spread [[Christianity]]. It sought to make the United States into a white-only country without forcibly freeing the slaves. [[State of Indiana|Indiana]], [[State of Illinois|Illinois]], [[State of Iowa|Iowa]], and [[State of Oregon|Oregon]] completely banned Black people (enslaved or free) from living in their territory.<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Domenico Losurdo]]|year=2011|title=Liberalism: A Counter-History|chapter=Liberalism and Racial Slavery: A Unique Twin Birth|page=52–57|publisher=Verso|isbn=9781844676934|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=5BB3406BC2E64972831A1C00D5D4BFE4|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacebhsj2yxuoudkhkjp6lzgr5jvgyhu76zxe4gw3d65gpg32a6nded4?filename=Domenico%20Losurdo%2C%20Gregory%20Elliott%20-%20Liberalism_%20A%20Counter-History-Verso%20%282011%29.pdf}}</ref>

In 1807, the Shawnee brothers [[Tecumseh]] and Tenskwatawa began a movement for indigenous peoples to return to their pre-colonial culture. Tecumseh united the nations of the northwest and presented a program to prevent settlers from buying native land. The governor of Indiana, [[William Henry Harrison]], bribed some Delaware, Miami, and Potawatomi to give up their land in 1809. In 1810, he moved south to bring the Muskogees, Choctaws, and Chickasaws into the alliance. In November 1811, Statesian troops attacked Tenskwatawa at Prophetstown and killed 200 natives. After the attack, Kickapoos, Winnebagos, Potawatomis, and Creeks obtained British weapons from Canada to fight the settlers.<ref name=":8" />

===== War of 1812 =====
{{Main article|War of 1812}}
The United States declared war on [[Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)|Britain]] in 1812 because of its connections to Tecumseh's [[Anti-colonialism|anticolonial]] movement. Indigenous forces liberated Michigan and forced thousands of settlers out of Illinois and Indiana, but the USA killed Tecumseh at the Battle of Thames in 1813, destroying the resistance.<ref name=":8" />

===== Barbary Wars =====
The Berber states of North Africa (Algiers, Tripoli, and Tunis) demanded taxes from ships traveling through their waters and captured ships if they refused to pay. Between 1801 and 1805, Jefferson sent the Navy to fight them and occupy Tripoli. In 1815, only ten days after the War of 1812 ended, [[James Madison]] told Congress to declare war again. The Navy quickly captured two warships from Algiers and forced them to end tribute payments.<ref name=":1232" />:133–4

==== Era of Good Feelings ====

=== Jacksonian Era ===
[[File:USA settler expansion.png|thumb|338x338px|United States occupation of native land from 1783 to 1893]]
After the war against the British Empire, the fledgling United States expanded westward with Thomas Jefferson (the third in [[List of Presidents of the United States|a long line of Presidents]]) referring to the country as an "empire of liberty." As Nancy Isenberg elucidates in her book ''White Trash: The 400-Year Untold History of Class in America'': "The Louisiana Territory, as he envisioned it, would encourage agriculture and forestall the growth of manufacturing and urban poverty—that was his formula for liberty. It was not [[Benjamin Franklin|Franklin]]'s “happy mediocrity” (a compression of classes across an endless stretch of unsettled land), but a nation of farmers large and small. This difference is not nominal: Franklin and [[Thomas Paine|Paine]] used Pennsylvania as their model, while Jefferson saw America’s future—and the contours of its [[Class society|class system]]—through the prism of Virginia."<ref>{{Citation|author=Nancy Isenberg|year=2016|title=White trash: the 400-year untold history of class in America|publisher=Viking|isbn=9780670785971|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=858AE1D454C3854355613E1824C318ED|page=92}}</ref>

Around 1800, as the lands further to the west were opened up to the fledgling United States, the young state saw the land as a way to appease its population and strengthen its power in the world. As Nancy Isenberg further explains: "By 1800, one-fifth of the American population had resettled on its 'frontier,' the territory between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi. Effective regulation of this mass migration was well beyond the limited powers of the federal government. Even so, officials understood that the country’s future depended on controlling this vast territory. Financial matters were involved too. Government sale of these lands was needed to reduce the nation’s war debts. Besides, the lands were hardly empty, and the potential for violent conflicts with Native Americans was ever present, as white migrants settled on lands they did not own. National greatness depended as much as anything upon the class of settlers that was advancing into the new territories."<ref>{{Citation|author=Nancy Isenberg|year=2016|title=White trash: the 400-year untold history of class in America|publisher=Viking|isbn=9780670785971|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=858AE1D454C3854355613E1824C318ED|page=110}}</ref>

After the Statesian Revolution, the United States began a genocidal policy of "[[Indian Removal Act|Indian Removal]]" to clear the land between the Mississippi River and the Appalachians for settlers. In 1790, most of the settler population lived within 50 miles of the Atlantic Ocean. From 1800 to 1830, the number of white settlers west of the Appalachians grew from 700,000 to 4.5 million. Between 1820 and 1844, the number of Native Americans living east of the Mississippi dropped from 120,000 to under 30,000. President [[Thomas Jefferson]] bought the Louisiana Territory from [[French Republic (1792–1804)|France]] in 1803, doubling the size of the United States and extending the frontier to the Rocky Mountains.<ref name=":5">{{Citation|author=Howard Zinn|year=1980|title=A People's History of the United States|title-url=https://www.howardzinn.org/collection/peoples-history/|chapter=As Long as Grass Grows or Water Runs|page=124–129|pdf=https://files.libcom.org/files/A%20People's%20History%20of%20the%20Unite%20-%20Howard%20Zinn.pdf}}</ref>

Through a series of treaties from 1814 to 1824, settlers took control of most of [[Alabama]] and [[Florida]] as well as parts of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Commonwealth of Kentucky|Kentucky]], [[Mississippi]], [[North Carolina]], and [[State of Tennessee|Tennessee]]. Future president [[Andrew Jackson]] relied on bribery and threats to make native leaders sign these treaties. In 1818, he began raids into [[Governorate of Florida (1783–1821)|Spanish Florida]] and destroyed Seminole villages until [[Kingdom of Spain (1813–1873)|Spain]] surrendered the territory to the United States in 1819.<ref name=":5" />

==== Trail of Tears ====
[[File:A map of the process of Indian Removal in the US, 1830–1838. Oklahoma is depicted in light yellow-green..png|thumb|Map of the five nations deported to Oklahoma under the Indian Removal Act]]
Presidents Andrew Jackson and [[Martin Van Buren]] forced 70,000 Native Americans to move west across the Mississippi River. Secretary of War [[Lewis Cass]] promised in 1825 that the United States would never try to take indigenous land west of the Mississippi.<ref name=":5" />

Half of the 16,000 Cherokees died during the march. The Muskogees and Seminoles suffered similar death rates and about 15% of the Choctaws and Chickasaws died on the way to Oklahoma.'''<ref name=":82">{{Citation|author=[[Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz]]|year=2014|title=An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States|chapter=Andrew Jackson's White Republic|page=112–113|pdf=https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/10601/An%20Indigenous%20Peoples%20History%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Ortiz.pdf|city=Boston|publisher=Beacon Press Books|series=ReVisioning American History|title-url=}}</ref>'''

==== Invasion of Mexico ====
{{Main article|Mexican–Statesian War}}
[[File:Mexican cession map.png|thumb|232x232px|Territories occupied by the USA in 1848 in red. The USA bought more territory in 1853.]]
After the Mexican government banned slavery in 1829, US-backed settlers in Texas rebelled to form the Republic of Texas in 1836, which the United States annexed in 1845. The United States invaded Mexico in 1846, beginning in Veracruz. They occupied Mexico City in 1848 and did not leave until Mexico surrendered [[Aztlán|its northern territories]] to the USA. After the annexation, U.S. cavalry troops attacked the Apaches led by [[Mangas Coloradas]], destroying crops and villages and murdering civilians.'''<ref name=":822">{{Citation|author=[[Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz]]|year=2014|title=An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States|chapter=Sea to Shining Sea|page=123–132|pdf=https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/10601/An%20Indigenous%20Peoples%20History%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Ortiz.pdf|city=Boston|publisher=Beacon Press Books|series=ReVisioning American History|title-url=}}</ref>'''

==== Slavery and the abolitionist movement ====
The extent to which average whites in [[Slave states and free states|slave states]] benefitted from and supported the institution of slavery has been minimised by American nationalists of the [[Neo-Confederates|neo-Confederate]] and Unionist varieties alike. It is often claimed that only a very small elite of plantation-owners directly stood to benefit from slavery. According to the 1860 U.S. Census, there were 393,975 slavers out of a population of 31,183,582, or 1.26%. This figure is widely cited today as "proof" that few white Southerners directly benefitted from slavery.<ref name=":12">Al Mackey (2017-04-18).: [https://studycivilwar.wordpress.com/2017/04/18/the-extent-of-slave-ownership-in-the-united-states-in-1860/ "The Extent of Slave Ownership in the United States in 1860"]. ''Student of the American Civil War''. Retrieved 2025-09-10.</ref>

This picture is misleading however. Firstly, this is for the whole of the United States rather than just the states where slavery was practised. Secondly, it counts enslaved people themselves rather than just free people. Most importantly but least obviously, although slaves were typically only owned by one person (usually the head of a household), the rest of the slaver's family also directly profited from the institution. They shared in the wealth accumulated through the slave's exploitation and inherited slaves when the owner died. Thus, controlling for these factors, the percentage of free families that owned slaves in states which later seceded is 30.8%. At the state level, the percentage of free families which owned slaves in 1860 was:<ref name=":12" />

* 49% in Mississippi
* 46% in South Carolina
* 37% in Georgia
* 35% in Alabama
* 34% in Florida
* 29% in Georgia
* 28% in North Carolina
* 28% in Texas
* 26% in Virginia
* 25% in Tennessee
* 23% in Kentucky
* 20% in Arkansas
* 13% in Missouri
* 12% in Maryland
* 3% in Delaware

Thus, every third white had a direct interest in preserving slavery.

In 1805, [[South Carolina]] passed laws that allowed executing people who supported or encouraged slave rebellions. [[State of Georgia|Georgia]] passed a similar law around the same time.<ref name=":10" />

By 1830, following the abolition of slavery in much of Latin America, the United States was effectively in a cold war with [[Republic of Haiti|Haiti]]. [[State of South Carolina|South Carolina]] banned Africans from Haiti and other French colonies from entering the country in order to limit the spread of abolitionism.<ref name=":122">{{Citation|author=[[Domenico Losurdo]]|year=2011|title=Liberalism: A Counter-History|chapter=Crisis of the English and American Models|page=|publisher=Verso|isbn=9781844676934|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=5BB3406BC2E64972831A1C00D5D4BFE4|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacebhsj2yxuoudkhkjp6lzgr5jvgyhu76zxe4gw3d65gpg32a6nded4?filename=Domenico%20Losurdo%2C%20Gregory%20Elliott%20-%20Liberalism_%20A%20Counter-History-Verso%20%282011%29.pdf}}</ref>:151

In 1836, Andrew Jackson allowed the postmaster general to censor any newspapers critical of slavery. The [[United States Congress#House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] banned examining antislavery petitions.<ref name=":10">{{Citation|author=[[Domenico Losurdo]]|year=2011|title=Liberalism: A Counter-History|chapter=Were Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century England and America Liberal?|page=102|publisher=Verso|isbn=9781844676934|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=5BB3406BC2E64972831A1C00D5D4BFE4|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacebhsj2yxuoudkhkjp6lzgr5jvgyhu76zxe4gw3d65gpg32a6nded4?filename=Domenico%20Losurdo%2C%20Gregory%20Elliott%20-%20Liberalism_%20A%20Counter-History-Verso%20%282011%29.pdf}}</ref>

==== Slave rebellions and enslaved Africans ====
[[Peasantry|Yeoman farmers]], who did not own slave labour, made up two-thirds of whites. They sometimes supported the institution of slavery but also occasionally challenged the goals of the planter elite where their interests came into conflict, especially on the western frontier (where there were fewer slavers to begin with due to the region's inhospitality to agriculture), advocating for the gradual abolition of slavery. Due to the dominance of cotton in the south, and yeoman farmers there saw, how detrimental it was to their own survival to compete with the slave owning elite, working from dawn until dusk on with their own hands on their own lands. Poor white farms gained more voting rights in the 1830s and 1840s and sought to influence state legislatures about their political and economic concerns. Even then, trouble arose for elite slave owners with nations around the world from Europe to South America abolishing slavery, as the abolition movement picked up steam, an example of which, Britain's emancipation of <nowiki>''</nowiki>all slaves<nowiki>''</nowiki> in 1834, so elite white farmers came up with a system that was to ensure the institution of slavery was to be intact forever. With the three-fifths compromise, giving elite whites political power in congress, white elite planters also consolidated power, by making loans to those in need, hiring poor whites for work, as well as using resources to transport crops of yeoman farmers to the market. Even if some yeoman farmers didn't participate in the institution of slavery, they had major incentives not to end it because white settler colonial elites had made white society dependent upon themselves. White settler-colonialism, and its justification for the institution for slavery, was a political and economic move, to coerce, and influence those in slavery, and those who didn't contribute to slavery as much as actual slave owners, to disprove the evils, and horrors of slavery and to justify its evil to end it. The white settler elite created the idea of white supremacy to uphold white society together under elitist control. The idea that all whites were equal and superior towards black African slaves, was not in question due to the lower, and poor white farmers, who either did or did not support the idea of white supremacy, not having any benefits to opposing the idea of it, since the elite white farmers did in fact keep the yeoman poor farmers alive, and sustainable. Two justifying phrases include those that explain slavery, as a <nowiki>''</nowiki>necessary evil<nowiki>''</nowiki> or a <nowiki>''</nowiki>positive good<nowiki>''</nowiki>. [[John C. Calhoun]] noted that:

<nowiki>''</nowiki>I hold that in the present state of civilization, where two races of different origin, and distinguished by color, and other physical differences, as well as intellectual, are brought together, the relation now existing in the slaveholding States between the two, is, instead of an evil, a good - positive good... There never has yet existed a wealthy and civilized society in which one portion of the community did not, in point of fact, live on the labor of the other. Broad and general as is this assertion, it is fully borne out by history... I fearlessly assert that the existing relation between the two races in the South, against which these blind fanatics are waging war, forms the most solid and durable foundation on which to rear free and stable political institutions.<nowiki>''</nowiki>

Explaining the <nowiki>''inherent'', and ''moral'', as well as, ''necessary''</nowiki>, domination of the white race over the black, race bound southern society together. The planter elite and forged a unbreakable tie with the lower white classes and established a stronghold on southern culture.{{Citation needed}}

===== Nat Turner's rebellion =====
The largest slave rebellion in the United States happened near New Orleans in 1811. 400 or 500 armed slaves overthrew the plantation owner and began liberating slaves from other plantations. The U.S. army crushed the uprising, immediately killing 66 rebels and executing 16 later.

In 1822, [[Denmark Vesey]] planned to start a large rebellion in Charleston, [[South Carolina]], which was the sixth largest city in the USA. When authorities found out, they hanged Vesey and 34 others. The trial record was destroyed soon after.

Nat Turner's Rebellion, was an organized slave revolt in Virginia, led by an enslaved worker named Nat Turner. Being a spiritual individual he believed that god had chosen him for a mission. In obedience to that vision, Turner and his followers began by killing his masters in Southhampton county and then headed to other plantations to do the same. In the end Turner and his followers had killed 57 white people and the next day the Virginia Militia encountered the rebels and squashed the rebellion. Turner and 55 others believed to be his conspirators were hanged. And as a result of this, Virginia planters panicked, and unleashed terror on an estimated 200 of their enslaved workers, beating all of them and killing many.<ref name=":024">{{Citation|author=[[Howard Zinn]]|year=1980|title=A People's History of the United States|title-url=https://www.howardzinn.org/collection/peoples-history/|chapter=Slavery without Submission, Emancipation without Freedom|page=165–166|pdf=https://files.libcom.org/files/A%20People's%20History%20of%20the%20Unite%20-%20Howard%20Zinn.pdf|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=0060194480}}</ref>

===== John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry =====
[[John Brown]] tried to start a slave rebellion in Virginia in 1859. He failed and was executed by hanging.<ref name=":122" />

=== Civil War era ===
{{Main article|Statesian Civil War}}
[[File:Statesian civil war map.svg|thumb|United States in blue and Confederacy in red. Light blue states remained in the Union but allowed slavery.]]
In January 1861, several slave states seceded from the USA to form the [[Confederate States of America (1861–1865)|Confederate States of America]]. They seized an army base at Fort Sumter in April, beginning a war against the United States. In addition the the Union Army, the Confederacy also fought against [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] units of indigenous peoples and former slaves in Kansas.<ref name=":03">{{Citation|author=[[Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz]]|year=2014|title=An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States|chapter="Indian Country"|pdf=https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/10601/An%20Indigenous%20Peoples%20History%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Ortiz.pdf|city=Boston, Massachusetts|publisher=Beacon Press|isbn=9780807000403|page=}}</ref>:133–6

==== Reconstruction ====
After the defeat of the Confederacy, [[United States Congress|Congress]] passed a series of laws putting the south under military rule. The army prevented former Confederates from voting and organized an anti-secessionist electorate. They elected delegates to create new state constitutions so their states could rejoin the USA. The army enfranchised almost 700,000 Black people and prevented 200,000 Confederates from voting. Most Confederate leaders were only jailed for short periods or not at all, and only one, Henry Wirz, was executed.

President [[Ulysses S. Grant]] declared martial law in nine counties of [[South Carolina]] to combat the [[Ku Klux Klan]] and arrested 500 to 600 people. In 1872, an amnesty act restored voting rights to most Confederates and only kept the top 300 or 400 disenfranchised. Many former slave owners fled to [[Federative Republic of Brazil#Empire era (1822–1889)|Brazil]] or [[Cuba]].<ref name=":0232">{{Citation|author=Albert Szymanski|year=1984|title=Human Rights in the Soviet Union|chapter=The Land of the Free|page=160–161|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceazdmtb2y3qq27fve5ib3gk7uv2unt6ae2xss74xmfpur7k5uhl5m?filename=Albert%20Szymanski%20-%20Human%20Rights%20in%20the%20Soviet%20Union_%20Including%20Comparisons%20with%20the%20U.S.A.-Zed%20Books%20Ltd.%20%281984%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|isbn=0862320186|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=C597B1232D9EA6B0F3DCB438D7E15A81}}</ref> Reconstruction ended in 1877, leading to the creation of a white supremacist dictatorship in the south.<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Domenico Losurdo]]|year=2011|title=Liberalism: A Counter-History|chapter=The West and the Barbarians|page=222|publisher=Verso|isbn=9781844676934|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=5BB3406BC2E64972831A1C00D5D4BFE4|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacebhsj2yxuoudkhkjp6lzgr5jvgyhu76zxe4gw3d65gpg32a6nded4?filename=Domenico%20Losurdo%2C%20Gregory%20Elliott%20-%20Liberalism_%20A%20Counter-History-Verso%20%282011%29.pdf}}</ref>

=== Westward expansion ===
[[File:Western US wars map.png|thumb|Map of military bases and battles against indigenous nations between 1860 and 1890]]The US passed the first of several [[Homestead Acts]] in 1862, establishing a homesteading system for westward expansion by settlers, resulting in 270 million acres of land being "claimed" and "settled." The Homestead Act would remain in effect until 1976, with additional provisions for homesteading in Alaska until 1986.<ref name=":13">{{Citation|author=Douglas W. Allen and Bryan Leonard|year=2024|title=Late Homesteading: Native Land Dispossession through Strategic Occupation|title-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/late-homesteading-native-land-dispossession-through-strategic-occupation/7E9F48FE4E0960870DE63C4257A43432|publisher=American Political Science Review|doi=10.1017/S0003055423001466|volume=119}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=National Park Service|title=About the Homestead Act|url=https://www.nps.gov/home/learn/historyculture/abouthomesteadactlaw.htm}}</ref>

The U.S. Army fought 943 battles and skirmishes against native peoples between 1865 and 1898. Settlers reduced the native population in California from 150,000 in 1845 to 18,000 in 1890.<ref name=":12322">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|isbn=9780520972070|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05|page=157–66|chapter=The Permanent Indian Frontier}}</ref>

The Arapaho, Arikara, Assiniboine, Cheyenne, Crow, Gros Ventre, Mandan, and [[Lakota people|Sioux]] signed a treaty with the United States that reserved them to certain areas of land in exchange for the government paying them goods for ten years. It allowed the government to build roads and forts on their reservations. Despite the promise of goods, many natives were starving by 1853.

The Dakota people of [[Minnesota]] were starving by 1862 and began a revolt against the settlers. The Union crushed them and hanged 38 in the largest mass execution in U.S. history. [[John Chivington]]'s volunteers killed 133 Cheyennes and Arapahos on the Sand Creek reservation. Colonel [[Patrick Connor]] massacred the Shoshone, Bannock, and Ute in [[Nevada]] and [[Utah]]. [[James Carleton]] fought against [[Cochise]], the leader of the [[Apache|Apaches]], in Arizona. He enlisted [[Kit Carson]], who forced 8,000 [[Navajo]] people to march 300 miles to a concentration camp in the [[New Mexico]] desert. A quarter of them starved to death.<ref name=":03" />:136–9

In 1871, the Indian Appropriation Act unilaterally ended US recognition of indigenous nationhood and ended treaty-making with indigenous nations.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14">{{Web citation|author=Mark Hirsch|newspaper=American Indian Magazine|title=1871: The End of Indian Treaty-Making|date=2014|url=https://www.americanindianmagazine.org/story/1871-end-indian-treaty-making}}</ref>

[[Black Kettle]] (''Mo'ôhtavetoo'o'') of the Cheyenne survived the Sand Creek massacre and was forced into Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). The Army killed civilians in response to a guerrilla resistance. Black Kettle rode out unarmed to meet with [[George Custer]], and Custer ordered his soldiers to shoot him even though he was flying a white flag.<ref name=":03" />:145–6 In 1874, the Army attacked Arapahos, Cheyennes, Comanches, and Kiowas in northern Texas and destroyed their supplies, forcing them onto reservations.<ref name=":12322" />

In 1877, [[Chief Joseph]] (''Hinmatóowyalahtq̓it'') of the [[Nez Perce]] led 800 civilians out of Idaho and towards the Canadian border. They held out for four months while 2,000 soldiers pursued them. In 1878, [[Little Wolf]] (''Ó'kôhómôxháahketa'') and [[Dull Knife]] (''Vóóhéhéve'') led more than 3,000 Cheyenne out of Oklahoma and back to their homeland in [[Montana]] and [[Wyoming]]. The military caught them and put them on a reservation that included only part of their homeland.<ref name=":03" />:149–50

The Lakota and Cheyenne, led by [[Crazy Horse]] (''Tȟašúŋke Witkó'') and [[Sitting Bull]] (''Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake''), killed Custer and defeated his entire Seventh Cavalry at Little Bighorn in 1876. A year later, the USA captured Crazy Horse and killed him when he tried to escape.<ref name=":03" />:151–2 In response, the Army began a ruthless campaign that ended with the Wounded Knee massacre of 1890, killing up to 300 unarmed and starving people. With the decline of the resistance, the number of forts dropped from 187 to 118.<ref name=":12322" />

By 1879, dozens of native nations were confined to Indian Territory.<ref name=":12322" /> [[Geronimo]] (''Goyaałé'') of the Apache nation led a resistance war against the U.S. colonizers from 1850 to 1886.<ref name=":9" /> He surrendered as a prisoner of war, and the Army sent him and his nation to Fort Sill in Indian Territory.<ref name=":03" />:150–51

With the [[General Allotment Act]] (or Dawes Act) of 1887, the US federal government authorized itself to unilaterally abrogate past treaties and divide tribal lands into individually owned parcels and "assign" allotments even to tribal members who refused to participate. Land would be assigned to individuals and then any land that the US deemed "surplus" was then taken and made available for settlers. Tribes generally opposed these transfers and litigation over them is ongoing.<ref name=":13" /> In 1903, the US Supreme Court ruling of the [[Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock]] case decided that the US Congress could abrogate existing treaties with indigenous nations.<ref name=":14" />

The bulk of homesteading by settlers which occurred under the Homestead Acts (first enacted in 1862) took place from 1900 to 1930.<ref name=":13" /> A 2024 research paper asserts that physical occupation by settlers provided a strategic attempt by the US to solidify indigenous land dispossession regardless of legal battles which may ensue following the "enormous and questionable" land transfers which occurred in the latter half of the nineteenth century. As the paper states, "Settler occupation disrupted tribal land uses, physical development, and infrastructure; it also created vested political interests in maintaining non-native settlement. These irreversible effects of settlement meant that even a future legal loss could only result in a payment to tribes, not the return of the land. [...] Thus, the federal state strategically allowed homesteading to continue in order to solidify the transfer of lands away from tribes. This strategy complemented the various political forces that wanted lands to remain in the hands of non-native settlers."<ref name=":13" /> Despite these various maneuvers by the US settler colonial entity to entrench its grip over land, indigenous nations have continued their ongoing resistance to assert and preserve their sovereignty and resist land dispossession by a variety of methods.

===Rise as global empire===
Between the end of the Civil War and the invasion of Cuba in 1898, the United States expanded its army from 25,000 to almost 300,000 troops.<ref name=":83">{{Citation|author=[[Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz]]|year=2014|title=An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States|chapter=US Triumphalism and Peacetime Colonialism|page=164|pdf=https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/10601/An%20Indigenous%20Peoples%20History%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Ortiz.pdf|city=Boston|publisher=Beacon Press Books|series=ReVisioning American History|title-url=}}</ref>

The USA began an attack against the workers' movement following the [[Haymarket affair]] of 1886 and executed four [[Anarchism|anarchists]], including two who had not been involved in the incident. Soon after, the police raided the houses of dissidents throughout Chicago and destroyed foreign language newspapers. Leaders of the [[Noble Order of the Knights of Labor|Knights of Labor]] from multiple states were also arrested.

Starting in 1892, states began to declare martial law in order to suppress [[Strike action|strikes]]. In 1903, 1,000 troops invaded the town of Cripple Creek, Colorado, arrested 600 strikers, and held them in prison for weeks without trial.<ref name=":0233">{{Citation|author=Albert Szymanski|year=1984|title=Human Rights in the Soviet Union|chapter=The Land of the Free|page=|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceazdmtb2y3qq27fve5ib3gk7uv2unt6ae2xss74xmfpur7k5uhl5m?filename=Albert%20Szymanski%20-%20Human%20Rights%20in%20the%20Soviet%20Union_%20Including%20Comparisons%20with%20the%20U.S.A.-Zed%20Books%20Ltd.%20%281984%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|isbn=0862320186|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=C597B1232D9EA6B0F3DCB438D7E15A81}}</ref>

==== Austronesian genocide ====
By the end of the 19th century, the United States would find itself as a predominant imperialist power in the world, invading countries such as the [[Philippines]] in a brutal war for control. [[J. Sakai]] recounts that, "U.S. Brig. Gen. James Bell, upon returning to the U.S. in 1901, said that his men had killed one out of every six Filipinos on the main island of Luzon (that would be some one million deaths just there). It is certain that at least 200,000 Filipinos died in the genocidal conquest. In Samar province, where the patriotic resistance to the U.S. invaders was extremely persistent, U.S. Gen. Jacob Smith ordered his troops to shoot every Filipino man, woman or child they could find 'over ten' (years of age)."<ref>Sakai 2014, p. 111</ref>

The United States would expand beyond its continental borders with the colonialist acquisition of lands such as [[Hawaii]], the Philippines, [[Guam]], etc. With the attack on several of these territories by the [[Japanese empire]], most notably at Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt would downplay the colonialist additions to the American empire, such as the Philippines, and give more emphasis to the U.S. territory of Hawaii (which was not yet a state during this time). From Daniel Immerwahr's ''How To Hide An Empire: A History of the Greater United States'':<blockquote>"Why did Roosevelt demote the Philippines? We don't know, but it's not hard to guess. Roosevelt was trying to tell a clear story: Japan had attacked the United States. But he faced a problem. ''Were'' Japan's targets considered 'the United States'? Legally, yes, they were indisputably U.S. territory. But would the public see them that way? What if Roosevelt's audience didn't care that Japan had attacked the Philippines or Guam? Polls taken slightly before the attack show that few in the continental United States supported a military defense of those remote territories.

Consider how similar events played out more recently. On August 7, 1998, al-Qaeda launched simultaneous attacks on U.S. embassies in Nairobi, [[Republic of Kenya|Kenya]], and Dar es Salaam, [[United Republic of Tanzania|Tanzania]]. Hundreds died (mostly Africans), and thousands were wounded. But though those embassies were outposts of the United States, there was little public sense that the country ''itself'' had been harmed. It would take another set of simultaneous attacks three years later, on New York City and Washington, D.C., to provoke an all-out war."<ref>{{Citation|author=Daniel Immerwahr|year=2019|title=How to hide an empire: a history of the greater United States|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=9780374172145|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9D70A450044495E0D851721E77D5C8A1|page=6}}</ref></blockquote>While an embassy is different from a territory, as the book concedes, a similar logic was at play. And as Immerwahr says, Hawaii had more Americans and was closer to statehood. However, as Immerwahr explains, even Roosevelt felt the need to say that the "American island of Oahu" was attacked and that "very many American lives" had been lost. As Immerwahr says in explaining the nationalism implicit in Roosevelt's speech after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor: "An ''American'' island, where ''American'' lives were lost - that was the point he was trying to make. If the Philippines was being rounded down to foreign, [[Hawaii|Hawai'i]] was being rounded up to 'American.'"<ref>{{Citation|author=Daniel Immerwahr|year=2019|title=How to hide an empire: a history of the greater United States|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=9780374172145|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9D70A450044495E0D851721E77D5C8A1|page=7}}</ref>

==== First World War ====
{{Main article|First World War}}The [[Socialist Party of America]] and [[Industrial Workers of the World]] opposed U.S. involvement in the First World War. In May 1918, the USA passed the [[Sedition Act]], banning opposition to the war, and arrested New York SPA leader [[Benjamin Gitlow]]. Arizona, California, Montana, New York, and West Virginia passed laws banning left-wing activism. 27 farmers from South Dakota were sent to prison for petitioning against the war. Between 1917 and 1923, 33 states banned the use of red flags. In April 1918, 113 IWW members were convicted of over 10,000 offenses. [[Bill Haywood|Big Bill Haywood]], who was sentenced to 20 years in prison, escaped to the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]]. In addition to socialists, the United States suppressed pro-[[Republic of Ireland|Irish]] publications that criticized the British Empire. [[Eugene V. Debs|Eugene Debs]], who was imprisoned following an anti-war speech in June 1918, ran for president in 1920 and received over a million votes.<ref name=":0233" />:161–70

===== Invasion of Russia =====
In December 1917, the United States authorized aid to anti-communist forces in southern [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russia]] and the Caucasus.<ref>{{Citation|author=David S. Foglesong|year=1995|title=America's Secret War against Bolshevism|title-url=https://archive.org/details/americassecretwa0000davi|chapter=The British Connection|page=76|pdf=|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|anna=https://annas-archive.org/md5/1fa9443fced17a62f384d8e7b84f4b56}}</ref> At the end of the First World War, [[Woodrow Wilson]] sent 15,000 troops to western and eastern Russia to fight the Bolsheviks and limit the power of Japan. The USA occupied Vladivostok from August 1918 to April 1920.<ref name=":02222">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|chapter=The Military Opens Doors|page=218|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520972070|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05}}</ref>

===== Palmer Raids =====
On January 2, 1920, federal agents led by [[A. Mitchell Palmer]] arrested over 4,000 dissidents in 33 cities across 23 states. Between 1917 and 1921, they deported 900 leftists. During this same period, the KKK and [[American Legion]] attacked [[Left–right political spectrum|leftists]] and [[trade unionists]]. Membership of the newly founded [[Communist Party of the United States of America|CPUSA]] dropped from 70,000 to 12,000, the [[Socialist Party of America|SPA]] from 110,000 to 10,000, and the [[Industrial Workers of the World|IWW]] from over 100,000 to under 10,000.<ref name=":0233" />:169–72

==== Great Depression ====
{{Main article|Great Depression}}Political repression weakened after 1923 but resumed following the economic collapse of 1929. Ben Boloff, a [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian]] immigrant and CPUSA member, was arrested in 1930 and sentenced to ten years in prison. [[Dirk De Jonge]], leader of the Oregon Communist Party, was sentenced to seven years in prison in 1934. Patterson, [[New Jersey]], banned all labour meetings and pro-worker protests.<ref name=":0233" />:172–73

===== New Deal =====

==== Second World War ====
{{Main article|Second World War}}Because the CPUSA initially stayed neutral in the Second World War, the United States arrested some of its members, including General Secretary [[Earl Browder]]. The [[Smith Act]], passed in 1940, criminalized opposition to the U.S. government or war effort and was used against [[Socialist Workers Party (United States)|Trotskyists]] as well as [[German American Bund|Nazis]]. After the entry of the USSR into the war, the CPUSA changed its line, and [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]] pardoned Browder.<ref name=":0233" />

In September 1940, the USA gave 50 old destroyers to the UK in exchange for taking control of British bases in the [[Americas]]. The bases were located in eight British colonies: [[Antigua and Barbuda|Antigua]], the [[Commonwealth of The Bahamas|Bahamas]], [[Bermuda]], [[Co-operative Republic of Guyana|Guiana]], [[Jamaica]], [[Newfoundland]], and [[Saint Lucia]], and [[Republic of Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad]].<ref name=":0222">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|chapter=Reopening the Frontier|page=|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520972070|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05}}</ref>:223–4 Only nine of the destroyers actually worked. The USA also used the [[Lend-Lease]] program to give military aid to at least thirty countries, starting with the UK. [[Republic of China|China]], [[Hellenic Republic|Greece]], [[Kingdom of Norway|Norway]], and the Soviet Union later joined the program.<ref name=":0222" />:235–7

The U.S. government forced 112,000 [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese]] people living west of the Mississippi River into concentration camps in remote areas, giving them only two days to two weeks of warning. The camps were surrounded by barbed wire and guard towers and did not allow Japanese culture and language. The army confined and isolated strikers.<ref name=":0233" />:173–75

After the defeat of Japan, the United States resurrected and rebooted its former enemy to be used as a satellite state against [[socialism]], similar to West Germany and Italy.<ref name=":110">{{Citation|author=Stephen Gowans|year=2018|title=Patriots, Traitors and Empires: The Story of Korea’s Struggle for Freedom|chapter=Suppressing a Worldwide Movement for Liberty|page=105–107|pdf=https://ipfs.io/ipfs/bafykbzaced4iiga4ngtxusr2civjxewbili5jne2sbpefbx2s3im2kphattzc?filename=Stephen%20Gowans%20-%20Patriots%2C%20Traitors%20and%20Empires_%20The%20Story%20of%20Korea%E2%80%99s%20Struggle%20for%20Freedom-Baraka%20Books%20%282018%29.pdf|city=Montreal|publisher=Baraka Books|isbn=9781771861427|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=8435F6FF91279531705764823FDC2A7F}}</ref>The USA became the most powerful empire in history and controlled both ends of Eurasia from Japan to the Britain.<ref name=":022222">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|chapter=Normalizing Occupation|page=301|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520972070|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05}}</ref>

=== Cold War ===

==== Red Scare ====
{{Main article|Second Red Scare}}

==== Invasion of Korea ====
{{Main article|Fatherland Liberation War}}

==== Civil Rights movement and counterculture ====
By 1972, more than 500 municipalities had created political police squads to target radicals. Los Angeles had 167 political agents (1970), New York had 361 (1972), and Chicago had over 1,000 (1969). The New York police had files on 1.2 million political dissidents. The government actively spied on over 250,000 Statesians in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] created a list of dissidents who would immediately be arrested or investigated in the event of a [[Proletarian revolution|national emergency]]. This list included [[Black nationalism|black nationalists]], [[Anarchism|anarchists]], and [[Students for a Democratic Society|SDS]] members. The FBI sabotaged [[Marxism|Marxist]] and [[Civil rights movement|black liberation movements]] by planting information claiming their members were informants and infiltrated the SDS with [[Agent provocateur|agent provocateurs]].<ref name=":0233" />:187–88

==== Invasion of Vietnam ====
{{Main article|Vietnam War}}

==== War on Drugs ====

===21st century===

==== Internal crises ====
The US is embroiled in crisis as its middle class (the [[Petty bourgeoisie|petit bourgeoisie]]) is increasingly impoverished.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/the-state-of-americas-middle-class-in-eight-charts/ The State of America’s Middle Class in Eight Charts] PBS Frontline by Jason M. Breslow and Evan Wexler on July 9th, 2013</ref><ref>[https://americansystemnow.com/deindustrialization-is-killing-america/ Deindustrialization is Killing America]</ref> This is due to the capitalist class deciding to offshore well-paying industrial jobs to lower-income countries,<ref>[https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2019/08/a-new-assessment-of-the-role-of-offshoring-in-the-decline-in-us-manufacturing-employment.html A New Assessment of the Role of Offshoring in the Decline in US Manufacturing Employment] on Naked Capitalism by Yves Smith on Aug 16, 2019</ref> as well expansionary monetary policy<ref>[https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202104/1220364.shtml US’ excessive money-printing prompts de-dollarization] on [[Global Times]] by Ma Jingjing published on April 6th, 2021 </ref> which enriches the bourgeoisie through asset price inflation,<ref>[https://fee.org/articles/the-cantillon-effect-because-of-inflation-we-re-financing-the-financiers/ The Cantillon Effect: Because of Inflation, We’re Financing the Financiers] on Fee.org by Jessica Schultz on Oct 28, 2018</ref> and deepens the crisis among the poor by weakening their purchasing power.

As a result of this ongoing crisis of capitalism, populist movements have risen to challenge the rule of "the elites." [[Occupy Wall Street]] was a popular movement against the financial elites in 2011. During the 2016 presidential election, the corporate-owned media attacked both the left-wing populist [[Bernie Sanders]], as well as the right-wing populist [[Donald Trump]]. The Democratic Party's strategy to "elevate Trump" to make the Republican ticket look unsavory ended up backfiring and resulting in Trump's victory.

With the economic hardships of the 2020's, a growing number of Americans, often of younger ages, have begun to lose faith in capitalism.<ref>{{News citation|author=Laura Wronski|newspaper=SurveyMoney|title=Axios{{!}}Momentive Poll: Capitalism and Socialism|date=2021-6-11|url=https://www.surveymonkey.com/curiosity/axios-capitalism-update/|retrieved=2022-6-11}}</ref> While many of these discontent people have achieved [[consciousness]] in how many problems (constant wars, [[homelessness]], [[Climate change|global warming]], etc.) in society can ultimately be traced back to capitalism, and have therefore aligned themselves with [[Marxism|Marxist]] or otherwise [[socialist]] ideologies, there are many other malcontent people who have taken to the far-right. A trend that is present especially among the middle-class, there has been an increase in the popularity of populist and xenophobic groups, as well as an increasing [[Fascism|fascistization]] of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] (one of the two ruling parties in the Statesian government).<ref>{{Citation|author=Marc-André Argentino, Blyth Crawford, Florence Keen, Hannah Rose|year=2021|title=Far-From-Gone:The Evolutionof Extremism in the First 100 Daysof the Biden Administration|title-url=https://icsr.info/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ICSR-Report-Far-From-Gone-The-Evolution-of-Extremism-in-the-First-100-Days-of-the-Biden-Administration.pdf|chapter=3. The 6 January Insurrectionists: Narratives and Motivations|section=Discontent with Presidential Election Results|page=63-72|pdf=https://icsr.info/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ICSR-Report-Far-From-Gone-The-Evolution-of-Extremism-in-the-First-100-Days-of-the-Biden-Administration.pdf|city=London|publisher=International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation|trans-lang=English}}</ref><ref>{{News citation|author=Alison Durkee|newspaper=Forbes|title=More Than Half Of Republicans Believe Voter Fraud Claims And Most Still Support Trump, Poll Finds|date=2021-4-5|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2021/04/05/more-than-half-of-republicans-believe-voter-fraud-claims-and-most-still-support-trump-poll-finds/?sh=7edebb081b3f|retrieved=2022-6-10}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|author=Dr. Robert A. Pape|year=2021|title=UNDERSTANDING AMERICAN DOMESTIC TERRORISM|title-url=https://d3qi0qp55mx5f5.cloudfront.net/cpost/i/docs/americas_insurrectionists_online_2021_04_06.pdf?mtime=1617807009|chapter=STUDY 1:WHO ARE THE INSURRECTIONISTS AND WHERE DID THEY COME FROM|section=MANY BUSINESS OWNERS/WHITECOLLAR|page=6-9|pdf=https://d3qi0qp55mx5f5.cloudfront.net/cpost/i/docs/americas_insurrectionists_online_2021_04_06.pdf?mtime=1617807009|city=The University of Chicago|publisher=Chicago Project on Security and Threats|trans-lang=English}}</ref>

===== Mass shootings and racism =====

====External losses====
The American empire has been on the decline since the 21st century and possibly earlier. This is a slow process that will take years to complete however. One major factor of this decline is the United States' incapacity to respond to the [[People's Republic of China]]'s [[Belt and Road Initiative]], as more countries are moving towards the PRC and away from the USA for trade and loans.

If a superpower is measured through objective metrics such as scientific output (number of research papers per year),<ref>https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20206/</ref> exports & other trade metrics,<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/264623/leading-export-countries-worldwide/<nowiki/>archive: https://archive.ph/dKloW</ref> GDP,<ref>https://www.indexmundi.com/g/r.aspx?t=10&v=65 - GDP adapted to purchasing power parity (PPP)</ref> then these metrics show the US is on the decline and has been for several years. In subjective metrics, a superpower's hegemony is measured in its soft power (putting compradors in power abroad to ensure collaboration), its cultural exports (media, entertainment, software), and generally its respect in the world. In these trends too we see the USA declining. They have been unable for some time to ensure compradors in other countries, and are becoming less respected in the eyes of the international community (see list below). The United States' cultural export is still high, but even at home people are increasingly moving away from domestic entertainment, though it remains to be seen if this will be a lasting trend.

Other losses that the American empire has had to endure in the 21st century include, in chronological order:

* The [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks]] completely blindsided intelligence and security agencies and showed a very big weakness in the imperial apparatus; it was not as invincible as it thought.
* A smear campaign originated in the US media in January 2019 when [[Venezuela|Venezuelan]] president [[Nicolás Maduro]] was reelected. US News organisations started reporting about a supposed humanitarian crisis in the country, owing to Maduro's allegedly "disastrous" policies. Two weeks later, president of the Assembly [[Juan Guaidó|Juan Guaido]] proclaimed himself president of Venezuela as he contested Maduro's results under the guise that he was not allowed to run for office a third time as per the constitution. Juan Guaido, who enjoyed very little support at home and was a nobody, was nonetheless instantly recognized as the legitimate president of Venezuela by the United States and other countries and organisations ([[Canada]], [[European Union]]...). An attempted [[Colour revolution|color revolution]] then was planned in Venezuela, but went nowhere. Guaido was then slowly phased out of the public eye in the international community, though he continues to make noise in Venezuela. Maduro remains the president of Venezuela.
* In late 2019, [[Plurinational State of Bolivia|Bolivian]] president [[Evo Morales]] was reelected at his position. The election results were immediately contested by the [[Organization of American States|Organisation of American States]], a US-led organisation for the purpose of securing imperialism on the American continent. While these allegations proved to be false, Morales went in exile for over six months while [[Jeanine Áñez|Jeanine Añez]], a far-right [[comprador]] politician, was placed as an interim. After delaying new elections twice, Añez finally relented and took a huge blow when [[Luis Arce]], from the same party as Morales was elected. Añez is now in prison awaiting trial on various charges including terrorism, sedition, and leading a coup against the government.
* In January 2020, the United States ordered the assassination of [[Islamic Republic of Iran|Iranian]] general [[Qasem Soleimani]] while on visit in Baghdad, [[Iraq]]. Later that month, Iran retaliated by launching an attack on a US military base in Iraq on a scale never seen before. The US did not retaliate against this attack in any way.
* In August 2021, the United States, after 20 years of occupation in [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–2021)|Afghanistan]] to prevent the [[Taliban]] from controlling the state, did exactly the opposite and let the Taliban seize the Afghan state.

It is important to compare this list to earlier imperialist ventures of the United States who, for example, considered South America their "backyard" for most of the 20th century and successfully pulled-off coups and regime changes unimpeded in the region. While the Empire also took losses in the 20th century (the invasion of Vietnam, the Bay of Pigs invasion, etc.), it must only contextualised by looking at the general trends and how these losses are rapidly adding up.

== Genocide of indigenous peoples ==
<blockquote>''See also: [[List of atrocities commited by the United States of America#Genocide%20of%20indigenous%20peoples%20of%20the%20United%20States|List of atrocities committed by the United States of America#Genocide of indigenous peoples of the United States]]''</blockquote>
Over 90% of the indigenous population of North America was killed due to colonization, and some have estimated that no more than 2% of the pre-[[Christopher Columbus|Columbian]] population survived and settlers killed over 18 million indigenous people. From 1641 to the late 18th century, legislation existed that rewarded settlers for killing indigenous peoples, with extra rewards for the scalps of boys.<ref name=":6" />

In 1871, Congress banned native nations from creating treaties and put them under the control of the federal government. Settlers and the Army killed tens of millions of buffalo, the economic base of the Plains, leaving only a few hundred alive by the 1880s.<ref name=":03" />:142

By the late 19th century, the native population had been decimated and the survivors were forced into concentration camps. Native children were forced into boarding schools and prevented from speaking their native languages.<ref name=":2">{{News citation|author=Dennis Etler|newspaper=[[CGTN]]|title=U.S. treatment of Native Americans is a gross human rights violation|date=2021-03-29|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-03-26/U-S-treatment-of-Native-Americans-is-a-gross-human-rights-violation-YVtGCFbCJa/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219235353/https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-03-26/U-S-treatment-of-Native-Americans-is-a-gross-human-rights-violation-YVtGCFbCJa/index.html|archive-date=2022-02-19|retrieved=2022-07-01}}</ref> Several hundred children died in these schools.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=CGTN|title=U.S. govt finds burial sites at 53 Native American boarding schools|date=2022-05-13|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-05-13/U-S-govt-finds-burial-sites-at-53-Native-American-boarding-schools-19ZRXTgFIC4/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513073029/https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-05-13/U-S-govt-finds-burial-sites-at-53-Native-American-boarding-schools-19ZRXTgFIC4/index.html|archive-date=2022-05-13|retrieved=2022-07-01}}</ref> The federal government also set up an educational system to "kill the Indian and save the man" by eliminating Native American religious and cultural traditions.<ref name=":11">{{Citation|author=Jeffrey Ostler|year=2015|title=Empire’s Twin: U.S. Anti-Imperialism from the Founding Era to the Age of Terrorism|chapter=“Native Americans against Empire and Colonial Rule,”|page=53|city=Ithaca, New York|publisher=Cornell University Press}}</ref> These policies were deliberately designed to bring about the extinction of Native American people and their customs.<ref name=":11" /> By 1900, only 190,000 Native Americans in the United States remained alive compared to five million at the beginning of colonization.<ref name=":2" />

[[United States Congress|Congress]] passed House Concurrent Resolution 108 in 1953, terminating tribes in [[State of California|California]], Florida, [[State of New York|New York]], and Texas. Over 100 nations were terminated between 1953 and 1964 and 1.3 million acres of native land were privatized. In 1955, the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]] created offices to relocate natives to cities to be assimilated. They relocated 750,000 natives into cities, where they often experienced severe poverty. By 2010, 78% of natives lived off of reservations.<ref name=":9" />

Many Native Americans are restricted to reservations in remote areas and live in poverty.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=[[CGTN]]|title=Native Americans: The invisible minority in the U.S.|date=2021-05-19|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-05-19/Native-Americans-The-invisible-minority-in-the-U-S--10l6zrdhLMY/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520001321/https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-05-19/Native-Americans-The-invisible-minority-in-the-U-S--10l6zrdhLMY/index.html|archive-date=2021-05-20|retrieved=2022-07-01}}</ref> Overall, Native Americans are twice as likely to be in poverty.<ref name=":1">{{News citation|author=Xin Ping|newspaper=[[CGTN]]|title=Surviving in oblivion: Who cast a miserable shadow over the Native Americans?|date=2022-01-06|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-01-06/Who-cast-a-miserable-shadow-over-the-Native-Americans--16BqNXMyp3i/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107052329/https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-01-06/Who-cast-a-miserable-shadow-over-the-Native-Americans--16BqNXMyp3i/index.html|archive-date=2022-01-07|retrieved=2022-07-01}}</ref> They do not have access to the natural resources of the reservations, which are owned by corporations and mining companies. Indigenous peoples have the worst health and educational outcomes and the highest level of suicide<ref name=":0" /> and indigenous women are 2.5 times more likely to be sexually assaulted.<ref name=":1" /> During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Native American communities were disproportionately affected, with the highest rate of infection and death.<ref name=":2" />

==Government==
{{Main article|Government of the United States of America}}
[[File:US government diagram.png|thumb|Connections between the capitalist [[ruling class]] and the U.S. government]]
[[File:US tax pie chart.png|thumb|The US spends 37% of its income [[tax]] revenue on war.]]
The US political system is a ''de facto'' plutocracy, a government entirely controlled by the wealthy.<ref>{{Web citation|author=TOM MCKAY|newspaper=MIC|title=Princeton Concludes What Kind of Government America Really Has, and It's Not a Democracy|date=2016-4-16|url=https://www.mic.com/articles/87719/princeton-concludes-what-kind-of-government-america-really-has-and-it-s-not-a-democracy|retrieved=2022-8-30}}</ref> The richest three Statesians have more money than the poorest 160 million combined.<ref>{{News citation|author=Tom Kertscher|newspaper=PolitiFact|title='The wealthiest three families now own more wealth than the bottom half of the country.'|date=2019-07-03|url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2019/jul/03/bernie-sanders/bernie-sanders-target-saying-3-richest-have-much-w/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126234218/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2019/jul/03/bernie-sanders/bernie-sanders-target-saying-3-richest-have-much-w/|archive-date=2022-01-26|retrieved=2022-05-01}}</ref> Public support for the U.S. government is very low, with only 2% of Statesians believing the government almost always does what is right and only 19% believing it mostly does the right thing. 7% of Statesians have confidence in Congress, 23% have confidence in the presidency, and 25% have confidence in the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=[[Ben Norton]]|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|title=Polls show almost no one trusts US media, after decades of war propaganda and lies|date=2022-07-30|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/07/30/trust-us-media-war-propaganda/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806143950/https://multipolarista.com/2022/07/30/trust-us-media-war-propaganda/|archive-date=2022-08-06|retrieved=2022-08-07}}</ref> Protests are illegal without permits from the government, and police often attack protestors with clubs and chemical weapons. It is illegal for protestors to wear helmets or gas masks to protect themselves.<ref name=":05">{{Citation|author=Austin Murphy|year=2000|title=The Triumph of Evil|chapter=A Detailed Autopsy of the Collapse of the Superior System in the Divided Germany|page=141|pdf=https://mltheory.files.wordpress.com/2017/06/austin-murphy-the-triumph-of-evil.pdf|city=Fucecchio|publisher=European Press Academic Publishing|isbn=8883980026}}</ref>

The US is also a ''de facto'' [[one-party state]],<ref>{{Citation|author=Mark J. Green|year=1982|title=Winning Back America|title-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oa3VExRT2s8C&q=%22Yes,+we+have+one+party+here.+But+so+does+America.+Except,+with+typical+extravagance,+they+have+two+of+them.%22&dq=%22Yes,+we+have+one+party+here.+But+so+does+America.+Except,+with+typical+extravagance,+they+have+two+of+them.%22&hl=es-419&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiI5N6FrafqAhXoHbkGHehvD1UQ6AEwAXoECAAQAg|quote='Yes, we have one party here. But so does America. Except, with typical extravagance, they have two of them!'|publisher=Bantam Books|isbn=9780553226300}}</ref> with aesthetical differences between its two main parties, the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] and the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]], but both parties follow common policies, especially abroad. The ruling capitalist oligarchy has two factions: the Democratic Party which is center-right<ref>[http://www.thebreezepaper.com/news-blog/2020/12/18/like-it-or-not-the-democratic-party-is-a-right-wing-party Like it or Not, the Democratic Party is a Right-Wing Party]</ref> and is controlled by the monopolistic managerial [[bourgeoisie]] who seeks to maintain the stability of the imperialist system by being less [[reactionary]] on inconsequential social issues, and the Republican Party, which is more reactionary and backwards when it comes to social issues<ref>[https://www.salon.com/2019/07/05/how-did-the-republican-party-become-so-conservative/ How did the Republican Party become so conservative?]</ref> and tends to pander to the [[Petty bourgeoisie|petit bourgeoisie]] in their effort to deepen the exploitation of labor.

The election system further solidifies this duopoly with its "First Past the Post" system, resulting in citizens having to choose "the lesser of two evils." The two political parties stir up public debate around their small disagreements to create a facade of democracy, but bipartisan agreement reigns on questions of foreign policy (imperialism, war, attacking socialist countries) as well as domestic policies such as prioritizing funding for police repression over social programs such as free housing, higher education, healthcare, etc.

Given the presence of campaign donations and lobbying (legalized [[corruption]]), the billionaires who buy off politicians to serve their will are sometimes referred to as the "donor class".<ref name="NYT-19980719">{{Web citation|journalist=Bob Herbert|date=1998-07-19|title=The Donor Class|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/19/opinion/in-america-the-donor-class.html|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref>

In his autobiographical account of taking on monopolistic corporations as president, President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] recounted:<blockquote>…we had come to the stage where for our people what was needed was a real democracy; and of all forms of tyranny the least attractive and the most vulgar is the tyranny of mere wealth, the tyranny of a plutocracy.<ref>{{Web citation|title=Roosevelt, Theodore. 1913. An Autobiography: XII. The Big Stick and the Square Deal|url=http://www.bartleby.com/55/12.html}}</ref></blockquote>Despite various anti-monopoly countermeasures (anti-trust legislation, etc.) the underlying system of capitalism and the desire to accumulate more surplus value and increase profitability continues to result in monopolistic formations within the US economy. These monopolies are more powerful than the public state apparatus, and by most approximations can be considered the same object. According to fascist dictator [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]], the merging of corporate power and state power is the definition of fascism.<ref>"Fascism should more appropriately be called corporatism because it is a merger of state and corporate power." --Benito Mussolini. (from Encyclopedia Italiana, Giovanni Gentile, editor)</ref>

==Foreign policy==
[[File:US military bases.png|thumb|Map of Statesian military bases around the world.]]
The United States has long seen itself as a very special nation, playing a uniquely noble role on the world stage. While other nations are said to be guided by vulgar self-interest, the United States is supposedly different; the primary goal of American foreign policy is, according to the [[United States Department of State|State Department]]’s website, to “promote and demonstrate democratic values and advance a free, peaceful, and prosperous world.” Despite these imperialist lies, the United States has been at war for more than 90% of its existence<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Sabir Shah|date=2020-01-09|title=The US Has Been at war 225 out of 243 years since 1776|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/595752-the-us-has-been-at-war-225-out-of-243-years-since-1776|newspaper=The News|retrieved=2022-03-11}}</ref> and has over 800 military bases in foreign countries, compared to 30 for the rest of the world combined.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=David Vine|title=Where in the World Is the U.S. Military?|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/06/us-military-bases-around-the-world-119321/|newspaper=Politico|retrieved=2022-03-11}}</ref>

===Foreign aid and human rights===
The US has a horrific foreign aid record. It seems that American aid is quite a good predictor of human rights abuses, and that this trend goes back decades; according to a 1981 study in the journal ''Comparative Politics,'' US aid is “clearly distributed disproportionately to countries with repressive governments… this distribution represented a pattern and not merely one or a few isolated cases.” Indeed, it is quite easy to find examples of the United States supporting vicious repressive regimes (such as [[Pinochet]]'s Chile, the Shah of Iran, and the military junta of [[El Salvador]]).

Similarly, a 1984 study in the ''Journal of Peace Research'' looked at human rights and US aid under Nixon, Ford, and Carter. The authors found that “under Presidents Nixon and Ford foreign assistance was directly related to levels of human rights violations, i.e. more aid flowed to regimes with higher levels of violation, while under President Carter no clear statistical pattern emerged.” They therefore conclude that “the Carter administration did not implement a policy of human rights which actually guided the disposition of military and economic assistance.” In other words, the US attitude towards human rights seems to vary from outright hostility (under more conservative administrations) to mere indifference (under more liberal ones).<ref>{{Citation|author=Michael Stohl, David Carleton, Steven E. Johnson|year=1984|title=Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Assistance From Nixon to Carter|title-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258155100_Human_Rights_and_US_Foreign_Assistance_From_Nixon_to_Carter|pdf=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=f864f24af8a5e65d8512f5c7ee351a324f485b43|doi=10.1177/002234338402100302}}</ref>

More recent studies have painted a similarly bleak picture. A 2008 book by Rhonda Callaway and Elizabeth Matthews found that “both United States economic and military aid have detrimental effects on security rights of the citizens in recipient states.” They note that these results “provide support for those critical of the US foreign assistance program.” The most recent research has continued to back up these conclusions. A 2016 study in the ''Quarterly Journal of Political Science'' sampled 150 countries from 1972 to 2008, finding that “US aid harms political rights, fosters other forms of state repression (measured along multiple dimensions), and strengthens authoritarian governance. [...] These findings counter the publicly stated objectives of the US government to foster political liberalization abroad via bilateral economic assistance.”

All-in-all, it seems that aid from the United States has a deleterious impact on the human rights situation in recipient nations. It provides military and economic aid to repressive regimes, arming and propping up some of the most vicious dictators on the planet, all in service of its own interests.

[[Alan MacLeod]] of [[MintPress News]] has compiled a thread of times the US military has deliberately bombed hospitals.<ref>@AlanRMacLeod on Twitter: [https://twitter.com/AlanRMacLeod/status/1501981269701373952?s=20&t=4ljxQ0O7WUzqg7tpOHEnHw <nowiki>"A short history of the United States deliberately bombing hospitals [Thread]"</nowiki>] ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220310190033/https://twitter.com/AlanRMacLeod/status/1501981269701373952 (Archived)]''</ref>

===War on Terror===
Lest we think that the harm of US foreign policy stops at providing aid to dictators, the United States has also carried out a great deal of violence all on its own. To demonstrate the enormous death toll of US military intervention and invasion, let's take a look at the post-9/11 "War on Terror," including the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan (among others).

According to a 2019 report from Brown University's Costs of War project, "between 770,000 and 801,000 people have died" in what the report refers to as "America's post-9/11 wars." This tally does not include so-called "indirect deaths," such as those resulting from displacement and the destruction of crucial infrastructure (e.g. water and sanitation systems). In a 2019 article for the ''Hill,'' David Vine (Professor of Anthropology at American University) writes that "total deaths during the post-2001 U.S. wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Pakistan and Yemen [are] likely to reach 3.1 million or more — around 200 times the number of U.S. dead."<ref>The Hill | Reckoning With the Costs of War: It's Time to Take Responsibility</ref> Others have come to similar conclusions. According to a 2018 report from the ''Intercept:''<blockquote>In addition to those killed by direct acts [of] violence, the number of indirect deaths — those resulting from disease, displacement, and the loss of critical infrastructure — is believed to be several times higher, running into the millions.<ref>The Intercept | The Assassination Complex: The Drone Papers</ref></blockquote>These death tolls are backed up by earlier research. A 2009 article from the MIT Center for International Studies, which looked ''only'' at Iraq, found that "we have, at present, between 800,000 and 1.3 million 'excess deaths' in this war as we approach its six-year anniversary." Keep in mind that this is only one of the invaded countries, and that this article was authored in 2009 (more than a decade ago). The current death tolls, when factoring in all nations (as well as the decade of subsequent warfare), are likely many times higher.

The United States government has engaged in a concerted effort to hide the civilian cost of its Middle Eastern wars. According to a 2017 report from the ''New York Times'', the actual rate of civilian causalities inflicted by coalition forces in the Middle East is "more than 31 times that acknowledged by the coalition. It is at such a distance from official claims that, in terms of civilian deaths, this may be the least transparent war in recent American history."

In point of fact, US forces often kill more people than the terrorists they are supposedly there to fight; a 2019 article in the ''New York Times'' reports that "more civilians are being killed by Afghan government and American forces than by the Taliban and other insurgents, according to a [United Nations] report on Wednesday."<ref>The New York Times | U.S. and Afghan Forces Killed More Civilians Than Taliban Did, Report Finds</ref> This is not even mentioning the US drone program, which was detailed in a 2013 report from the ''Intercept.'' To make matters worse, civilian casualties from US wars have been increasing dramatically since Donald Trump took office, according to a 2018 article from the ''Washington Post.''

While it must be noted that the United States did not personally kill all of the millions of people mentioned above, it still bears a heavy burden for these deaths, having initiated the invasions, and started the entire conflict. In the same way that we hold Hitler responsible for the deaths of WWII (since he was the one who started it), so too should we hold the United States responsible for the deaths listed above. For more information on the civilian cost of US intervention, I recommend ''The Deaths of Others: The Fate of Civilians in America's Wars'', a study authored by John Tirman, director of the MIT Center for International Studies.

===Regime change===
The United States has a long history of overthrowing governments it doesn't like, typically then replacing them with brutal dictatorships. There are many, ''many'' examples of this, ranging from Jacobo Arbenz in [[Republic of Guatemala|Guatemala]], to Mohammad Mosaddegh in [[Iran]] (a coup for which the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] actually admitted responsibility in 2013), [[Atrocities committed by the United States of America against Africa|Africa]] ranks third among continents that have experienced the most U.S.-led regime changes, behind Asia and Latin America.

====Chile====
In 1973 the United States helped to overthrow the elected socialist government of [[Salvador Allende]] in [[Chile]], replacing it with the right-wing dictatorship of [[Augusto Pinochet]]. Peter Kornbluh, the director of the National Security Archive's Chile Documentation Project, said the following of Chile:<blockquote>“To see on a piece of paper, for example, the president of the United States ordering the C.I.A. to preemptively overthrow a democratically elected president in Chile is stunning,” Mr. Kornbluh said. “The importance of having these documents in the museum is for the new generations of Chileans to actually see them.”<ref>The New York Times (2017) [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/14/world/americas/chile-coup-cia-museum.html Documenting U.S. Role in Democracy’s Fall and Dictator’s Rise in Chile]</ref></blockquote>As if this were not enough, in a 2014 interview with the ''Atlantic,'' Jack Devine (a former CIA agent who was in Chile at the time of the coup) confirmed that the Nixon administration was directly instructing the CIA to support the coup. According to declassified documents, Nixon had previously ordered Henry Kissinger to "make the economy scream," in an effort to rally support for the right-wing forces. The United States also attempted to prevent Allende from being inaugurated after his election, and provided support for state-terrorist campaigns after the coup. Now that the US role has been established, let's look at what Pinochet did once in power.

To begin with, Pinochet killed, tortured, and "disappeared" tens of thousands of people. According to a 2011 article from the BBC, the "total of recognized victims" numbers over 40,000, including more than 3,000 who were killed or forcibly disappeared. The rest were kidnapped, tortured, exiled, or some combination of the above. Pinochet was one of the most vicious dictators in the history of Latin America, and the United States played a direct role in propping up his regime.<ref>BBC | Chile Recognizes 9,800 More Victims of Pinochet's Rule</ref>

In addition, Pinochet introduced hard-line neoliberal reforms, which did immense damage to Chile's economy. A good study on this was published in 1990 in the journal ''Critical Sociology''. The authors note that growth rates under Pinochet were remarkably unimpressive:<blockquote>The Pinochet model produced growth rates well below the Chilean average established over the 1950-72 period. The average yearly GDP rate of growth in the latter period was 3.9 percent, while the Pinochet regime averaged 1.4 percent over the 1974-83 period... overall growth throughout the 1980s has been far from miraculous: GDP per capita grew at a 1.2 percent average rate between 1980 and 1989, below the 1.7 percent average yearly rate for 1950-72.<ref>Critical Sociology | The Chilean "Economic Miracle": An Empirical Critique</ref></blockquote>In addition, the authors charge Pinochet with "creating a great deal of poverty," noting that unemployment "rose dramatically after the coup," while real wages fell. At the same time, social expenditures were reduced, and "infectious diseases readily associated with poverty, overcrowding, poor hygiene, and inadequate sanitation underwent explosive growth." This assessment is echoed by a study in the ''International Development Planning Review'', which found that "the radical neoliberal policies and structural adjustment of the 1970s and 1980s during the Pinochet regime had severe negative effects on the poor and middle class."<ref>International Development Planning Review | Land of Miracles? A Critical Analysis of Poverty Reduction Strategies in Chile, 1975-2005</ref> The poverty rate itself increased dramatically; according to a report from the North American Congress on Latin America:<blockquote>The number of poor Chileans doubled during the Pinochet regime. By 1989, 44% of Chileans lived in poverty.<ref>NACLA | In Pursuit of "Growth With Equity": The Limits of Chile's Free-Market Social Reforms</ref></blockquote>In addition, it seems that Pinochet's privatizations also helped to create enormous corruption. According to a study in the ''Journal of Economic History,'' "firms were sold underpriced to politically connected buyers." This had predictable consequences:<blockquote>These newly private firms benefited financially from the Pinochet regime. Once democracy arrived, they formed connections with the new government, financed political campaigns, and were more likely to appear in the [[Panama papers|Panama Papers]]. These findings reveal how dictatorships can influence young democracies using privatization reforms.<ref>Journal of Economic History | The Privatization Origins of Political Corporations: Evidence from the Pinochet Regime</ref></blockquote>

=== Neocolonialism ===
The United States has begun the process of looting [[Ukraine]] by forcing the country into enormous debt in exchange for weapons. The USA is once again applying the same lend-lease program it used to facilitate the transfer of the British Empire to Statesian hands in the aftermath of World War II.<ref>{{Web citation|author=United States Congress|newspaper=Congress.gov|title=Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022|date=2022-05-09|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/3522/text|retrieved=2023-01-25|quote=for fiscal years 2022 and 2023, the President may authorize the United States Government to lend or lease defense articles to the Government of Ukraine or to governments of Eastern European countries impacted by the Russian Federation's invasion of Ukraine to help bolster those countries' defense capabilities and protect their civilian populations from potential invasion or ongoing aggression by the armed forces of the Government of the Russian Federation.}}</ref>

==Domestic policy==

=== Education ===
The U.S. education system promotes [[anti-communism]] and [[racism]] and denies or apologizes for U.S. war crimes. By law, teachers are not allowed to go against Western capitalist ideology.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Red Patriot]]|title=Anti-Communism in the American Classroom|date=2022-06-28|url=https://redpat.org/2022/06/anti-communism-in-the-american-classroom/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628162757/https://redpat.org/2022/06/anti-communism-in-the-american-classroom/|archive-date=2022-06-28|retrieved=2022-08-27}}</ref> Due to extreme inequality in educational funding, about 130 million Statesians, or 50% of the adult population, have low literacy and are unable to read above 6th grade level.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Emily Schmidt|newspaper=APM Research Lab|title=Reading the Numbers: 130 Million American Adults Have Low Literacy Skills, But Funding Differs Drastically By State|date=2022-03-16|url=https://www.apmresearchlab.org/10x-adult-literacy|retrieved=2023-03-28}}</ref>

===Poverty===
According to a study from the Brookings Institute:<blockquote>53 million Americans between the ages of 18 to 64—accounting for 44% of all workers—qualify as “low-wage.” Their median hourly wages are $10.22, and median annual earnings are about $18,000.<ref>Brookings Institute | Low-Wage Work is More Prevalent Than You Think, and There Aren't Enough Good Jobs to Go Around</ref></blockquote>Almost ''half'' of the American workforce is officially "low-wage," and that's only if we use an ''extremely'' low standard (below minimum wage, in some states). This is especially horrifying when we remember how many deaths can be directly linked to poverty and deprivation in the United States. According to a study from Columbia University:<blockquote>Overall, 4.5% of U.S. deaths were found to be attributable to poverty... the number of deaths the researchers calculated as attributable to low education (245,000) is comparable to the number caused by heart attacks (192,898), which was the leading cause of U.S. deaths in 2000. The number of deaths attributable to racial segregation (176,000) is comparable to the number from cerebrovascular disease (167,661), the third leading cause of death in 2000, and the number attributable to low social support (162,000) compares to deaths from lung cancer (155,521).<ref>Columbia University | How Many US Deaths Are Caused by Poverty, Lack of Education, and Other Social Factors?</ref></blockquote>Hundreds of thousands of people are dying every year because of poverty, deprivation, and lack of access to social services. Almost half of people 55 or older have no retirement savings.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=Gao|title=Retirement Security: Most Households Approaching Retirement Have Low Savings, an Update|date=2019-05-26|url=https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-19-442r|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414181743/https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-19-442r|archive-date=2022-04-14|retrieved=2022-07-01}}</ref>

===Healthcare===
The U.S. healthcare system is among the most dysfunctional institutions imaginable, with the highest costs in the world, and some of the worst outcomes of any advanced country.<ref>{{News citation|author=Roosa Tikkanen, Melinda K. Abrams|newspaper=The Commonwealth Fund|title=U.S. Health Care from a Global Perspective, 2019: Higher Spending, Worse Outcomes?|date=2020-01-30|url=https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2020/jan/us-health-care-global-perspective-2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424201656/https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2020/jan/us-health-care-global-perspective-2019|archive-date=2022-04-24|retrieved=2022-05-01}}</ref> That being said, there are still those who deny the necessity of completely overhauling the system, and as such, it is useful to take some time and go over the essential facts of the matter. As always, all sources will be listed at the end.

The United States ranks at the very bottom of the developed world in terms of preventable deaths. Annual deaths could be reduced by 101,000 if the U.S. had a health care system as good as other comparable countries.<ref>Reuters | US Worst in Preventable Death Ranking of Industrialized Countries</ref>

====Health outcomes====

The USA ranks near the bottom of the developed world in most essential health outcomes. A 2020 paper from the American College of Physicians (published in the ''Annals of Internal Medicine)'' reports that "despite higher spending, the United States generally has less favorable outcomes than other countries." Let's take infant mortality, for example. According to a 2016 study from the American Economic Association:<blockquote>The United States has higher infant mortality than peer countries... The US disadvantage persists after adjusting for potential differential reporting of births near the threshold of viability.</blockquote>The ACP paper confirms that the United States' poor infant mortality ranking persists "even after adjustment for reporting differences." According to the AEA, this subpar performance "is driven by poor birth outcomes among lower socioeconomic status individuals." As if this wasn't bad enough, maternal mortality is also shockingly high in the USA. According to an article from NPR (reporting on data from the CDC):<blockquote>More American women are dying of pregnancy-related complications than any other developed country. Only in the U.S. has the rate of women who die been rising.<ref>NPR | U.S. Has the Worst Rate of Maternal Deaths in the Developed World</ref></blockquote>To make matters worse, there is evidence that the official statistics actually leave out a great number of deaths, meaning that the actual rate is probably much higher. According to an article from ProPublica, "the new rate, while capturing just how poorly the U.S. ranks among other countries, is actually a significant underestimate of the problem."<ref>ProPublica | The New U.S. Maternal Mortality Rate Fails to Capture Many Deaths</ref> This only makes the issue even more horrifying.

In addition, healthcare-amenable mortality is generally higher in the United States than in peer countries. According to the American College of Physicians:<blockquote>The United States has a higher mortality rate for medical conditions for which there are recognized health care interventions than Germany, the Netherlands, Japan, France, and Australia.</blockquote>A 2017 study in the ''Lancet'' looked at global amendable mortality, finding that the United States ranked 35th in the world in overall performance. In a press release following the publication of the paper, Dr. Christopher Murray (the study's lead author) said the following:<blockquote>What we have found about health care access and quality is disturbing. Having a strong economy does not guarantee good health care. Having great medical technology doesn’t either. We know this because people are not getting the care that should be expected for diseases with established treatment. [...] America’s ranking is an embarrassment, especially considering the US spends more than $9,000 per person on health care annually, more than any other country. Anyone with a stake in the current health care debate, including elected officials at the federal, state, and local levels, should take a look at where the US is falling short.<ref>The Lancet | Healthcare Access and Quality Index Based on Mortality from Causes Amenable to Personal Health Care</ref></blockquote>While many people acclaim the US health system for its advanced technology, it is clear that this does no good if people cannot actually access the care they need. All-in-all, it clear that outcomes in the American healthcare system are extremely subpar, especially when one takes into account the ludicrously high cost. On that note, let's discuss cost and expenditures.

====Cost and expenditures====

The United States spends more per-capita on healthcare than any other country on Earth. According to the aforementioned study from the American College of Physicians:<blockquote>The United States spends far more per capita on health care than other wealthy countries, and spending is increasing at an unsustainable rate. [...] The pricing of health care goods and services is substantially higher in the United States than in other developed nations. A 2003 analysis of OECD data showed that health care utilization in the United States did not exceed that of other countries, and price was the key driver of spending differences.</blockquote>Much of this excessive cost is due to the enormous inefficiency and bureaucracy of the Statesian system. There is a massive amount of administrative spending in the US, which is due primarily to the fragmented multi-payer nature of the healthcare system. According to the ACP:<blockquote>In large part owing to its pluralistic financing system, the United States spends more on administration of health care than peer countries. One study estimated that in 2012, the United States spent $471 billion on billing and insurance-related costs—$375 billion (80%) more than in a “simplified financing system,” such as Canada's single-payer model. Another study concluded that administrative costs were 31% of total U.S. health care expenditures, nearly double those of Canada.</blockquote>These findings are validated by a study in the ''Journal of the American Medical Association'', which said the following:<blockquote>The fragmented financing system is one of the principal explanations for the high cost of medical care in the United States. A careful consolidation of financing into some form of single-payer system is probably the only feasible solution.<ref>Journal of the American Medical Association | Health Care Spending in the United States and Other High-Income Countries</ref></blockquote>Another study from the same journal says the following:<blockquote>The United States spent approximately twice as much as other high-income countries on medical care, yet utilization rates in the United States were largely similar to those in other nations. Prices of labor and goods, including pharmaceuticals, and administrative costs appeared to be the major drivers of the difference in overall cost between the United States and other high-income countries.</blockquote>According to a 2020 study in the ''Lancet'' (conducted at Yale Medical School), a single-payer system would save an enormous amount of money and (more importantly) lives:<blockquote>Taking into account both the costs of coverage expansion and the savings that would be achieved through the Medicare for All Act, we calculate that a single-payer, universal health-care system is likely to lead to a 13% savings in national health-care expenditure, equivalent to more than US $450 billion annually (based on the value of the US$ in 2017). [...] Furthermore, we estimate that ensuring health-care access for all Americans would save more than 68 000 lives and 1.73 million life-years every year compared with the status quo.<ref>The Lancet | Improving the Prognosis of Health Care in the USA</ref></blockquote>Claims that a single-payer system would be unaffordable are entirely baseless, and contradicted by the overwhelming mass of evidence. A 2020 meta-analysis in ''PLOS Medicine'' found "a high degree of analytic consensus for the fiscal feasibility of a single-payer approach in the US." As they put it:<blockquote>There is near-consensus in these analyses that single-payer would reduce health expenditures while providing high-quality insurance to all US residents. To achieve net savings, single-payer plans rely on simplified billing and negotiated drug price reductions, as well as global budgets to control spending growth over time. Replacing private insurers with a public system is expected to achieve lower net healthcare costs.<ref>PLOS Medicine | Projected Costs of Single-Payer Healthcare Financing in the United States: A Systematic Review of Economic Analyses</ref></blockquote>
====Access to care and lack of insurance====

To make matters worse, a large chunk of the Statesian population is uninsured, and many are forced to go without the care that they need. According to the ACP:<blockquote>The United States is the only wealthy industrialized nation without universal health coverage, a crucial component to ensuring quality health care for all without financial burden that causes delay or avoidance of necessary medical care... nearly 30 million remain uninsured, millions more are underinsured, and the number of uninsured persons is expected to grow.</blockquote>The high rate of uninsured people is extremely troubling, especially seeing as a lack of insurance is associated with increased risk of mortality. A 2009 study in the ''American Journal of Public Health'' said the following on the matter:<blockquote>Uninsurance is associated with mortality. [...] Lack of health insurance is associated with as many as 44 789 deaths per year in the United States, more than those caused by kidney disease.</blockquote>A 2017 study in the ''Annals of Internal Medicine'' validated these findings, saying:<blockquote>The evidence strengthens confidence in the Institute of Medicine's conclusion that health insurance saves lives: The odds of dying among the insured relative to the uninsured is 0.71 to 0.97.<ref>Annals of Internal Medicine | The Relationship of Health Insurance and Mortality: Is Lack of Insurance Deadly?</ref></blockquote>The high costs of US medical care cause a great deal of financial strain for patients. According to a 2019 study in the ''Journal of General Internal Medicine'' (carried out by the American Cancer Society), "medical financial hardship is common among adults in the USA, with nearly 140 million adults reporting hardship in the past year. Among those aged 18–64 years, more than half report problems with medical bills or medical debt; stress or worry; or forgoing or delaying health care due to cost." A 2019 Gallup poll found that 25% of Americans say that they or a family member have put off treatment for a "serious illness" in the past year because of cost, with a further 8% saying they or a family member has put off treatment for a "less serious illness" in the past year.<ref>Gallup Poll | More Americans Delaying Medical Treatment Due to Cost</ref>

Overall, there is strong evidence that the United States' lack of universal healthcare causes tens of thousands of deaths every year, and financial ruin for many more.[[File:1 out of 5 incarcerated people in the world is incarcerated in the US.png|thumb|1 out of 5 incarcerated people in the world is incarcerated in the US.]]

=== Incarceration ===
According to the Prison Policy Initiative (PPI), not only does the U.S. have the highest incarceration rate in the world; every single U.S. state incarcerates more people per capita than virtually any country on earth. States like New York and Massachusetts "appear progressive in their incarceration rates compared to states like Louisiana, but compared to the rest of the world, every U.S. state relies too heavily on prisons and jails to respond to crime." PPI adds in their 2021 report that "incarceration has become the nation’s default response to crime, with 70 percent of convictions resulting in confinement — far more than other developed nations with comparable crime rates."<ref>Emily Widra and Tiana Herring. September 2021. [https://www.prisonpolicy.org/global/2021.html “States of Incarceration: The Global Context 2021.”] Prison Policy Initiative. [https://web.archive.org/web/2/https://www.prisonpolicy.org/global/2021.html Archived] 2022-08-26.</ref>

Beyond the millions of people in the U.S. who are incarcerated, tens of millions more are dealing with the "collateral consequences" of punishment. Many cannot vote or get a driver's license, face barriers to employment, and are prohibited from living with the families who want them back because they have a criminal record.<ref>[https://www.prisonpolicy.org/collateral.html “Collateral Consequences.”] Prison Policy Initiative.</ref>
[[File:Incarceration in US states compared to incarceration in countries..png|thumb|Incarceration and "violent crime" rates of individual US states compared to incarceration and "violent crime" rates of individual countries, as determined by the Prison Policy Initiative in a 2021 report.]]
The U.S. doesn’t have one singular criminal justice system. Instead, it has thousands of federal, state, local, and tribal systems. Together, these systems hold almost 2 million people (as of 2022) in 1,566 state prisons, 102 federal prisons, 2,850 local jails, 1,510 juvenile correctional facilities, 186 immigration detention facilities, and 82 Indian country jails, as well as in military prisons, civil commitment centers, state psychiatric hospitals, and prisons in the U.S. territories.<ref name=":7">Wendy Sawyer and Peter Wagner. [https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2022.html "Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2022."] Prison Policy Initiative. March 14, 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/2/https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2022.html Archived] 2022-08-31.</ref>

The PPI notes that "local jails often receive short shrift in larger discussions about criminal justice, but they play a critical role as 'incarceration's front door' and have a far greater impact than the daily population suggests. [...] In a typical year, about 600,000 people enter ''prison'' gates, but people go to ''jail'' over 10 million times each year. Jail churn is particularly high because most people in jails have not been convicted. Some have just been arrested and will make bail within hours or days, while many others are too poor to make bail and remain behind bars until their trial." The PPI further notes that at least 1 in 4 people who go to jail will be arrested again within the same year, often those dealing with poverty, mental illness, and substance use disorders, whose problems only worsen with incarceration.<ref name=":7" />

==See also==

*[[United States imperialism]]
*[[Manifest Destiny]]
*[[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi Germany]]
*[[:Category:USA states|USA states (category)]]
*[[Quotes:United States of America]]

== Further reading ==

* [[:Category:Library documents from the United States of America|All library works about the United States]]
* [[:Category:Library documents from the United States of America|All library works from the United States]]

=== History ===

* [[Library:Endless Holocausts: Mass Death in the History of the United States Empire|''Endless Holocausts: Mass Death in the History of the United States Empire'']]
* [[Library:Killing Hope|''Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions since World War II'']]

=== Communist movement ===

* ''[[Library:Black Bolshevik|Black Bolshevik]]''
* [[History of the socialist movement in the United States]]

== References ==
<references />
==Notes==
<references group="lower-alpha" />
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Global north]]
[[Category:Imperialist countries]]
[[Category:United States of America]]
[[Category:Genocide]]
[[Category:North American countries]]
[[Category:Settler-colonial states]]

Essay:Crisis Points and why Worse Conditions don't Magically Create Revolution

2026-07-11T00:15:57Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: finally added the essay infobox lol

Centrist Marxism

2026-07-10T18:07:04Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: minor spelling fix

{{Stub}}In [[Marxism]], '''centrism''' is an [[Opportunism|opportunistic]] current, originally represented by thinkers such as [[Karl Kautsky]] and the [[Austro-Marxism|Austro-Marxists]], which advocates for a non-existent "middle ground" between [[reformism]] and [[revolution]]. [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] described centrism as the "subordination of the interests of the [[proletariat]] to the interests of the [[petty bourgeoisie|petit-bourgeoisie]] ''within one common [[Political party|party]]''."<ref>[[Joseph Stalin|Stalin, Iosif Vissarionovich]] (1928-11-19).: [https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1928/11/19.htm ''"Industrialisation of the country and the Right Deviation in the C.P.S.U.(B.)"'']. [[Marxists Internet Archive]]. Retrieved 2025-08-13.</ref>

Modern day Centrist Marxism is primarily represented by the online [[settler]]-strata-socialists in [[United States of America|Statesian occupied Turtle Island]], largely informed by the thought and works of (primarily) online figures such as [[Hasan Piker]], "[[Woke Karen]]" and "[[Skip Intro]]", who platform a revival of Marxist Centrism oriented around an ambivalent or unclear support for revolution, adamant support for organizations such as the [[Democratic Socialists of America|DSA]] and figures like [[Zohran Mamdani]], and a strong affluence for the petit-bourgeoisie and the settler-strata proletariat while occasionally acknowledging the '''past''' struggles of [[anti-colonialism]].

== References ==
<references />

Gender

2026-07-10T17:44:06Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: added a See Also section

'''Gender''' or '''gender identity''' is an aspect of the internally felt sense of self, specifically that arising from the [[contradiction]] between the neurological reality of one's gender identity<ref>{{Web citation|author=The GDB is an open source and publicly funded project|newspaper=The Gender Dysphoria Bible|title=Biochemical Dysphoria|date=N/A|url=https://genderdysphoria.fyi/en/biochemical-dysphoria|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260627173408/https://genderdysphoria.fyi/en/biochemical-dysphoria|archive-date=Jun 27 2026|retrieved=Jul 10 2026}}</ref> and the anatomical reality of one's reproductive system. Gender is a natural byproduct of human existence as the most basic means of [[social categorization]]. Gender presentation and norms surrounding gender naturally emerge in all of human society, but their actual content is not traditionally associated with an intrinsic desire to present in a certain fashion. For instance: in one society, those who are neurologically "[[female]]" and biologically "female" may wear skirts and in another they may wear pants/trousers. Differentiation through clothing is a typical means of gender differentiation, but it is not intrinsic to [[femininity]] to wear skirts or trousers.

== Gender expression ==
Gender expression is the means by which a gendered individual expresses gender in a [[Society|social context]], as a means to signal their internally held gender identity. When not purposefully altered (for instance in the enactment of [[drag]]), it typically stems from the consciously held understanding of one's gender identity, and the social fabric one was conditioned into during childhood (or later reconditioned).

Gender expression is a broad construct encompassing every feature meant to socially signal gender identity, ranging from cosmetic items to apparel to vocal cues to hand gestures and so forth. Typically (though not always), the internally held sense of gender identity, stored in one's neuroanatomy, subconsciously directs one to a particular social expression in order to identify the subject in question with their desired gender grouping. This is why many transgender people engage in cross dressing or cross-gendered behavior (such as playing with dolls as a transfeminine child) despite not outright engaging in explicit social transition.<ref>{{Citation|author=S P Herman|year=1983|title=Gender identity disorder in a five-year-old boy.|title-url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2589558/|quote=[...] he took the woman's part in most play activity and seemed obsessed with the Batgirl character. Since age three years he had displayed certain feminine behavior patterns: insisting on being "the mommy" in nursery school play, cross dressing in his mother's shoes and skirts, playing with her jewelry, and carrying her pocketbook. At age four he assumed certain feminine hand gestures and a woman's gait and at four and one-half years began his preoccupation with Batgirl. He eschewed all play with toy trucks or cars, avoided "horse play" with other boys, and preferred the company of his mother and neighborhood girls.}}</ref>

== Gender roles ==
Gender roles are socially assigned roles indicating the particular division of labor which is expected amongst the socially accepted gender identities. A typical example of this is the western expectation of a woman to be a submissive housewife, and the man to be a domineering surplus producer.

gender roles seem to have evolved out of a need to stabilize food production and child care, such a shift is very well demonstrated by the Pleistocene to Holocene transition in the great basin, where a crisis of food stability led to a firm division of labor between female gatherers and male hunters.<ref>{{Citation|author=David W. Zeanah, Robert G. Elston, Brian F. Codding|year=2025|title=Gender convergent labor and technological change at the Pleistocene to Holocene Transition in the Great Basin|title-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278416525000911|quote=[...] Before the Early Holocene, women hunted diverse fauna near wetlands while performing transport and processing tasks for large game hunting, requiring investment in tools for processing meat and hides. As wetlands desiccated and large game became scarce, gendered labor diverged. Women increasingly harvested low-yield resources like seeds to reliably provision children, investing in tools that reduced seed processing costs. Men continued pursuing large game but with diminished support from women. This transition established the strongly divergent gendered labor documented among ethnographic Great Basin hunter-gatherers and resolves apparent contradictions between subsistence and technological evidence in the archaeological record.}}</ref>

== See also: ==

* [[Essay:Femboys and the structure of gender|Femboys and the structure of gender (Essay)]]
* [[Gender abolitionism|Gender Abolitionism]]
* [[LGBT+]]

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Gender| ]]
[[Category:Social issues]]

Essay:Femboys and the structure of gender

2026-07-10T17:41:01Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: got rid of cringe T/A->S

{{Infobox essay|title=Femboys and the structure of gender|author=Local Gay Communist - LGC|date=2025-10-17|excerpt=This paper discusses gender and it’s interactions, internal mechanisms and development through a dialectical-materialist lens, and is to be treated as a piece denoting a framework which must be developed upon collectively to further our understanding of gender and it’s interplay with society.|image=Femboys_and_the_structure_of_gender_cover.jpeg}}

An early attempt at creating dialectical material on the nature of gender and how it is structured, using the example of the antagonistic contradiction between femboys and transgender identity

Author: LGC
= Foreword =
This paper discusses gender and it’s interactions, internal mechanisms and development through a dialectical-materialist lens, and is to be treated as a piece denoting a framework which must be developed upon collectively to further our understanding of gender and it’s interplay with society.

The author views queer liberation as an integral tendency of class struggle and proletarian emancipation and anyone who disagrees is free to get pissy about it, the author really couldn’t care less.

(this is intentionally left blank so other writers can maybe learn a thing or two about keeping forewords short, thank you, please enjoy the paper)

= Chapter 1: the primary aspects of gender =
To understand gender in a manner which resolves all the contradictions imposed by a liberal analysis, one must break apart gender, into it’s two basic fields: the primary aspects; and the secondary aspects. Within this framework, the primary aspects of gender are what constitute the fundamental understanding of the self on a sub-societal level. In practice, this is the “feeling” of a gender, the innate property within us all which dictates who we identify as, as of yet it is unknown what constitutes this aspect concretely, but it is for now safe to assume it is neuroanatomical, due to the connections drawn to neuroanatomy by some of the primary aspects of gender such as biochemical dysphoria<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=genderdysphoria.fyi|title=Biochemical Dysphoria|url=https://genderdysphoria.fyi/en/biochemical-dysphoria}}</ref>.

But what are the primary aspects of gender? We can safely conclude that the primary aspects of gender include all gendered aspects which aren’t socially imposed, notably, this disqualifies primary sex markers due to the uniquely variable nature of their connected gender dysphoria in trans people, that is, the desired treatments for trans people is not universally bottom surgery, per a 2021 study conducted by Bita Tristani-Firouzi, Jacob Veith, Andrew Simpson, Kelly Hoerger, Andy Rivera and Cori A Agarwal, many trans people do not actively desire bottom surgery. Among trans women the amount of people who desire bottom surgery is ~87%, among trans men it's ~54%, among afab non-binary people it's ~28%, among amab non-binary people, 64%<ref>{{Citation|author=Bita Tristani-Firouzi, Jacob Veith, Andrew Simpson, Kelly Hoerger, Andy Rivera, Cori A Agarwal|year=2021|title=Preferences for and barriers to gender affirming surgeries in transgender and non-binary individuals|title-url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9621289/}}</ref>. Furthermore, a majority of trans people never get gender affirming surgery, in the 2019 study “Demographic and temporal trends in transgender identities and gender confirming surgery”, Ian T Nolan, Christopher J Kuhner and Geolani W Dy find that only an estimated 25-35% of trans and non-binary people in the US get GCS (Gender Confirming Surgery) which include: Hysterectomy, Phalloplasty, Metoidioplasty and Chest/breast surgery<ref>{{Citation|author=Ian T Nolan, Christopher J Kuhner, Geolani W Dy|year=2019|title=Demographic and temporal trends in transgender identities and gender confirming surgery|title-url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6626314/}}</ref>

Furthermore, per a meta analysis entitled “Do hormones and surgery improve the health of adults with gender incongruence? A systematic review of patient reported outcomes” authored by Kelsey Ireland, Madeleine Hughes and Nicola R Dean, “For hormone treatment, gender dysphoria was found to improve significantly in the three prospective studies that met criteria. Surgery also resulted in improvement in gender dysphoria, specifically mastectomy and facial feminization surgery. [...]”<ref>{{Citation|author=Kelsey Ireland, Madeleine Hughes, Nicola R Dean|year=2025|title=Do hormones and surgery improve the health of adults with gender incongruence? A systematic review of patient reported outcomes|title-url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12105570/}}</ref> This emphasis on mastectomy (top surgery for ftm individuals) and facial feminization surgery indicate that bottom surgery could be a more socially influenced choice than other forms of transition (most notably hrt).

Here we see the contradiction present in the primary aspects of gender, we see the opposing elements, namely that of the neuroanatomical patterns which define how we see ourselves and what hormone balance we crave (I.e the gender identity), and a set of bodily features associate with them (I.e the biological sex). within trans people, these elements contradict antagonistically, resulting either in the victory of the gender identity (transition) or the victory of the biological sex (not transitioning) Concretely, the gender identity contradicts the biological sex in such a fashion that one has to either suppress the gender identity or embrace it. The nature of being trans is in the fact that to embrace ones gender identity is to transition, thereby gaining new understanding of gender and the self.

= Chapter 2: the secondary aspects of gender =
Within the framework used in this paper, the secondary aspects of gender are those aspects which are socially imposed, commonly referred to as “gender expression”, “gender roles” and etc.

To understand the contradiction present in the secondary aspects of gender, we must understand their relation to the primary aspects of gender, we have understood that the primary aspects of gender are a contradiction between the gender Identity and the biological sex, but we must understand the secondary aspects of gender as a contradiction between the social expectations of accepted genders and the personal will of the gendered individual (the gendered individual being a person who experiences gender)

To understand this contradiction we must understand it’s components. The accepted genders are the set of gender identities which are viewed as “normative” by society, within the west, this is largely the binary “male” and “female”. Note how this leaves non-binary people largely out of the equation. The personal will of the gendered individual is a bit more interesting, as this is notably not inherently a reflection of the individuals gender identity, but rather their socially informed personal desire to express themselves, when in contradiction with the social expectations of their gender identity (given the lack of embracing their gender identity) this can cause dysphoria, I.e people who have not embraced their gender identity can get dysphoria from abiding by the gender expression of another gender identity.

== Chapter 2.2: How do gender queer people fit into this? ==
We can understand that gender queer people, having embraced their gender identity, create a new and creative synthesis of the Socially expected gender expression and their personal desire. This allows a solving of the contradiction without abiding to societal norms, such a synthesis often includes the prominent subversion of liberal expectations of biological sex, for instance, the fusion of facial hair and make-up or the wearing of feminine clothes on a “male” body.

It is however notable that such expression is often found in trans individuals, whether or not they are gender queer stems from their own understanding of themselves, and this should be respected.

== Chapter 2.3 Sexuality as a Secondary aspect of gender ==
Some trans people report a “change in sexuality” post transition, this could be an instance of sexuality behaving as a secondary aspect of gender, either in the sense that the previously inhabited biological sex repressed their true sexuality due to societal pressure, or that the newly inhabited biological sex abides by the socially expected sexuality, in order to attempt to resolve the contradiction between societal expectations of sexuality and individual sexual preference.

It is also possible that pre-transition trans people abide by a queer sexuality in order to reconcile their identification with queer experiences without acknowledging their trans identity<ref>{{Citation|author=Matthias K Auer, Johannes Fuss, Nina Höhne, Günter K Stalla, Caroline Sievers|year=2014|title=Transgender Transitioning and Change of Self-Reported Sexual Orientation|title-url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4192544/}}</ref>

= Chapter 3: the femboy dissection =
Now we come to a particularly interesting phenomenon: the femboy. The femboy is in this paper, someone who self identifies with the label femboy as if it were a gender, not people who identify with it as a sub-category of their gender-queer expression<ref>although there is criticism to be made of the cishetnormative etymology of the phrase "femboy" as a whole, but that's beyond the scope of this paper.</ref>. So, what is a femboy? A femboy is a feminine presenting man/boy who identifies with the term “femboy”, they often exhibit femininity through the shaving of body hair, adopting stereotypical feminine attire (I.e maid outfits, striped thigh-high socks, dresses, dolphin shorts, pink hoodies, etc.) and by exhibiting sexually submissive behaviors. Leaving aside the problematic definition of “femininity”, these are notably all secondary aspects of gender, stylistic and/or behavioral features, not assignable to the concept of gender identity as laid out. Despite this, femboys identify as femboys as if it were a gender identity, they embrace it not through transition of any sort (despite many of them claiming the trans label) but through the adoption of western, white, stereotypically female gender roles and expressions, adopting a hyper-sexual objectification of the self.

But why? Let us examine the contradictions once more: we see the primary gender contradiction between gender identity and biological sex, this is not inhabited by femboys, the secondary contradiction however, is inhabited by femboys, the contradiction between the socially accepted gender of “male” and the feminine will of the individual. Femboys, unlike gender-queer people, do not creatively synthesize a new gender expression, but rather view the contradiction as antagonistic, and attempt to invent a new socially accepted gender, despite the lack of the primary contradiction, to make up for this, they supplant the the gender identity with gender expression, thereby sharpening cis-normative conceptions of gender & sex, to justify their own existence therefor, they must uphold traditionalist, cis-normative conceptions of gender.

== Chapter 3.2: the contradiction between cis-normativity and gender diversity ==
This exposes a deeper contradiction yet to be touched on by this paper: the contradiction between cis-normative frameworks of understanding gender and the more accurate understanding of gender diversity.

We see through the femboy, an attempt to resolve the antagonistic contradiction between cis-normativity and gender diversity by the creation of and affirming of the petty gender: the petty gender is a gender constructed without a gender identity, I.e one in which the only material thing is the expression of itself. Such a gender necessarily acts in the affirmative of the cis-normative framework by reinforcing the denial of the gender identity and the affirmation of the idea of gender as a performance, an idealist conception which necessarily makes renders all trans identity invalid due to it’s assertion of the non-existence of an inert gender identity.

== Chapter 3.3: The damage caused by the femboy identity ==
It is vital to this notion that we understand the damage caused by the femboy identity, as a perversion of gender diversity it has brought about a wave of obscuring the reality of gender especially online, where people now float ideas of the femboy gender and the nature of gender as a performance. This is to be understood as a subversion of correct understandings of gender and ultimately regressive to the community as a whole.

== Chapter 3.4: Why do people end up identifying as femboys? ==
This is a particularly interesting question, as, given the obvious absurdity of the claim of femboys being a gender, why do some non-the-less still identify as femboys?

Well, this can be attributed to many factors such as the attempt to resolve the gender contradiction as a non-binary person or a trans person without a proper framework of understanding, or as an attempt to side-step identifying as trans. There are also those who identify as femboys due to their attempt to reconcile their individual desire for gender expression with their socially accepted gender, I.e as a byproduct of the very cis-normative structures it reinforces.

= Conclusion =
In conclusion we now understand the nature of gender as being constituted of two parts: the primary aspects and the secondary aspects. We also understand their inherent contradictions and their resolutions. Namely the contradiction between Gender identity and biological sex, resolved through the embracing of the gender identity or the victory of the biological sex for the primary aspects of gender; and the contradiction between the socially accepted gender expressions and the will of the gendered individual, resolved through the abiding by the socially accepted gender expressions or the creative synthesis of new gender expressions as most often seen in gender-queer individuals for the secondary aspects of gender.

We now have a framework from which to analyze gender and it’s interactions with society and the individual and how cis-normativity and gender diversity contradict each other in an antagonistic fashion. We understand the Femboy petty-gender and it’s implications, it’s base in cis-normative society and it’s internal mechanisms and how they contradict gender diversity and trans identity.

We must use this framework and develop it and further it to perform dialectical analysis of gender and identity in the future to gain a better understanding of ourselves and those around us.
<references />
[[Category:Essays]]
[[Category:Essays by Local Gay Communist - LGC]]
[[Category:LGBT+ topics (essays)]]
[[Category:On gender (by LGC)]]

Gender

2026-07-10T17:34:23Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: complete rewrite more inline with modern research (primarily synthesized by moi madame) much longer

'''Gender''' or '''gender identity''' is an aspect of the internally felt sense of self, specifically that arising from the [[contradiction]] between the neurological reality of one's gender identity<ref>{{Web citation|author=The GDB is an open source and publicly funded project|newspaper=The Gender Dysphoria Bible|title=Biochemical Dysphoria|date=N/A|url=https://genderdysphoria.fyi/en/biochemical-dysphoria|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260627173408/https://genderdysphoria.fyi/en/biochemical-dysphoria|archive-date=Jun 27 2026|retrieved=Jul 10 2026}}</ref> and the anatomical reality of one's reproductive system. Gender is a natural byproduct of human existence as the most basic means of [[social categorization]]. Gender presentation and norms surrounding gender naturally emerge in all of human society, but their actual content is not traditionally associated with an intrinsic desire to present in a certain fashion. For instance: in one society, those who are neurologically "[[female]]" and biologically "female" may wear skirts and in another they may wear pants/trousers. Differentiation through clothing is a typical means of gender differentiation, but it is not intrinsic to [[femininity]] to wear skirts or trousers.

== Gender expression ==
Gender expression is the means by which a gendered individual expresses gender in a [[Society|social context]], as a means to signal their internally held gender identity. When not purposefully altered (for instance in the enactment of [[drag]]), it typically stems from the consciously held understanding of one's gender identity, and the social fabric one was conditioned into during childhood (or later reconditioned).

Gender expression is a broad construct encompassing every feature meant to socially signal gender identity, ranging from cosmetic items to apparel to vocal cues to hand gestures and so forth. Typically (though not always), the internally held sense of gender identity, stored in one's neuroanatomy, subconsciously directs one to a particular social expression in order to identify the subject in question with their desired gender grouping. This is why many transgender people engage in cross dressing or cross-gendered behavior (such as playing with dolls as a transfeminine child) despite not outright engaging in explicit social transition.<ref>{{Citation|author=S P Herman|year=1983|title=Gender identity disorder in a five-year-old boy.|title-url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2589558/|quote=[...] he took the woman's part in most play activity and seemed obsessed with the Batgirl character. Since age three years he had displayed certain feminine behavior patterns: insisting on being "the mommy" in nursery school play, cross dressing in his mother's shoes and skirts, playing with her jewelry, and carrying her pocketbook. At age four he assumed certain feminine hand gestures and a woman's gait and at four and one-half years began his preoccupation with Batgirl. He eschewed all play with toy trucks or cars, avoided "horse play" with other boys, and preferred the company of his mother and neighborhood girls.}}</ref>

== Gender roles ==
Gender roles are socially assigned roles indicating the particular division of labor which is expected amongst the socially accepted gender identities. A typical example of this is the western expectation of a woman to be a submissive housewife, and the man to be a domineering surplus producer.

gender roles seem to have evolved out of a need to stabilize food production and child care, such a shift is very well demonstrated by the Pleistocene to Holocene transition in the great basin, where a crisis of food stability led to a firm division of labor between female gatherers and male hunters.<ref>{{Citation|author=David W. Zeanah, Robert G. Elston, Brian F. Codding|year=2025|title=Gender convergent labor and technological change at the Pleistocene to Holocene Transition in the Great Basin|title-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278416525000911|quote=[...] Before the Early Holocene, women hunted diverse fauna near wetlands while performing transport and processing tasks for large game hunting, requiring investment in tools for processing meat and hides. As wetlands desiccated and large game became scarce, gendered labor diverged. Women increasingly harvested low-yield resources like seeds to reliably provision children, investing in tools that reduced seed processing costs. Men continued pursuing large game but with diminished support from women. This transition established the strongly divergent gendered labor documented among ethnographic Great Basin hunter-gatherers and resolves apparent contradictions between subsistence and technological evidence in the archaeological record.}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Gender| ]]
[[Category:Social issues]]

Zohran Mamdani

2026-07-10T16:46:23Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: fixed some grammer

{{Infobox politician|name=Zohran Mamdani|birth_date={{birth date and age|1991|10|18}}|birth_place=[[Kampala]], [[Uganda]]|political_orientation=[[Democratic socialism]] [[Social Democracy]]|political_party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|image=Zohran Mamdani.jpg}}

'''Zohran Kwame Mamdani''' (born October 18, 1991) is a [[United States of America|Statesian]] politician who has served as the 112th [[mayor of New York City]] since 2026. Previously they served as the 36th district member of the New York State Assembly from 2021 to 2025 and is a member of the [[Democratic Socialists of America]] (DSA). Mamdani ran on the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] ticket as a [[Progressivism|progressive]] platform of policies such as freezing rents and affordable housing, fast, free buses, no cost childcare and city-owned grocery stores.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Monica Moorehead|newspaper=[[Workers World]]|title=Zohran Mamdani’s victory: What we know and don’t know|date=2025-07-01|url=https://www.workers.org/2025/07/86566/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704163541/https://www.workers.org/2025/07/86566/|archive-date=2025-07-04}}</ref> In the short term Mamdani's policies may alleviate the conditions of the [[proletariat]] in New York, however, due to the limits of bourgeois institutions Mamdani can achieve no lasting change and his progressive policies will be undone by future administrations.

After winning the Democratic nomination, Mamdani shifted to the right in order to placate the [[bourgeoisie]] and the Democratic Party. He has made reassurences that he will not seriously challenge bourgeois interests and has gained the endorsements of right wing Democrats such as [[Kathy Hochul]], as well as supposed progressives like [[Bernie Sanders]] and [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez|AOC]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Erik Schreiber|newspaper=[[WSWS]]|title=At election rally, DSA candidate Mamdani embraces right-wing Democratic Party establishment|date=2025-10-28|url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2025/10/29/ikjg-o29.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251126081828/https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2025/10/29/ikjg-o29.html|archive-date=2025-11-26}}</ref> Admidst [[Donald Trump]]'s threats against [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela|Venezuela]], Mamdani declared [[Republic of Cuba|Cuba]] and Venezeula to be [[Dictatorship|dictatorships]], assisting efforts at consent manufacturing, though he also condemned the [[United States embargo against Cuba|blockade of Cuba]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Alicia Civita, Matias Civita|newspaper=Latin Times|title=Mamdani Breaks Silence About Maduro and Cuban President Díaz-Canel: How Jorge Ramos and Daughter Paola Got Him to Open Up|date=2025-09-25|url=https://www.latintimes.com/mamdani-breaks-silence-about-maduro-cuban-president-diaz-canel-how-jorge-ramos-daughter-paola-589809|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251001133944/https://www.latintimes.com/mamdani-breaks-silence-about-maduro-cuban-president-diaz-canel-how-jorge-ramos-daughter-paola-589809|archive-date=2025-10-01|quote=I want to be clear on where I stand. I believe both Nicolas Maduro and Miguel Diaz-Canel are dictators. Their administrations have stifled free and fair elections, jailed political opponents, and suppressed the free and fair press. And yet, our federal government's long history of punitive policies toward both countries, including extrajudicial killings of Venezuelans and the continuation of a decades long blockade of Cuba, have only worsened these conditions. Democratic socialism is about dignity, justice and accountability. And above all, it's about building a democracy that works for working people, not one that preys on them.}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Zohran Kwame Mamdani was born on October 18, 1991 in Kampala, the capital and largest city of [[Republic of Uganda|Uganda]].<ref name=":1">{{Web citation|author=Mona Davids|newspaper=Little Africa News|title=Ugandan-Born Zohran Mamdani Announces Candidacy for Mayor of New York City|date=2024-10-26|url=https://www.littleafricanews.com/zohran-mamdani-announces-candidacy-for-mayor-of-new-york-city/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250627171612/https://www.littleafricanews.com/zohran-mamdani-announces-candidacy-for-mayor-of-new-york-city/|archive-date=2025-06-27}}</ref> He is the only child of Indian-Ugandan post-colonial Marxist scholar [[Mahmood Mamdani]] and progressive filmmaker Mira Nair.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|title=Mahmood Mamdani education and career path: How Mamdani's father built a legacy of revolution through ideas and exile|date=2025-06-25|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/mahmood-mamdani-education-and-career-path-how-zohran-mamdanis-father-built-a-legacy-of-revolution-through-ideas-and-exile/articleshow/122064130.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250821213210/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/mahmood-mamdani-education-and-career-path-how-zohran-mamdanis-father-built-a-legacy-of-revolution-through-ideas-and-exile/articleshow/122064130.cms|archive-date=2025-08-21}}</ref> His father gave him the middle name Kwame after [[Kwame Nkrumah]], the first [[Republic of Ghana|Ghanaian]] President, which Mamdani claims has instilled in him the values of [[Pan-Africanism]].<ref name=":1" />

== Mayoral Platform ==

* '''Housing''': He plans to freeze rents for the over 2 million people who live in rent stabilized apartments. Additionally he plans to build affordable housing, crack down on bad landlords, end deed theft and fix the property tax system.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=Zohran for New York City|title=The Platform|url=https://www.zohranfornyc.com/platform|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250905182224/https://www.zohranfornyc.com/platform|archive-date=2025-09-05}}</ref>
* '''Affordability''': He plans to open low priced, city owned grocery stores as well make buses both faster and free. Mamdani also plans on introducing a range of child welfare benefits, including free childcare and baby baskets with essential supplies for newborns.<ref name=":0" />
* '''Labor''': Mamdani says he will support workers and unions in their fight for better wages and working conditions. Specifically, he plans to raise the minimum wage to $30 by 2030 as well as regulate delivery apps and protect delivery workers.<ref name=":0" />
* '''Budget''': To fund his policy plans, Mamdani plans to tax the wealthy by introducing a 2% on those earning more then $1 million a year and increasing corporate tax from 7.25% to 11.5%.
* '''Climate''': As Mayor Mamdani plans to lead a large decarbonization and climate resilience program citywide; building renewable housing and overseeing a climate prepareness program. In additions to infrastructure, Mamdani plans to renovate 500 public schools with renewable energy and HVAC upgrades.<ref name=":0" />
* '''Minority rights''': Mamdani says he will ensure immigrants are protected and remove [[United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement|ICE]] from the city. He will also make New York a LGBTQIA+ sanctuary city, protect reproductive rights as well as expand and protect gender-affirming care citywide.<ref name=":0" />

== Israel ==
Mamdani has been known for being hightly critical of "[[State of Israel|Israel]]" and has condemed the [[apartheid]] system and Israeli war crimes as well as supported the [[Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions]] movement.<ref name=":2">{{Web citation|author=Tom Allon|newspaper=City&State New York|title=Opinion: Weaponizing antisemitism is dirty politics|date=2025-06-30|url=https://www.cityandstateny.com/opinion/2025/06/opinion-weaponizing-antisemitism-dirty-politics/406398/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250906170003/https://www.cityandstateny.com/opinion/2025/06/opinion-weaponizing-antisemitism-dirty-politics/406398/|archive-date=2025-07-06}}</ref> Unlike most high profile politicians, Mamdani has stated he believes that Israel is committing a [[Palestinian genocide|genocide]]<ref>{{Web citation|author=Liam Stack|newspaper=[[New York Times]]|title=Mamdani Has Long Criticized Israel. His Opponents Attack Him for It.|date=2025-06-25|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/25/nyregion/mamdani-gaza-israel.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250904195746/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/25/nyregion/mamdani-gaza-israel.html|archive-date=2025-09-04}}</ref> and has said he would arrest [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] if he entered New York.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Lisa Featherstone|newspaper=[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]]|title=All the Worst People Are Losing It Over Zohran Mamdani’s Win|date=2025-07-15|url=https://jacobin.com/2025/07/mamdani-nyc-billionaires-israel-defenders|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250827133149/https://jacobin.com/2025/07/mamdani-nyc-billionaires-israel-defenders|archive-date=2025-08-27}}</ref> For his stance he has earned the ire of [[Zionism|Zionists]] and is regularly falsely accused of being [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]], despite proving himself not to be a radical by condeming the start of [[Israel-Gaza war and genocide|Operation Flood of Al-Aqsa]] as "a horrific war crime".<ref name=":2" />

While Mamdani become famous for his promise to stay in New York instead of flying off to Tel Aviv during the Democratic primary debates, he has since pivoted on his stances on "[[Israel]]" after winning the primary. In a meeting with CEOs, he said that he would “discourage” use of the phrase ‘intifada’ after listening to Zionist Jewish leaders,<ref>{{Web citation|author=Mark Chiusano|newspaper=[[Time Magazine|Time]]|year=2025|title= ‘A Politics of No Translation.’ Zohran Mamdani on His Unlikely Rise|quote=Few events got as much attention as the closed-door one with the CEOs, hosted by the Partnership for New York City, a nonprofit business leadership group. In a conference room floating above the city and stocked with a spread of cookies, fruit, and cheese, Mamdani was not swarmed for selfies upon entry, as he usually is these days. He did a fireside chat and Q and A, during which he was grilled about his thoughts on the “globalize the intifada” brouhaha.

To the CEOs, however, Mamdani said he would discourage the use of the phrase—a small but pointed evolution in language. In our interview, Mamdani frames the shift as the consequence of listening to New Yorkers, including Jewish leaders, as well as a rabbi who said the phrase evoked memories of bus bombings in Haifa. “The job of the mayor is to deliver for New Yorkers,” he says. “And it’s also to take care of New Yorkers.”}}</ref> even though 'intifada' is merely Arabic for 'uprising' and not an [[antisemitic]] phrase, demonstrating this fact: it has been used in the Arabic translation of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising exhibit in the U.S. Holocaust Museum. In an [[MSNBC]] interview with Al Sharpton, Mamdani talked about the "complexities of viewpoints" when referring to the [[Gazan genocide]].<ref>{{News citation|title=WHAT ARE YOU DOING, ZOHRAN!??|date=2025-09-09|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXVffXk2DuE}}</ref>

== Mayoral Cabinet ==
The [[Anti-Defamation League|ADL]] investigated the transition committee appointees chosen by Zohran Mamdani and objected to around 20% of them. This means that the Zionist organization approves of up to 80% of his appointees.<ref>{{News citation|title=At least 20% of Mamdani appointees have ties to anti-Zionist groups, ADL says|date=2025-12-22|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/at-least-20-of-mamdani-appointees-have-ties-to-anti-zionist-groups-adl-says/}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Mayors of New York City]]
[[Category:Members of the Democratic Party (United States)]]
[[Category:Members of the Democratic Socialists of America]]
[[Category:Statesians of Indian descent]]

Centrist Marxism

2026-07-10T16:42:21Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: added a section on the modern day revival of centrist marxism in the settler-socialist movement

{{Stub}}In [[Marxism]], '''centrism''' is an [[Opportunism|opportunistic]] current, originally represented by thinkers such as [[Karl Kautsky]] and the [[Austro-Marxism|Austro-Marxists]], which advocated for a non-existent "middle ground" between [[reformism]] and [[revolution]]. [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] described centrism as the "subordination of the interests of the [[proletariat]] to the interests of the [[petty bourgeoisie|petit-bourgeoisie]] ''within one common [[Political party|party]]''."<ref>[[Joseph Stalin|Stalin, Iosif Vissarionovich]] (1928-11-19).: [https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1928/11/19.htm ''"Industrialisation of the country and the Right Deviation in the C.P.S.U.(B.)"'']. [[Marxists Internet Archive]]. Retrieved 2025-08-13.</ref>

Modern day Centrist Marxism is primarily represented by the online [[settler]]-strata-socialists in [[United States of America|Statesian occupied Turtle Island]], largely informed by the thought and works of (primarily) online figures such as [[Hasan Piker]], "[[Woke Karen]]" and "[[Skip Intro]]", who platform a revival of Marxist Centrism oriented around an ambivalent or unclear support for revolution, adamant support for organizations such as the [[Democratic Socialists of America|DSA]] and figures like [[Zohran Mamdani]], and a strong affluence for the petit-bourgeoisie and the settler-strata proletariat while occasionally acknowledging the '''past''' struggles of [[anti-colonialism]].

== References ==
<references />

Essay:Liberal Feminism and the Holy Birth

2026-05-07T21:06:57Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC:

{{Infobox essay|title=Liberal Feminism and the Holy Birth|author=Local Gay Communist - LGC|date=2026-05-07|excerpt=It is often the case that liberal feminists take as a point of pride the perceived womanliness of the ability to give birth, and use it as a defining factor for the female gender.

Author: LGC|image=Femboys_and_the_structure_of_gender_cover.jpeg}}
It is often the case that liberal feminists take as a point of pride the perceived womanliness of the ability to give birth, and use it as a defining factor for the female gender. This essay tries to understand why this is the case and examine the practice critically. A lot of this theory (especially in the part where I criticize it's effects) can also be applied to the similar intertwining of womanhood/femininity and periods/menstruation.

Author: LGC

=== Why do ''Women'' give birth? ===
Women give birth because they are women. What does this mean? It means that the concept of a woman is intertwined with birth, the idea that we can cleanly divide society into "man" and "woman" emerged out of property relations: men own property, while women make more men to own property. From this origin it makes perfect sense to heavily ground man and woman in biology, per this definition, only a man can create more men, with women existing as a tool for that creation, the title is passed on from man to man, through women.

A woman in that sense then is birthed of the necessity to track property rights. A woman, per that definition, is property, a tool for the creation of more men. A woman is, then, a womb, nothing but the act of birth, in fact. A woman, then, is but the preeminence of reproduction, the woman is other-ed because, to maintain the concept of property patriarchy is to other the woman.

From this definition, then, the modern concept of woman is borne, and hence, the liberal feminist, who views gender as static, and who cannot fully comprehend of the trans individual homogenizes the woman AS birth, the woman is still birth, then, they are the womb, still, this is the product of upholding capitalism, where women fulfill the dual purpose of patriarchal reproduction, and social-reproductive labor. The liberal then must either uphold the woman as tool of patriarchy, but "empowered" through ownership of her subservience to patriarchal property relations, or abolish "man" and "woman" in favor of an alternative model, by transcending capitalist relations, de-liberalization, then, is the alternative.

=== The effects and issues, a critical view ===
It should be obvious by now, then, that the firm grounding of womanhood in the ability to give birth, and vice-versa, is a detriment to many a woman. For, womanhood is still a label used by those who fall outside this view. The sterile woman, the trans woman (and man!), the woman who simply wishes not to give birth, the non-heterosexual woman, the non-binary, all of these do not fit neatly into this idea. The only people who actually are served by the grounding of womanhood in birth and pregnancy, are cisgender, non-sterile, heterosexual women. All others are directly harmed by this idea, the trans person has their gender identity invalidated either by being a woman incapable of birth, or a man capable of birth (or neither!), the sterile woman is cut out, potentially reawakening trauma, the queer woman is silenced, who has a far lower chance of becoming pregnant by choice.

Furthermore, the view that birth is a woman's thing aides patriarchy, which uses this very same talking point to reinforce the very property relations which birthed it.

Fundamentally, then, The whole concept of the "biological woman" beyond neurochemistry and hormones, is patriarchal and exclusionary to those who do not fit within the narrow definition of the archetypal non-sterile cishet woman.
[[Category:Essays]]
[[Category:Essays by Local Gay Communist - LGC]]
[[Category:On gender (by LGC)]]

Essay:Liberal Feminism and the Holy Birth

2026-05-07T21:04:37Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: Created page with "It is often the case that liberal feminists take as a point of pride the perceived womanliness of the ability to give birth, and use it as a defining factor for the female gender. This essay tries to understand why this is the case and examine the practice critically. A lot of this theory (especially in the part where I criticize it's effects) can also be applied to the similar intertwining of womanhood/femininity and periods/menstruation. === Why do ''Women'' give birt..."

It is often the case that liberal feminists take as a point of pride the perceived womanliness of the ability to give birth, and use it as a defining factor for the female gender. This essay tries to understand why this is the case and examine the practice critically. A lot of this theory (especially in the part where I criticize it's effects) can also be applied to the similar intertwining of womanhood/femininity and periods/menstruation.

=== Why do ''Women'' give birth? ===
Women give birth because they are women. What does this mean? It means that the concept of a woman is intertwined with birth, the idea that we can cleanly divide society into "man" and "woman" emerged out of property relations: men own property, while women make more men to own property. From this origin it makes perfect sense to heavily ground man and woman in biology, per this definition, only a man can create more men, with women existing as a tool for that creation, the title is passed on from man to man, through women.

A woman in that sense then is birthed of the necessity to track property rights. A woman, per that definition, is property, a tool for the creation of more men. A woman is, then, a womb, nothing but the act of birth, in fact. A woman, then, is but the preeminence of reproduction, the woman is other-ed because, to maintain the concept of property patriarchy is to other the woman.

From this definition, then, the modern concept of woman is borne, and hence, the liberal feminist, who views gender as static, and who cannot fully comprehend of the trans individual homogenizes the woman AS birth, the woman is still birth, then, they are the womb, still, this is the product of upholding capitalism, where women fulfill the dual purpose of patriarchal reproduction, and social-reproductive labor. The liberal then must either uphold the woman as tool of patriarchy, but "empowered" through ownership of her subservience to patriarchal property relations, or abolish "man" and "woman" in favor of an alternative model, by transcending capitalist relations, de-liberalization, then, is the alternative.

=== The effects and issues, a critical view ===
It should be obvious by now, then, that the firm grounding of womanhood in the ability to give birth, and vice-versa, is a detriment to many a woman. For, womanhood is still a label used by those who fall outside this view. The sterile woman, the trans woman (and man!), the woman who simply wishes not to give birth, the non-heterosexual woman, the non-binary, all of these do not fit neatly into this idea. The only people who actually are served by the grounding of womanhood in birth and pregnancy, are cisgender, non-sterile, heterosexual women. All others are directly harmed by this idea, the trans person has their gender identity invalidated either by being a woman incapable of birth, or a man capable of birth (or neither!), the sterile woman is cut out, potentially reawakening trauma, the queer woman is silenced, who has a far lower chance of becoming pregnant by choice.

Furthermore, the view that birth is a woman's thing aides patriarchy, which uses this very same talking point to reinforce the very property relations which birthed it.

Fundamentally, then, The whole concept of the "biological woman" beyond neurochemistry and hormones, is patriarchal and exclusionary to those who do not fit within the narrow definition of the archetypal non-sterile cishet woman.
[[Category:Essays]]
[[Category:Essays by Local Gay Communist - LGC]]
[[Category:On gender (by LGC)]]

Essay:Crisis Points and why Worse Conditions don't Magically Create Revolution

2026-05-07T20:36:30Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: added categories :3

This essay exists to clarify the nature of crisis and to demystify them away from idealist conceptions of "natural radicalization".

=== What is a crisis point? ===
A crisis point is a historical phase wherein a chain of events causes a rupture in the material conditions in which the proletariat exists.

This can be for instance:

* War
* Famine
* Financial crisis
* Political crisis
* Domestic unrest/terror
* Global collapse of a world order
* Annexation
* etc.

All of these events create fundamental shifts in the material conditions of the effected proletariat (or more broadly the local laboring classes).

These shifts have a tendency to present as:

* Mass inflation
* A disorganizing of productive forces (i.e through physical destruction of MoP or mass killing of the proletariat, etc.)
* A rapid shift in the availability of certain commodities (shortage of oil or food, etc.)
* The rapid degradation of the use-value of certain commodities (dirty water, moldy food, low quality oil, etc.)

Important to note is that the intensity of a crisis point is largely related to the vitality of the productive forces or commodities affected and the value placed on them by the dominant culture (i.e a shortage of consumer gaming consoles has generally less of an impact than, say, a shortage of clean drinking water.)

A crisis is, as it relates to praxis & theory, an undefined vector of social movement, it broadly causes rapid social movement, but in a disorganized form, a crisis has no inherent ideology, it is as it first appears, a material shift which causes a rupture in the ideological status quo, a vacuum, of sorts.

=== The nature of crisis points in their relation to praxis ===
It is simultaneously the case that crisis points lack a direction, and that crisis points affect social movement, how then, does this contradiction resolve?

The crisis point is given a value via a mechanistic intervention of ideology. For instance, a fascist can take a crisis in the labor market as an opportunity to spread lies about migrant labor, or elite conspiracy, while a communist might take that same crisis and point to it's roots and effects on the proletariat, the liberal however, seeking to uphold the status quo, might take aim at the communists and the fascists, using the crisis as an opportunity to direct praxis against an imagined external threat, or a real internal threat (such as the fascist and/or communist, whichever upsets the status quo more). Ultimately then, because all sides see the crisis point as an opportunity for directing social movement, they come into conflict about the direction. This is the contradiction at hand, it seeks to define the vector of social movement by resolving the ideological struggle, thereby defining the nature of the response to the crisis.

If a fascist succeeds in this struggle, then, we may see an uptick in fascists, if a communist succeeds, we may see an uptick in communists, if a liberal succeeds, we may see a retention of the status quo. Note however that the vector is not entirely hegemonic, whichever side comes out on top, small slivers will be radicalized towards the other side, and a larger proportion will take the "polite" and "principled" stance of upholding the status quo.

The relation of radicals to those who wish to uphold the status quo is decided by the general intensity of social movement already present before the crisis. Note here that the crisis point does not "create" radicalism, it intensifies and highlights the contradictions inherent to the given society, thereby intensifying the ideological contradiction, in essence, it takes the already present social movement and spikes it, it will then either fall back down (but not to the original level, as negation is never full negation) or boil over into a broader societal shift, defined by the cumulative effect of historical crisis points.

=== A note on crisis points in their relation to ideological preparedness and present social vectors & lines ===
A crisis point, however, cannot be simply adopted by any unprepared grouping, for, if a group lacks coherent theory and a comprehensive line, their input will be naught but vague noise and fall into the broader chaos. For any given grouping to take advantage of a crisis point, they require a stable structure, a sound theoretical basis and a strong, actively upheld line, which will inform their desired vector definition.

Look at it this way, if we imagine the proletariat as a golf ball, the social movement as the golf club, and the vector thereof as the angle and intensity of the golf-club, would it not be wise to firstly figure out said angle and intensity, rather than ineffectively waving the golf-club around, while masturbating to the thought of "open debate" and "acknowledging both sides" at least those who swing the club falsely still affect the balls trajectory!

The point being, when there is little intensity in the class struggle, we have room to breath and debate and build new ideas and advance the line, etc. But in said times of intense class struggle, we cannot be stuck fighting amongst ourselves over the best approach. If an organization is constantly in intense contradiction over their very definition, then it is not a useful organization, and must be abandoned in favor of a more stable, politically coherent organization, even if it may be smaller in size.
[[Category:Essays]]
[[Category:Essays by Local Gay Communist - LGC]]

Essay:Crisis Points and why Worse Conditions don't Magically Create Revolution

2026-05-07T16:26:47Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: made the essay :3

Essay:Teachers and the Professional Intelligentsia

2026-04-22T11:30:24Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: forgot to add the category lmao 67 hehehe

when we analyze class dynamics in capitalism we generally draw distinctions based on relations to means of production. The proletarian is a proletarian because they do not possess that with which they labor, the machinery, the product, even the very process of production is dispossessed of them. The bourgeois is bourgeois because they as an individual own the means by which a proletarian produces without providing any labor themselves. The petit bourgeois is the petit bourgeois because they simultaneously own and operate the means of production, whether alone or alongside their workers, there are many forms of the petit bourgeoisie, most common of which today are the small merchants and, increasingly, artisan producers.

== Beyond basic class analysis and into sub-strata-thinking ==
But, while this overview of class does indeed cover all of class, class society is not solely class-based, though it may be class-oriented. Classes contain ideas and cultures, which must be conveyed within this new world of socialized production, the factory floor is never silent, and the voices spread what they can. Hence, as the late, great, esteemed comrade Antonio Gramsci determined, class society creates intelligentsias, sub-stratas, if you will, which act to disseminate and reproduce class-oriented cultural hegemony.

Within capitalism, the intelligentsia exists as a chain of ideas:

Bourgeoisie -> Bourgeois media outlets -> Proletariat

The idea starts out as being necessitated to uphold capitalism, this then gets translated into a form which the proletariat is trained to digest (liberal analysis), put forth to the bourgeois media outlets, and finally digested by the proletariat. But how does a proletarian get to a point where they accept liberal analysis uncritically, to the point of not even recognizing it as politically informed?

To answer this we must dive into the childhood of people in capitalism.

== Capitalist childhood ==
From the moment you are birthed, you are assigned a liberal label, "boy" or "girl" this is the first step by which capitalist society infiltrates the burgeoning mind, the gender mask is applied immediately, externally, ready to be internalized as soon as the brain is formed enough to comprehend it's own inner gender. Then all through childhood, liberalism is reinforced, through TV shows like paw patrol which encourage the acceptance of bourgeois police officers, or batman, which normalizes fascist vigilante justice. The media then, reinforces and establishes a base political line, which must become second nature to all children, when they see a cop, they should think "police officer, friend, helpful" and not "threat, class oppression, violence" despite the latter being the more accurate reading. This is ingrained liberalism at work.

Beyond the early childhood however, the child develops critical faculties, this poses a problem, left to their own devices, many children develop so-called "rebellious phases" where they become conscious to contradictions in familial relations or social relations. To harness this, capitalism developed schooling, a school is made to contain a child, sending them to the factory would be helpful for tight spaces, but risks them developing class consciousness at an early age, so they cannot be contained in a factory, they must be contained in a separate facility, and so capitalism takes advantage of this and creates schools, a space where children can be contained and indoctrinated without worry.

== How school works ==
For this new system, they developed various tools to enforce liberalism and tame the burgeoning consciousness. The idea is to make children perform unproductive labor, i.e, labor which produces nothing, conditioning them to alienation, to enforce this, the school class unit is overseen by a singular, external entity, the teacher. The teacher is to the school class, what a manager is to a factory-floor worker, a figure with a comparable class relation, who has been chosen to be elevated by the bourgeoisie in order to disseminate and enforce bourgeois thought amongst the workers. The teacher creates and enforces arbitrary rules, arbitrary rating of labor quality and assigns collective residual labor (homework). Unlike the proletarian however, the student is not compensated for their labor, they are essentially forced through the VSA (Violent State Apparatus) to be subject to the ISA (Ideological State Apparatus) from fellow proletarians* acting as a professional intelligentsia.

A professional intelligentsia, is a strata of proletarian who puts their labor power towards the enforcement of the ISA through means such as the bourgeois media outlets or the schooling system.

Through this intense and heightened alienation, the proletarian is prepared for entry into socialized productive labor. This is achieved by using this exceptionally mounted contradiction to break the spirit and crush the remnants of early-youth consciousness into a fine powder, ready to be processed into liberal compliance.

<nowiki>*</nowiki>the student is a dependent upon their parents, and hence inherit the class relation of those parents (in a dependent configuration).
[[Category:Essay]]
[[Category:Essays about pedagogy]]
[[Category:Essays by Local Gay Communist - LGC]]

Feminism

2026-04-22T11:28:41Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: reworded from "women's oppression" to "gender oppression" because patriarchy isn't just about women

'''Feminism''' is a movement to combat and abolish the Patriarchy to achieve gender equality. It opposes [[patriarchy]], [[misogyny]], and [[sexism]]. It can be divided into [[bourgeois feminism]], which focuses solely on gender, and [[proletarian feminism]], which sees gender oppression as rooted in [[class society]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Jodi Dean|newspaper=[[Liberation School]]|title=Alexandra Kollontai (pt. 1): The struggle for proletarian feminism and for women in the party|date=2020-08-14|url=https://www.liberationschool.org/kollontai-socialism-and-feminism-part-one/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129012200/https://www.liberationschool.org/kollontai-socialism-and-feminism-part-one/|archive-date=2022-11-29|retrieved=2023-01-14}}</ref>

== First Wave ==
The First Wave of feminism lasted from the late 19th century to early 20th century. First wave feminists struggled for women's suffrage, equality of inheritance, and equal property rights. This stage was mostly organized by [[Bourgeoisie|bourgeois]] women but also included some radical feminists.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=Debunking the right-wing: Misogyny and feminism|date=2021-04-22|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/debunking-the-right-wing-misogyny-and-feminism-faed777fa9b3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422012714/https://linestruggle.medium.com/debunking-the-right-wing-misogyny-and-feminism-faed777fa9b3|archive-date=2021-04-22|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref>

== Second Wave ==
The Second Wave of feminism lasted from the 1960s to the 1980s and was more radical and [[Proletariat|proletarian]] than the First Wave. It focused on workplace rights, sexuality, reproductive rights, and sexual violence.<ref name=":0" />

== Third Wave ==
The Third Wave of feminism began in the 1990s. It included the [[LGBT+]] community and criticized earlier waves for being too Eurocentric. Some say that a Fourth Wave began in the 2010s, and others say that the Third Wave has continued until the present.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
[[Category:Feminism]]

Essay:Teachers and the Professional Intelligentsia

2026-04-22T11:22:20Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: Created page with "when we analyze class dynamics in capitalism we generally draw distinctions based on relations to means of production. The proletarian is a proletarian because they do not possess that with which they labor, the machinery, the product, even the very process of production is dispossessed of them. The bourgeois is bourgeois because they as an individual own the means by which a proletarian produces without providing any labor themselves. The petit bourgeois is the petit bo..."

Essay:Western Marxists must stand against Ukraine

2026-02-24T10:15:22Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: made a lil essay summing up why Ukraine bad :3333

This essay will explore the nature of the Ukrainian state and the failures of western Marxists to address it accurately.

== A brief history of the modern Ukrainian state ==
In the wake of the collapse of the USSR, of which Ukraine was a constituent, many far-right governments arose in the various newly established eastern European states, among these most importantly for our purposes are Russia and Ukraine. Originally in Russia the presidency was taken over by one Boris Yeltsin, a counterrevolutionary and Neo-liberal anti-communist who led the catastrophic liberalization of Russia, destroying the industries, ruining thousands of lives and leaving upwards of 13% of the Russian population and 22% of 18-25 year olds unemployed while dropping real wages by 50%<ref>{{Web citation|author=Patricia McBroom|newspaper=Berkley University|title=New data on Russian jobs and wages reveal dramatic economic decline, according to UC Berkeley sociologist|date=1998-3-25|url=https://newsarchive.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/98legacy/03_25_98b.html}}</ref> This obviously unpopular presidency was followed up by Putin, who successfully revitalized the Russian economy, inheriting an unemployment rate of 10% he lowered it to closer to 6%, while the real wages soared by upwards of a 200% increase from the Yeltsin presidency, not only that, but he stabilized real wages, no longer massive shifts in the value of the ruble, but a relatively stable index of 93-120<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=CEICdata|title=Russia Real Wages Index|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/russia/real-wages-index-previous-year100-by-region/real-wages-index}}</ref>. Looking over to Ukraine we see a different type of trend, originally the secession was lead by Leonid Kuchma and Leonid Kravchuk, who immediately began mass neoliberalisation, decreasing life expectancy by 3 years and increasing poverty rates to 63% of the country, obviously in wake of all this the communist party won the first elections in the new Ukraine, but, just as obviously, the two Leonids did not allow them to ascend to government with the help of NATO and Boris Yeltsin, Kuchma proposed massive constitutional reform and threatened to dissolve parliament if the Communist Party did not agree, later going on to rig the 1999 election to stay in power, he convinced factions of the CPU to split in order to weaken the communist movement. However, the two Leonids presidency would not remain much longer, as soon one Viktor Yuschenko and his far-right coalition would go on to win the 2002 elections, as a US backed candidate he wanted to join NATO to submit Ukraine to the imperialist bloc, he and his coalition narrowly lost the 2004 election to the anti-American candidate Viktor Yanukovych. Soon however protests backed by oligarchs Petro Poroshenko and Yulia Tymoshenko broke out against Yanukovych, with John McCain, Henry Kissinger, and Zbigniew Brzezinski visiting Kiev to declare their support for the unrest, ultimately ending with a Ukrainian Constitutional Court ruling in favour of a reelection, wherein Yuschenko won. During the 2008 financial crisis, Yuschenko's mismanagement would ultimately catch up to him as Russia cut gas supplies to Ukraine, Unemployment trippled and many banks failed, causing Yuschenko's support to drop to 4%, ending in Yanukovych's victory in the 2010, Yanukovych aimed to normalise relations with Russia and cut ties to the IMF, eventually leading to his rejection of IMF demands to raise taxes and cut social spending, which would have caused hundreds of thousands of people to lose their jobs. This triggered the US government to fund a coup of the Ukrainian government, known widely in western circles as the "Maidan revolution" or "Euromaidan" the 2014 coup of the Ukrainian government established far-right oligarch Oleksandr Turchynov as the acting president of Ukraine until a different far right Oligarch, Petro Poroshenko (yes that one from earlier!!) took power in the snap elections.

== The coup and it's connection to Nazis ==
The 2014 coup of the Ukrainian government had undeniable and direct links to Neo-Nazis. Being partially formed of and led by the Nazi groups of Svoboda, Right-Sector, UNA-UNSO, Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists and Misanthropic division, all of which instigated violence, until eventually the coup went through.

The effects of the Coup were a banning of all communist symbols, including a 5 year prison sentence for singing the anthem of the USSR, a repealing of the language autonomy law and a strengthening of various Nazi groupings which lead to an active terror campaign in the Russian-majority areas of Crimea and the Donbass, with Crimea voting to rejoin the Russian federation in 2014, cutting off the bridge connecting it to Ukraine and calling upon 1990s agreements with Russia to host military support in anticipation of Neo-Nazi attacks. The Donbass however, had no such luxury and instead a separatist movement would take hold, igniting a civil war which would last until the 2022 Russian invasion.

Later the Ukrainian government under Zelensky would see a revision of the image of Stepan Bandera, a WW2 Nazi collaborator responsible for the deaths of 2 million Jews, naming multiple streets after him and declaring him a national hero. That's like if the German Government renamed a bunch of streets to "Göbbels" and declared him a national Hero, while claiming to be defending against the hordes Polish Nazis of course.

== Our goal in the west ==
We in the west, who live in countries which actively support this fascist-loving, history-revising imperialist lapdog state, which has called itself the "Israel of the west" must stand against the further imperialist proxy-profiteering of our governments, who seek from this to make profits from selling weapons to Ukraine, extending the war, and weakening Russia, who is their adversary.

We must extend a critical support to Russia, who despite her flaws, is a country against Imperialism, one interested in a multi-polar world order which is our best chance to future victories.
[[Category:Essay]]
[[Category:Essays by Local Gay Communist - LGC]]
[[Category:Essays]]
[[Category:Ukraine]]
[[Category:Revisionism]]

Demian Ganul

2026-01-20T17:10:26Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: Created page with "Demian Ganul is a Ukrainian gang-presser responsible for the kidnapping and forced conscription of at least one person in Odesa, Odesa Oblast.<ref>{{Web citation|author=N/A|newspaper=UaDraftMuseum|title=Incident 0c5bd5de|url=https://uadraftmuseum.ch/incidents/0c5bd5de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424194940/https://uadraftmuseum.ch/incidents/0c5bd5de|archive-date=18 Jul 2025}}</ref>"

Demian Ganul is a [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[gang-presser]] responsible for the kidnapping and forced conscription of at least one person in Odesa, Odesa Oblast.<ref>{{Web citation|author=N/A|newspaper=UaDraftMuseum|title=Incident 0c5bd5de|url=https://uadraftmuseum.ch/incidents/0c5bd5de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424194940/https://uadraftmuseum.ch/incidents/0c5bd5de|archive-date=18 Jul 2025}}</ref>

Andriy Yatzkiv

2026-01-20T17:07:09Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: Created page with "Andriy Yatzkiv is a Ukrainian press-ganger responsible for the kidnapping and forced conscription of at least one person from Ternopil, Ternopil region.<ref>{{Web citation|author=N/A|newspaper=UaDraftMuseum|title=Incident 1997e1d2|url=https://uadraftmuseum.ch/incidents/1997e1d2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426121258/https://uadraftmuseum.ch/incidents/1997e1d2|archive-date=18 Jul 2025}}</ref>"

Andriy Yatzkiv is a [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[press-ganger]] responsible for the kidnapping and forced conscription of at least one person from Ternopil, Ternopil region.<ref>{{Web citation|author=N/A|newspaper=UaDraftMuseum|title=Incident 1997e1d2|url=https://uadraftmuseum.ch/incidents/1997e1d2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426121258/https://uadraftmuseum.ch/incidents/1997e1d2|archive-date=18 Jul 2025}}</ref>

Yuriy Matzenka

2026-01-20T17:03:48Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC:

{{Infobox person|name=Yuriy Matzenka|image=YuriyMatzenka.png|caption=Image believed to be Yuriy Matzenka}}
Yuriy Matzenka is a [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[Press-Ganger]] responsible for the kidnapping and forced conscription of at least one person in Ternopil, Ternopil Region.<ref>{{Web citation|author=N/A|newspaper=UaDraftMuseum|title=Incident 1997e1d2|url=https://uadraftmuseum.ch/incidents/1997e1d2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426121258/https://uadraftmuseum.ch/incidents/1997e1d2|archive-date=18 Jul 2025}}</ref>

File:YuriyMatzenka.png

2026-01-20T17:02:27Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: believed to be Yuriy Matzenka

== Summary ==
believed to be Yuriy Matzenka

Yuriy Matzenka

2026-01-20T17:02:00Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: Created page with "Yuriy Matzenka is a Ukrainian Press-Ganger responsible for the kidnapping and forced conscription of at least one person in Ternopil, Ternopil Region. {{Infobox person|name=Yuriy Matzenka|image=YuriyMatzenka.png|caption=Image believed to be Yuriy Matzenka}}"

Yuriy Matzenka is a [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[Press-Ganger]] responsible for the kidnapping and forced conscription of at least one person in Ternopil, Ternopil Region.

{{Infobox person|name=Yuriy Matzenka|image=YuriyMatzenka.png|caption=Image believed to be Yuriy Matzenka}}

Zubato Vasyl

2026-01-20T16:57:43Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: sources

Zubato Vasyl is a [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[Pess-Ganger]], who is responsible for the kidnapping and forced conscription of at least one person in Lutsk, Volyn Oblast.<ref>{{Web citation|author=N/A|newspaper=UaDraftMuseum|title=Incident daf16690|url=https://uadraftmuseum.ch/incidents/daf16690|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250315174024/https://uadraftmuseum.ch/incidents/daf16690|archive-date=18 Jul 2025|quote="was held there for 5 days, beatings, humiliation, medical examination documents were forged"}}</ref>

Zubato Vasyl

2026-01-20T16:55:52Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: Created page with "Zubato Vasyl is a Ukrainian Pess-Ganger, who is responsible for the kidnapping and forced conscription of at least one person in Lutsk, Volyn Oblast."

Zubato Vasyl is a [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[Pess-Ganger]], who is responsible for the kidnapping and forced conscription of at least one person in Lutsk, Volyn Oblast.

Banderite

2026-01-20T16:50:22Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: made a redirect

#REDIRECT [[Stepan Bandera]]

Ukraine

2026-01-20T16:49:46Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC:

{{Infobox country|name=Ukraine|native_name=Україна|image_flag=Flag of Ukraine.svg|image_map=Ukraine map disputed.png|map_width=290|map_caption=Territories partially controlled by Russia in light green, recognized as Ukrainian territory by the UN.|official_languages=Ukrainian|demonym=Ukrainian|largest_city=Kyiv|image_coat=Ukrainian coat of arms.svg|capital=Kyiv|government_type=Unitary semi-presidential republic under a [[dictatorship of the bourgeoisie]], defacto a [[Banderite]] [[fascist]] dictatorship|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|leader_title1=President|leader_name1=[[Volodymyr Zelensky]]|leader_title2=Prime Minister|leader_name2=[[Denys Shmyhal]]|leader_title3=Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada|leader_name3=[[Ruslan Stefanchuk]]|area_km2=603,628|population_estimate=33,365,000|population_estimate_year=2024|legislature=Verkhovna Rada|established_event1=Secession from USSR|established_date1=1991 August 24|established_event2=[[Orange Revolution]]|established_date2=22 November 2004|established_event3=[[Euromaidan coup]]|established_date3=2014 February 22}}
'''Ukraine''' is a country in [[Eastern Europe]], the second largest on the continent in terms of area after [[Russian Federation|Russia]]. It borders Russia to the east, [[Republic of Belarus|Belarus]] to the north, [[Republic of Poland|Poland]], [[Slovak Republic|Slovakia]] and [[Hungary]] to the west and [[Romania]], [[Republic of Moldova|Moldova]], and the partially recognised state of [[Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic|Pridnestrovie]] to the southwest. It has previously been part of [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian Empire]] and the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|USSR]] as the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991)|Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]]. Ukraine, together with [[Republic of Belarus|Belarus]] and the leadership of the then [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|RSFSR]] played a central role in the dissolution of the USSR. Modern Ukraine is an [[Imperialism|imperialist]] state that has been fighting a [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]] proxy [[2022 Russo-Ukrainian conflict|war against Russia]] since 2022.

Current [[Socialism|socialist]] and [[Communism|communist]] political parties in Ukraine include the [[Communist Party of Ukraine]] and the [[Union of Communists of Ukraine]].

== History ==

=== Kievan rus ===
{{Main article|Kievan Rus' (880–1240)}}

=== Foreign domination ===
[[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Poland]] and [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]] began annexing parts of what is now Ukraine in the 14th century and completed the annexation in 1569. [[Russian Tsardom|Russia]] and Poland partitioned the region in 1667. In the late 18th century, Russia conquered most of Poland, including Ukraine, while [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] occupied Western Galicia.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=Albert Szymanski|year=1984|title=Human Rights in the Soviet Union|chapter=The European Nationalities in the USSR|page=83–84|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceazdmtb2y3qq27fve5ib3gk7uv2unt6ae2xss74xmfpur7k5uhl5m?filename=Albert%20Szymanski%20-%20Human%20Rights%20in%20the%20Soviet%20Union_%20Including%20Comparisons%20with%20the%20U.S.A.-Zed%20Books%20Ltd.%20%281984%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|isbn=0862320186|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=C597B1232D9EA6B0F3DCB438D7E15A81}}</ref>

=== Russian revolution and civil war ===
In January 1918, Ukraine declared independence, forming the [[Ukrainian National Republic (1917–1920)|Ukrainian National Republic]], and allowed [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German]] and [[Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918)|Austrian]] troops to enter and expel the [[Workers' and Peasants' Red Army|Red Army]]. In 1919 and 1920, there was a civil war between communists, [[White Army|monarchists]], [[Ukrainian Free Territory|anarchists]], nationalists, and invading [[Republic of Poland (1918–1939)|Polish]] forces. A peace treaty in 1921 ceded the western third of Ukraine to Poland, but Polish forces were defeated in the east.<ref name=":02" />

=== Soviet era ===
{{Main article|Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991)}}
The concept of Ukraine has only come into being since the beginning of the Soviet Union, when the Soviet government decided to unite what had previously been nine separate districts in the Russian Empire. The region was named after the term "Ukraina" (ru.: Украина, meaning "land at the edge", "borderlands"). Much of the western part of Ukraine was part of Poland, annexed for the first time into either Russia or Ukraine during the [[Second World War]]. In 1922, the Ukrainian SSR joined the Soviet Union as one of its four original republics.

In 1939, the Soviet Union occupied western Ukraine to prevent it from being invaded by [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi Germany]]. The [[Fascism|fascist]] [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]] fought against the Soviet Union during the war and continued some armed actions until the early 1950s.<ref name=":02" /> Between 10 and 13 million Ukrainians died during the war, and Germany [[Slavery|enslaved]] 2.2–2.5 million more.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Ron Ridenour|newspaper=[[CovertAction Magazine]]|title=Does Iceland Set Benchmark for Peaceful and Politically Engaged People?|date=2022-06-17|url=https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/06/17/does-iceland-set-benchmark-for-peaceful-and-politically-engaged-people/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702055647/https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/06/17/does-iceland-set-benchmark-for-peaceful-and-politically-engaged-people/|archive-date=2022-07-02|retrieved=2023-01-07}}</ref>

[[Crimea]] was incorporated into Ukraine for the first time in 1954, after having been in the [[Russian SFSR]] since the start of the Soviet Union, and having been part of different districts since before even the Tsardom.

=== Transition to capitalism ===
On 24 August 1991, the Ukrainian SSR seceded from the Soviet Union.<ref>{{News citation|date=1991-08-24|title=Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine|newspaper=Verkhnovna Rada of Ukraine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930203430/http://gska2.rada.gov.ua:7777/site/postanova_eng/Rres_Declaration_Independence_rev12.htm|archive-date=2009-09-30}}</ref> After seceding, [[Leonid Kuchma]] and [[Leonid Kravchuk]] began mass privatization programs.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=Evan Reif|newspaper=[[CovertAction Magazine]]|title=What the U.S. Government and The New York Times Have Quietly Agreed Not to Tell You About Ukraine|date=2022-07-29|url=https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/07/29/what-the-u-s-government-and-the-new-york-times-have-quietly-agreed-not-to-tell-you-about-ukraine/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804035237/https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/07/29/what-the-u-s-government-and-the-new-york-times-have-quietly-agreed-not-to-tell-you-about-ukraine/|archive-date=2022-08-04|retrieved=2022-08-06}}</ref> Their neoliberal policies decreased life expectancy by three years, which did not recover until 2010,<ref>{{Citation|author=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division|year=2019|title=World Population Prospects 2019, Online Edition|title-url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/3_Mortality/WPP2019_MORT_F07_1_LIFE_EXPECTANCY_0_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> and poverty increased from 2% in the late 1980s to 63% in the mid-1990s.<ref>{{Citation|author=Branko Milanovic|year=1998|title=Income, Inequality and Poverty during the Transition from Planned to Market Economy|pdf=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321231809/https://www.gc.cuny.edu/CUNY_GC/media/CUNY-Graduate-Center/PDF/Centers/LIS/Milanovic/papers/Income_ineq_poverty_book.pdf|city=Washington, D.C.|publisher=World Bank}}</ref>

The Communist Party of Ukraine won elections in 1994 and 1998, but Kuchma and Kravchuk kept them out of power with support from NATO and [[Boris Yeltsin]]. Kuchma proposed over 6,000 changes to the constitution and threatened to dissolve parliament if the Communist Party did not agree to the changes. Kuchma rigged the 1999 election to stay in power and convinced factions of the CPU to split.<ref name=":0" />

=== Orange Revolution ===
[[Viktor Yushchenko]] won the 2002 presidential election as part of the [[Our Ukraine]] coalition, which included the far-right [[Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists]]. Yushchenko was backed by the [[United States of America|United States]] and wanted Ukraine to join NATO as quickly as possible. Viktor Yanukovych won the 2004 election by a narrow margin. [[Orange Revolution|Protests]] began against Yanukovych, which were supported by oligarchs such as [[Petro Poroshenko]] and [[Yulia Tymoshenko]], and the Ukrainian constitutional court ordered a redo of the election. [[John McCain]], [[Henry Kissinger]], and [[Zbigniew Brzeziński|Zbigniew Brzezinski]] visited Kyiv and supported Yushchenko. Yushchenko won the second round of the election and took power.<ref name=":0" />

=== 2008 financial crisis ===
During the [[Great Recession|2008 financial crisis]], Russia cut gas supplies to Ukraine, unemployment tripled, and many banks failed. Yushchenko's popularity rate dropped to only 5%. Yanukovych and his [[Party of Regions]] won 48% of the vote in 2010, and Yulia Tymoshenko won 45%.<ref name=":0" />

=== 2014 coup d'état ===
[[File:Euromaidan building.png|thumb|Trade union building in Odessa destroyed in the 2014 coup]]
[[File:Ukronazis.png|thumb|[[Neo-Nazism|Neo-Nazis]] in Kyiv]]
In 2014, the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] asked Ukraine to raise taxes and cut social spending. Yanukovych's government refused because the changes could cause hundreds of thousands of people to lose their jobs.<ref name=":0" />

In 2014, the United States of America helped finance and arm the [[2014 Ukrainian coup d'etat|Euromaidan coup d'état]] to overthrow the government of Ukraine, because of its allegiance to Russia. As a result there has been a subsequent rise of [[Neo-Nazism|Nazism]] in Ukraine, especially in the government of Ukraine, two regions ([[Donetsk People's Republic|Donetsk]] and [[Luhansk People's Republic|Luhansk]]) have seceded to form their own governments, and Crimea has voted to rejoin the Russian Federation. After the coup, the Ukrainian government banned communist symbols, and anyone who sings the [[State Anthem of the Soviet Union|anthem of the USSR]] may be sent to prison for up to five years.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Alec Luhn|date=2015-05-21|title=Ukraine bans Soviet symbols and criminalises sympathy for communism|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/21/ukraine-bans-soviet-symbols-criminalises-sympathy-for-communism|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=2012-12-30}}</ref> The coup led to reduced social spending in Ukraine and increase of over 400% in the military budget.<ref>{{Web citation|author=John Ross|newspaper=[[Tricontinental]]|title=The United States Is Waging a New Cold War: A Socialist Perspective|date=2022-09-13|url=https://thetricontinental.org/the-united-states-is-waging-a-new-cold-war-a-socialist-perspective/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104225555/https://thetricontinental.org/the-united-states-is-waging-a-new-cold-war-a-socialist-perspective/|archive-date=2022-11-04|retrieved=2022-11-19}}</ref>

=== 2022 Russo-Ukrainian conflict ===
{{Main article|2022 Russo-Ukrainian conflict}}
In 2022, Ukraine banned the Communist Party of Ukraine and ordered the seizure of its funds and assets.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=[[In Defense of Communism]]|title=Ukraine court confirms ban on the Communist Party, orders its property's seizure|date=2022-07-06|url=http://www.idcommunism.com/2022/07/ukraine-court-confirms-ban-on-communist-party-orders-its-property-seizure.html|retrieved=2022-07-06}}</ref> In September 2022, the Donetsk and Lugansk regions and the Ukrainian oblasts of Kherson and Zaporozhye voted to join [[Russian Federation|Russia]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Wayne Cristaudo|newspaper=The Postil Magazine|title=The Narrative of Sham Elections|date=2022-11-01|url=https://www.thepostil.com/the-narrative-of-sham-elections/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117121827/https://www.thepostil.com/the-narrative-of-sham-elections/|archive-date=2022-11-17|retrieved=2022-12-01}}</ref>

Despite the massive western propaganda, the defences of Ukraine are starting to crumble.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Joshua Keating|newspaper=Vox|title=Are Ukraine’s defenses starting to crumble?|date=2024-02-22|url=https://www.vox.com/2024/2/22/24079595/avdiivka-ukraine-russia-war-artillery|retrieved=2024-03-16}}</ref> The average age of an Ukrainian soldier is over 40 years old as of November 2023.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Erin Snodgrass|newspaper=Business Insider|title=The average age of Ukrainian soldier is older than 40 as the country grapples with personnel problems|date=2023-11-07|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/average-age-ukrainian-soldier-43-amid-personnel-problems-2023-11|retrieved=2024-03-24}}</ref>

the Ukrainian government engages in kidnapping-esque forced conscription.<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fL-VmNRy0i4|channel=Videos from Mariupol|title=TERROR OF UKRAINIAN CONSCRIPTION|date=Mar 13, 2025}}</ref>

== Foreign relations ==
From the genesis of the new Ukrainian state in 1991 to 2014, the government of Ukraine held a relatively neutral status.

From the coup in 2014 to the present, the government in Ukraine has been within NATO's sphere of influence.

=== Biological weapons research ===
In 2005, Ukraine signed an agreement for the [[United States Department of Defense|USA Department of Defense]] to control various biological research facilities in Ukraine.<ref>{{News citation|title=AGREEMENT between the DoD and the Ministry of Health of Ukraine|url=https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/05-829-Ukraine-Weapons.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303132406/https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/05-829-Ukraine-Weapons.pdf}}</ref> Since then the USA's military has opened 26 biological research facilities in Ukraine.<ref>{{News citation|date=08-Mar-2022|title=China urges U.S. to disclose more details about biolabs in Ukraine|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-03-08/China-urges-U-S-to-disclose-details-about-biolabs-in-Ukraine-18eA7VpwQRG/index.html|newspaper=CGTN}}</ref><ref>{{News citation|author=[[Regis Tremblay]] and [[Vladimir Kozin]]|newspaper=[[Regis Tremblay]]|title=Russia Demands Answers on US Biolabs in Ukraine - The Narrative is Crumbling|date=2022-06-14|url=https://youtu.be/p1mbjqoVkTA}}</ref>

The Security Service of Ukraine denied the existence of such research facilities in 2020<ref>{{News citation|date=May 8, 2020|title=SBU: No US biological laboratories in Ukraine|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/sbu-no-us-biological-laboratories-in-ukraine.html}}</ref>, before their existence being later confirmed by USA Under Secretary [[Victoria Nuland]].<ref>{{News citation|date=09-Mar-2022|title=U.S. acknowledges existence of bio research facilities in Ukraine|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-03-09/U-S-acknowledges-existence-of-bio-research-facilities-in-Ukraine-18gyZt3PWww/index.html|newspaper=CGTN}}</ref>

== Soviet nostalgia ==
{{Main article|Communist nostalgia}}
Despite the anti-communist laws, many people say life was better under socialism. Only 30% of Ukrainian's supported the change to a multiparty system and less than a quarter believe that the dissolution of the Soviet Union was good for Ukraine.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Neli Esipova, Julie Ray|date=2013-12-19|title=Former Soviet Countries See More Harm From Breakup|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/166538/former-soviet-countries-harm-breakup.aspx|newspaper=Gallup|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=2021-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|author=|year=2009|title=End of Communism Cheered but Now with More Reservations|chapter=|section=|page=|quote=|pdf=|city=|publisher=|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2009/11/02/end-of-communism-cheered-but-now-with-more-reservations/|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> Ukrainian communist leaders have been arrested and are likely to be executed by the anti-communist Kiev regime.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=C. J. Atkins|date=2022-03-07|title=Ukrainian Communist youth leaders arrested by government, reportedly targeted for death|url=https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/ukrainian-communist-youth-leaders-reportedly-arrested-by-government-targeted-for-death/|newspaper=[[People's World]]}}</ref>

== History ==
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Imperialist countries]]
[[Category:European countries]]
<references />
[[Category:Countries targeted by CIA coups]]

Ukraine

2026-01-20T16:47:53Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC:

{{Infobox country|name=Ukraine|native_name=Україна|image_flag=Flag of Ukraine.svg|image_map=Ukraine map disputed.png|map_width=290|map_caption=Territories partially controlled by Russia in light green, recognized as Ukrainian territory by the UN.|official_languages=Ukrainian|demonym=Ukrainian|largest_city=Kyiv|image_coat=Ukrainian coat of arms.svg|capital=Kyiv|government_type=Unitary semi-presidential republic under a [[dictatorship of the bourgeoisie]]|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|leader_title1=President|leader_name1=[[Volodymyr Zelensky]]|leader_title2=Prime Minister|leader_name2=[[Denys Shmyhal]]|leader_title3=Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada|leader_name3=[[Ruslan Stefanchuk]]|area_km2=603,628|population_estimate=33,365,000|population_estimate_year=2024|legislature=Verkhovna Rada|established_event1=Secession from USSR|established_date1=1991 August 24|established_event2=[[Orange Revolution]]|established_date2=22 November 2004|established_event3=[[Euromaidan coup]]|established_date3=2014 February 22}}
'''Ukraine''' is a country in [[Eastern Europe]], the second largest on the continent in terms of area after [[Russian Federation|Russia]]. It borders Russia to the east, [[Republic of Belarus|Belarus]] to the north, [[Republic of Poland|Poland]], [[Slovak Republic|Slovakia]] and [[Hungary]] to the west and [[Romania]], [[Republic of Moldova|Moldova]], and the partially recognised state of [[Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic|Pridnestrovie]] to the southwest. It has previously been part of [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian Empire]] and the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|USSR]] as the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991)|Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]]. Ukraine, together with [[Republic of Belarus|Belarus]] and the leadership of the then [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|RSFSR]] played a central role in the dissolution of the USSR. Modern Ukraine is an [[Imperialism|imperialist]] state that has been fighting a [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]] proxy [[2022 Russo-Ukrainian conflict|war against Russia]] since 2022.

Current [[Socialism|socialist]] and [[Communism|communist]] political parties in Ukraine include the [[Communist Party of Ukraine]] and the [[Union of Communists of Ukraine]].

== History ==

=== Kievan rus ===
{{Main article|Kievan Rus' (880–1240)}}

=== Foreign domination ===
[[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Poland]] and [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]] began annexing parts of what is now Ukraine in the 14th century and completed the annexation in 1569. [[Russian Tsardom|Russia]] and Poland partitioned the region in 1667. In the late 18th century, Russia conquered most of Poland, including Ukraine, while [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] occupied Western Galicia.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=Albert Szymanski|year=1984|title=Human Rights in the Soviet Union|chapter=The European Nationalities in the USSR|page=83–84|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceazdmtb2y3qq27fve5ib3gk7uv2unt6ae2xss74xmfpur7k5uhl5m?filename=Albert%20Szymanski%20-%20Human%20Rights%20in%20the%20Soviet%20Union_%20Including%20Comparisons%20with%20the%20U.S.A.-Zed%20Books%20Ltd.%20%281984%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|isbn=0862320186|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=C597B1232D9EA6B0F3DCB438D7E15A81}}</ref>

=== Russian revolution and civil war ===
In January 1918, Ukraine declared independence, forming the [[Ukrainian National Republic (1917–1920)|Ukrainian National Republic]], and allowed [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German]] and [[Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918)|Austrian]] troops to enter and expel the [[Workers' and Peasants' Red Army|Red Army]]. In 1919 and 1920, there was a civil war between communists, [[White Army|monarchists]], [[Ukrainian Free Territory|anarchists]], nationalists, and invading [[Republic of Poland (1918–1939)|Polish]] forces. A peace treaty in 1921 ceded the western third of Ukraine to Poland, but Polish forces were defeated in the east.<ref name=":02" />

=== Soviet era ===
{{Main article|Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991)}}
The concept of Ukraine has only come into being since the beginning of the Soviet Union, when the Soviet government decided to unite what had previously been nine separate districts in the Russian Empire. The region was named after the term "Ukraina" (ru.: Украина, meaning "land at the edge", "borderlands"). Much of the western part of Ukraine was part of Poland, annexed for the first time into either Russia or Ukraine during the [[Second World War]]. In 1922, the Ukrainian SSR joined the Soviet Union as one of its four original republics.

In 1939, the Soviet Union occupied western Ukraine to prevent it from being invaded by [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi Germany]]. The [[Fascism|fascist]] [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]] fought against the Soviet Union during the war and continued some armed actions until the early 1950s.<ref name=":02" /> Between 10 and 13 million Ukrainians died during the war, and Germany [[Slavery|enslaved]] 2.2–2.5 million more.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Ron Ridenour|newspaper=[[CovertAction Magazine]]|title=Does Iceland Set Benchmark for Peaceful and Politically Engaged People?|date=2022-06-17|url=https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/06/17/does-iceland-set-benchmark-for-peaceful-and-politically-engaged-people/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702055647/https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/06/17/does-iceland-set-benchmark-for-peaceful-and-politically-engaged-people/|archive-date=2022-07-02|retrieved=2023-01-07}}</ref>

[[Crimea]] was incorporated into Ukraine for the first time in 1954, after having been in the [[Russian SFSR]] since the start of the Soviet Union, and having been part of different districts since before even the Tsardom.

=== Transition to capitalism ===
On 24 August 1991, the Ukrainian SSR seceded from the Soviet Union.<ref>{{News citation|date=1991-08-24|title=Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine|newspaper=Verkhnovna Rada of Ukraine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930203430/http://gska2.rada.gov.ua:7777/site/postanova_eng/Rres_Declaration_Independence_rev12.htm|archive-date=2009-09-30}}</ref> After seceding, [[Leonid Kuchma]] and [[Leonid Kravchuk]] began mass privatization programs.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=Evan Reif|newspaper=[[CovertAction Magazine]]|title=What the U.S. Government and The New York Times Have Quietly Agreed Not to Tell You About Ukraine|date=2022-07-29|url=https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/07/29/what-the-u-s-government-and-the-new-york-times-have-quietly-agreed-not-to-tell-you-about-ukraine/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804035237/https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/07/29/what-the-u-s-government-and-the-new-york-times-have-quietly-agreed-not-to-tell-you-about-ukraine/|archive-date=2022-08-04|retrieved=2022-08-06}}</ref> Their neoliberal policies decreased life expectancy by three years, which did not recover until 2010,<ref>{{Citation|author=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division|year=2019|title=World Population Prospects 2019, Online Edition|title-url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/3_Mortality/WPP2019_MORT_F07_1_LIFE_EXPECTANCY_0_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> and poverty increased from 2% in the late 1980s to 63% in the mid-1990s.<ref>{{Citation|author=Branko Milanovic|year=1998|title=Income, Inequality and Poverty during the Transition from Planned to Market Economy|pdf=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321231809/https://www.gc.cuny.edu/CUNY_GC/media/CUNY-Graduate-Center/PDF/Centers/LIS/Milanovic/papers/Income_ineq_poverty_book.pdf|city=Washington, D.C.|publisher=World Bank}}</ref>

The Communist Party of Ukraine won elections in 1994 and 1998, but Kuchma and Kravchuk kept them out of power with support from NATO and [[Boris Yeltsin]]. Kuchma proposed over 6,000 changes to the constitution and threatened to dissolve parliament if the Communist Party did not agree to the changes. Kuchma rigged the 1999 election to stay in power and convinced factions of the CPU to split.<ref name=":0" />

=== Orange Revolution ===
[[Viktor Yushchenko]] won the 2002 presidential election as part of the [[Our Ukraine]] coalition, which included the far-right [[Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists]]. Yushchenko was backed by the [[United States of America|United States]] and wanted Ukraine to join NATO as quickly as possible. Viktor Yanukovych won the 2004 election by a narrow margin. [[Orange Revolution|Protests]] began against Yanukovych, which were supported by oligarchs such as [[Petro Poroshenko]] and [[Yulia Tymoshenko]], and the Ukrainian constitutional court ordered a redo of the election. [[John McCain]], [[Henry Kissinger]], and [[Zbigniew Brzeziński|Zbigniew Brzezinski]] visited Kyiv and supported Yushchenko. Yushchenko won the second round of the election and took power.<ref name=":0" />

=== 2008 financial crisis ===
During the [[Great Recession|2008 financial crisis]], Russia cut gas supplies to Ukraine, unemployment tripled, and many banks failed. Yushchenko's popularity rate dropped to only 5%. Yanukovych and his [[Party of Regions]] won 48% of the vote in 2010, and Yulia Tymoshenko won 45%.<ref name=":0" />

=== 2014 coup d'état ===
[[File:Euromaidan building.png|thumb|Trade union building in Odessa destroyed in the 2014 coup]]
[[File:Ukronazis.png|thumb|[[Neo-Nazism|Neo-Nazis]] in Kyiv]]
In 2014, the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] asked Ukraine to raise taxes and cut social spending. Yanukovych's government refused because the changes could cause hundreds of thousands of people to lose their jobs.<ref name=":0" />

In 2014, the United States of America helped finance and arm the [[2014 Ukrainian coup d'etat|Euromaidan coup d'état]] to overthrow the government of Ukraine, because of its allegiance to Russia. As a result there has been a subsequent rise of [[Neo-Nazism|Nazism]] in Ukraine, especially in the government of Ukraine, two regions ([[Donetsk People's Republic|Donetsk]] and [[Luhansk People's Republic|Luhansk]]) have seceded to form their own governments, and Crimea has voted to rejoin the Russian Federation. After the coup, the Ukrainian government banned communist symbols, and anyone who sings the [[State Anthem of the Soviet Union|anthem of the USSR]] may be sent to prison for up to five years.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Alec Luhn|date=2015-05-21|title=Ukraine bans Soviet symbols and criminalises sympathy for communism|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/21/ukraine-bans-soviet-symbols-criminalises-sympathy-for-communism|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=2012-12-30}}</ref> The coup led to reduced social spending in Ukraine and increase of over 400% in the military budget.<ref>{{Web citation|author=John Ross|newspaper=[[Tricontinental]]|title=The United States Is Waging a New Cold War: A Socialist Perspective|date=2022-09-13|url=https://thetricontinental.org/the-united-states-is-waging-a-new-cold-war-a-socialist-perspective/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104225555/https://thetricontinental.org/the-united-states-is-waging-a-new-cold-war-a-socialist-perspective/|archive-date=2022-11-04|retrieved=2022-11-19}}</ref>

=== 2022 Russo-Ukrainian conflict ===
{{Main article|2022 Russo-Ukrainian conflict}}
In 2022, Ukraine banned the Communist Party of Ukraine and ordered the seizure of its funds and assets.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=[[In Defense of Communism]]|title=Ukraine court confirms ban on the Communist Party, orders its property's seizure|date=2022-07-06|url=http://www.idcommunism.com/2022/07/ukraine-court-confirms-ban-on-communist-party-orders-its-property-seizure.html|retrieved=2022-07-06}}</ref> In September 2022, the Donetsk and Lugansk regions and the Ukrainian oblasts of Kherson and Zaporozhye voted to join [[Russian Federation|Russia]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Wayne Cristaudo|newspaper=The Postil Magazine|title=The Narrative of Sham Elections|date=2022-11-01|url=https://www.thepostil.com/the-narrative-of-sham-elections/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117121827/https://www.thepostil.com/the-narrative-of-sham-elections/|archive-date=2022-11-17|retrieved=2022-12-01}}</ref>

Despite the massive western propaganda, the defences of Ukraine are starting to crumble.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Joshua Keating|newspaper=Vox|title=Are Ukraine’s defenses starting to crumble?|date=2024-02-22|url=https://www.vox.com/2024/2/22/24079595/avdiivka-ukraine-russia-war-artillery|retrieved=2024-03-16}}</ref> The average age of an Ukrainian soldier is over 40 years old as of November 2023.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Erin Snodgrass|newspaper=Business Insider|title=The average age of Ukrainian soldier is older than 40 as the country grapples with personnel problems|date=2023-11-07|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/average-age-ukrainian-soldier-43-amid-personnel-problems-2023-11|retrieved=2024-03-24}}</ref>

the Ukrainian government engages in kidnapping-esque forced conscription.<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fL-VmNRy0i4|channel=Videos from Mariupol|title=TERROR OF UKRAINIAN CONSCRIPTION|date=Mar 13, 2025}}</ref>

== Foreign relations ==
From the genesis of the new Ukrainian state in 1991 to 2014, the government of Ukraine held a relatively neutral status.

From the coup in 2014 to the present, the government in Ukraine has been within NATO's sphere of influence.

=== Biological weapons research ===
In 2005, Ukraine signed an agreement for the [[United States Department of Defense|USA Department of Defense]] to control various biological research facilities in Ukraine.<ref>{{News citation|title=AGREEMENT between the DoD and the Ministry of Health of Ukraine|url=https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/05-829-Ukraine-Weapons.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303132406/https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/05-829-Ukraine-Weapons.pdf}}</ref> Since then the USA's military has opened 26 biological research facilities in Ukraine.<ref>{{News citation|date=08-Mar-2022|title=China urges U.S. to disclose more details about biolabs in Ukraine|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-03-08/China-urges-U-S-to-disclose-details-about-biolabs-in-Ukraine-18eA7VpwQRG/index.html|newspaper=CGTN}}</ref><ref>{{News citation|author=[[Regis Tremblay]] and [[Vladimir Kozin]]|newspaper=[[Regis Tremblay]]|title=Russia Demands Answers on US Biolabs in Ukraine - The Narrative is Crumbling|date=2022-06-14|url=https://youtu.be/p1mbjqoVkTA}}</ref>

The Security Service of Ukraine denied the existence of such research facilities in 2020<ref>{{News citation|date=May 8, 2020|title=SBU: No US biological laboratories in Ukraine|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/sbu-no-us-biological-laboratories-in-ukraine.html}}</ref>, before their existence being later confirmed by USA Under Secretary [[Victoria Nuland]].<ref>{{News citation|date=09-Mar-2022|title=U.S. acknowledges existence of bio research facilities in Ukraine|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-03-09/U-S-acknowledges-existence-of-bio-research-facilities-in-Ukraine-18gyZt3PWww/index.html|newspaper=CGTN}}</ref>

== Soviet nostalgia ==
{{Main article|Communist nostalgia}}
Despite the anti-communist laws, many people say life was better under socialism. Only 30% of Ukrainian's supported the change to a multiparty system and less than a quarter believe that the dissolution of the Soviet Union was good for Ukraine.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Neli Esipova, Julie Ray|date=2013-12-19|title=Former Soviet Countries See More Harm From Breakup|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/166538/former-soviet-countries-harm-breakup.aspx|newspaper=Gallup|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=2021-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|author=|year=2009|title=End of Communism Cheered but Now with More Reservations|chapter=|section=|page=|quote=|pdf=|city=|publisher=|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2009/11/02/end-of-communism-cheered-but-now-with-more-reservations/|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> Ukrainian communist leaders have been arrested and are likely to be executed by the anti-communist Kiev regime.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=C. J. Atkins|date=2022-03-07|title=Ukrainian Communist youth leaders arrested by government, reportedly targeted for death|url=https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/ukrainian-communist-youth-leaders-reportedly-arrested-by-government-targeted-for-death/|newspaper=[[People's World]]}}</ref>

== History ==
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Imperialist countries]]
[[Category:European countries]]
<references />
[[Category:Countries targeted by CIA coups]]

Essay:Femboys and the structure of gender

2026-01-12T14:41:24Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: added a lil footnote

{{Infobox essay|title=Femboys and the structure of gender|author=Local Gay Communist - LGC|date=2025-10-17|excerpt=This paper discusses gender and it’s interactions, internal mechanisms and development through a dialectical-materialist lens, and is to be treated as a piece denoting a framework which must be developed upon collectively to further our understanding of gender and it’s interplay with society.|image=Femboys_and_the_structure_of_gender_cover.jpeg}}

An early attempt at creating dialectical material on the nature of gender and how it is structured, using the example of the antagonistic contradiction between femboys and transgender identity

Author: LGC
= Foreword =
This paper discusses gender and it’s interactions, internal mechanisms and development through a dialectical-materialist lens, and is to be treated as a piece denoting a framework which must be developed upon collectively to further our understanding of gender and it’s interplay with society.

The author views queer liberation as an integral tendency of class struggle and proletarian emancipation and anyone who disagrees is free to get pissy about it, the author really couldn’t care less.

(this is intentionally left blank so other writers can maybe learn a thing or two about keeping forewords short, thank you, please enjoy the paper)

= Chapter 1: the primary aspects of gender =
To understand gender in a manner which resolves all the contradictions imposed by a liberal analysis, one must break apart gender, into it’s two basic fields: the primary aspects; and the secondary aspects. Within this framework, the primary aspects of gender are what constitute the fundamental understanding of the self on a sub-societal level. In practice, this is the “feeling” of a gender, the innate property within us all which dictates who we identify as, as of yet it is unknown what constitutes this aspect concretely, but it is for now safe to assume it is neuroanatomical, due to the connections drawn to neuroanatomy by some of the primary aspects of gender such as biochemical dysphoria<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=genderdysphoria.fyi|title=Biochemical Dysphoria|url=https://genderdysphoria.fyi/en/biochemical-dysphoria}}</ref>.

But what are the primary aspects of gender? We can safely conclude that the primary aspects of gender include all gendered aspects which aren’t socially imposed, notably, this disqualifies primary sex markers due to the uniquely variable nature of their connected gender dysphoria in trans people, that is, the desired treatments for trans people is not universally bottom surgery, per a 2021 study conducted by Bita Tristani-Firouzi, Jacob Veith, Andrew Simpson, Kelly Hoerger, Andy Rivera and Cori A Agarwal, many trans people do not actively desire bottom surgery. Among trans women the amount of people who desire bottom surgery is ~87%, among trans men it's ~54%, among afab non-binary people it's ~28%, among amab non-binary people, 64%<ref>{{Citation|author=Bita Tristani-Firouzi, Jacob Veith, Andrew Simpson, Kelly Hoerger, Andy Rivera, Cori A Agarwal|year=2021|title=Preferences for and barriers to gender affirming surgeries in transgender and non-binary individuals|title-url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9621289/}}</ref>. Furthermore, a majority of trans people never get gender affirming surgery, in the 2019 study “Demographic and temporal trends in transgender identities and gender confirming surgery”, Ian T Nolan, Christopher J Kuhner and Geolani W Dy find that only an estimated 25-35% of trans and non-binary people in the US get GCS (Gender Confirming Surgery) which include: Hysterectomy, Phalloplasty, Metoidioplasty and Chest/breast surgery<ref>{{Citation|author=Ian T Nolan, Christopher J Kuhner, Geolani W Dy|year=2019|title=Demographic and temporal trends in transgender identities and gender confirming surgery|title-url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6626314/}}</ref>

Furthermore, per a meta analysis entitled “Do hormones and surgery improve the health of adults with gender incongruence? A systematic review of patient reported outcomes” authored by Kelsey Ireland, Madeleine Hughes and Nicola R Dean, “For hormone treatment, gender dysphoria was found to improve significantly in the three prospective studies that met criteria. Surgery also resulted in improvement in gender dysphoria, specifically mastectomy and facial feminization surgery. [...]”<ref>{{Citation|author=Kelsey Ireland, Madeleine Hughes, Nicola R Dean|year=2025|title=Do hormones and surgery improve the health of adults with gender incongruence? A systematic review of patient reported outcomes|title-url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12105570/}}</ref> This emphasis on mastectomy (top surgery for ftm individuals) and facial feminization surgery indicate that bottom surgery could be a more socially influenced choice than other forms of transition (most notably hrt).

Here we see the contradiction present in the primary aspects of gender, we see the thesis: the neuroanatomical patterns which define how we see ourselves and what hormone balance we crave (I.e the gender identity) and a set of bodily features associate with them (I.e the biological sex), within trans people, this contradiction is antagonistic, resulting either in the victory of the gender identity (transition) or the victory of the biological sex (not transitioning) Concretely, the gender identity contradicts the biological sex in such a fashion that one has to either suppress the gender identity or embrace it. The nature of being trans is in the fact that to embrace ones gender identity is to transition, thereby gaining new understanding of gender and the self.

= Chapter 2: the secondary aspects of gender =
Within the framework used in this paper, the secondary aspects of gender are those aspects which are socially imposed, commonly referred to as “gender expression”, “gender roles” and etc.

To understand the contradiction present in the secondary aspects of gender, we must understand their relation to the primary aspects of gender, we have understood that the primary aspects of gender are a contradiction between the gender Identity and the biological sex, but we must understand the secondary aspects of gender as a contradiction between the social expectations of accepted genders and the personal will of the gendered individual (the gendered individual being a person who experiences gender)

To understand this contradiction we must understand it’s components. The accepted genders are the set of gender identities which are viewed as “normative” by society, within the west, this is largely the binary “male” and “female”. Note how this leaves non-binary people largely out of the equation. The personal will of the gendered individual is a bit more interesting, as this is notably not inherently a reflection of the individuals gender identity, but rather their socially informed personal desire to express themselves, when in contradiction with the social expectations of their gender identity (given the lack of embracing their gender identity) this can cause dysphoria, I.e people who have not embraced their gender identity can get dysphoria from abiding by the gender expression of another gender identity.

== Chapter 2.2: How do gender queer people fit into this? ==
We can understand that gender queer people, having embraced their gender identity, create a new and creative synthesis of the Socially expected gender expression and their personal desire. This allows a solving of the contradiction without abiding to societal norms, such a synthesis often includes the prominent subversion of liberal expectations of biological sex, for instance, the fusion of facial hair and make-up or the wearing of feminine clothes on a “male” body.

It is however notable that such expression is often found in trans individuals, whether or not they are gender queer stems from their own understanding of themselves, and this should be respected.

== Chapter 2.3 Sexuality as a Secondary aspect of gender ==
Some trans people report a “change in sexuality” post transition, this could be an instance of sexuality behaving as a secondary aspect of gender, either in the sense that the previously inhabited biological sex repressed their true sexuality due to societal pressure, or that the newly inhabited biological sex abides by the socially expected sexuality, in order to attempt to resolve the contradiction between societal expectations of sexuality and individual sexual preference.

It is also possible that pre-transition trans people abide by a queer sexuality in order to reconcile their identification with queer experiences without acknowledging their trans identity<ref>{{Citation|author=Matthias K Auer, Johannes Fuss, Nina Höhne, Günter K Stalla, Caroline Sievers|year=2014|title=Transgender Transitioning and Change of Self-Reported Sexual Orientation|title-url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4192544/}}</ref>

= Chapter 3: the femboy dissection =
Now we come to a particularly interesting phenomenon: the femboy. The femboy is in this paper, someone who self identifies with the label femboy as if it were a gender, not people who identify with it as a sub-category of their gender-queer expression<ref>although there is criticism to be made of the cishetnormative etymology of the phrase "femboy" as a whole, but that's beyond the scope of this paper.</ref>. So, what is a femboy? A femboy is a feminine presenting man/boy who identifies with the term “femboy”, they often exhibit femininity through the shaving of body hair, adopting stereotypical feminine attire (I.e maid outfits, striped thigh-high socks, dresses, dolphin shorts, pink hoodies, etc.) and by exhibiting sexually submissive behaviors. Leaving aside the problematic definition of “femininity”, these are notably all secondary aspects of gender, stylistic and/or behavioral features, not assignable to the concept of gender identity as laid out. Despite this, femboys identify as femboys as if it were a gender identity, they embrace it not through transition of any sort (despite many of them claiming the trans label) but through the adoption of western, white, stereotypically female gender roles and expressions, adopting a hyper-sexual objectification of the self.

But why? Let us examine the contradictions once more: we see the primary gender contradiction between gender identity and biological sex, this is not inhabited by femboys, the secondary contradiction however, is inhabited by femboys, the contradiction between the socially accepted gender of “male” and the feminine will of the individual. Femboys, unlike gender-queer people, do not creatively synthesize a new gender expression, but rather view the contradiction as antagonistic, and attempt to invent a new socially accepted gender, despite the lack of the primary contradiction, to make up for this, they supplant the the gender identity with gender expression, thereby sharpening cis-normative conceptions of gender & sex, to justify their own existence therefor, they must uphold traditionalist, cis-normative conceptions of gender.

== Chapter 3.2: the contradiction between cis-normativity and gender diversity ==
This exposes a deeper contradiction yet to be touched on by this paper: the contradiction between cis-normative frameworks of understanding gender and the more accurate understanding of gender diversity.

We see through the femboy, an attempt to resolve the antagonistic contradiction between cis-normativity and gender diversity by the creation of and affirming of the petty gender: the petty gender is a gender constructed without a gender identity, I.e one in which the only material thing is the expression of itself. Such a gender necessarily acts in the affirmative of the cis-normative framework by reinforcing the denial of the gender identity and the affirmation of the idea of gender as a performance, an idealist conception which necessarily makes renders all trans identity invalid due to it’s assertion of the non-existence of an inert gender identity.

== Chapter 3.3: The damage caused by the femboy identity ==
It is vital to this notion that we understand the damage caused by the femboy identity, as a perversion of gender diversity it has brought about a wave of obscuring the reality of gender especially online, where people now float ideas of the femboy gender and the nature of gender as a performance. This is to be understood as a subversion of correct understandings of gender and ultimately regressive to the community as a whole.

== Chapter 3.4: Why do people end up identifying as femboys? ==
This is a particularly interesting question, as, given the obvious absurdity of the claim of femboys being a gender, why do some non-the-less still identify as femboys?

Well, this can be attributed to many factors such as the attempt to resolve the gender contradiction as a non-binary person or a trans person without a proper framework of understanding, or as an attempt to side-step identifying as trans. There are also those who identify as femboys due to their attempt to reconcile their individual desire for gender expression with their socially accepted gender, I.e as a byproduct of the very cis-normative structures it reinforces.

= Conclusion =
In conclusion we now understand the nature of gender as being constituted of two parts: the primary aspects and the secondary aspects. We also understand their inherent contradictions and their resolutions. Namely the contradiction between Gender identity and biological sex, resolved through the embracing of the gender identity or the victory of the biological sex for the primary aspects of gender; and the contradiction between the socially accepted gender expressions and the will of the gendered individual, resolved through the abiding by the socially accepted gender expressions or the creative synthesis of new gender expressions as most often seen in gender-queer individuals for the secondary aspects of gender.

We now have a framework from which to analyze gender and it’s interactions with society and the individual and how cis-normativity and gender diversity contradict each other in an antagonistic fashion. We understand the Femboy petty-gender and it’s implications, it’s base in cis-normative society and it’s internal mechanisms and how they contradict gender diversity and trans identity.

We must use this framework and develop it and further it to perform dialectical analysis of gender and identity in the future to gain a better understanding of ourselves and those around us.
<references />
[[Category:Essays]]
[[Category:Essays by Local Gay Communist - LGC]]
[[Category:LGBT+ topics (essays)]]
[[Category:On gender (by LGC)]]

BadEmpanada

2026-01-06T19:06:08Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: updated citation 10 as the previous link was broken

{{Infobox youtuber
|name=BadEmpanada
|image=BadEmpanada.jpg
|image_size=200
|nationality=[[Argentine Republic|Argentine]] [[Australia|Australian]]
|associated_acts=[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjY9R3_6sxfUViabj93Vnhw BadEmpanada Live] [https://www.youtube.com/@Georsj/featured Georsh]
|Ideology=[[Ultra-leftism]] [[Marxism]] [[Imperialism]]
|birth_name=
|views=17,472,006
|subscribers=207,000
|years_active=2019–present
|channel_website=[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUzmizB92LJ9oxf5T_snZNA BadEmpanada]
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'''BadEmpanada''' is an [[Australia|Australian]]-[[Argentine Republic|Argentine]] [[YouTube|YouTuber]] and imperialist apologist. He makes long-form video essays about [[history]], [[settler colonialism]], [[imperialism]], [[Latin America|Latin American]] politics, and other topics<ref>{{Web citation|author=BadEmpanada|newspaper=[[YouTube]]|title=About|date=2019-01-17|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUzmizB92LJ9oxf5T_snZNA/about|retrieved=2023-01-01}}</ref> from a [[Communism|communist]] perspective. BadEmpanada also has a [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjY9R3_6sxfUViabj93Vnhw stream clips channel] and an inactive [https://www.youtube.com/@Georsj/featured Spanish language channel].

Since 2021, BadEmpanada has been on the receiving end of a [[Zionism|Zionist]] [[doxxing]], [[harassment]], and [[defamation]] campaign for his opposition to the [[State of Israel]] and his pro-[[State of Palestine|Palestinian]] [[Internet activism|online activism]].<ref>For a detailed discussion, see BadEmpanada (2022-07-21).: [https://youtu.be/hWUt1OByfKc "How a Zionist Defamed Me, How 'Leftist' Creators Helped Her Do It, and Why It Will Happen Again"]. ''YouTube''. Retrieved 2025-04-19.</ref>

== Political views ==

=== Holodomor genocide question ===
BadEmpanada argues that the [[Holodomor]], while certainly a major catastrophe for which the [[Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Soviet government]] (led by [[Joseph Stalin]]) deserves a great deal of blame, was not a [[genocide]] orchestrated with the intent to murder [[Ukrainians]]; but rather a failure of government policy. He further contends that [[Holodomor genocide question|the pro-genocide thesis]] in [[Western education|Western academia]] was "an attempt to affirm a process of [[Ukrainian nationalism|[Ukrainian] nationalist]] and [[Anti-Sovietism|anti-Soviet]] [[National myth|myth]]-making rather than simple, honest research", highlighting how its early proponents in the 1980s were directly funded by Ukrainian nationalist groups, how the notion of "[[Double genocide theory|double genocide]]" is used to legitimise historic [[Collaboration with Nazi Germany#Eastern Europe|collaboration with the Nazis]], and how the current [[Government of Ukraine|Ukrainian government]] is lobbying for the Holodomor's recognition as a genocide internationally.<ref>BadEmpanada (2022-04-26).: [https://youtu.be/3kaaYvauNho "The Holodomor Genocide Question: How Wikipedia Lies to You"]. ''YouTube''. Retrieved 2025-11-02.</ref>

== Criticism ==

=== Criticism of AES ===
BadEmpanada blindly criticizes successful [[Actually Existing Socialism|AES]] experiments such as [[People's Republic of China|China]] calling it "[[Capitalism|capitalist]]", "[[Imperialism|imperialist]]" and "communist in name only."<ref name=":1">{{YouTube citation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gpTL_nz0qsw&t=449s|channel=BadEmpanada 2|title=Let's Read Michael Parenti on Dengist China|date=2021-06-22}}</ref> While also taking a nuanced position on the Uyghur Question in Xinjiang, He calls the dormitories of Uyghur students "suspicious" and even though he highlights the BBC as a propaganda outlet for the west, he still calls BBC footage of a supposed tour around a Uyghur training centers "a real tour of these purported camps." He also calls people who call out the debunked lies of Western imperialist propaganda <ref>Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. (2022, March 22). ''Final communiqué of the forty-eighth session of the Council of Foreign Ministers on "Partnering for Unity, Justice, and Development"'' (No. CFM-48/2022/COM). <nowiki>https://www.oic-oci.org/docdown/?docID=4447&refID=1250</nowiki></ref><ref>World Bank. (2019, November 11). ''World Bank statement on review of project in Xinjiang, China''. <nowiki>https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/statement/2019/11/11/world-bank-statement-on-review-of-project-in-xinjiang-china</nowiki></ref><ref>United Nations General Assembly. (2019, July 8). ''Joint letter of the Special Rapporteur on the right to education; the Special Rapporteur on the right to privacy; the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance; the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief; and the Special Rapporteur on minority issues'' (No. A/HRC/41/G/17). <nowiki>https://undocs.org/pdf?symbol=en/A/HRC/41/G/17</nowiki></ref>a "new breed of grifters"<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cz9ICFDk8Js|channel=BadEmpanada|title=Cutting Through the BS on Xinjiang: Uyghur Genocide or Vocational Training?|date=2021, April 6}}</ref>

=== Pro-Western imperialist talking points ===
In 2024, BadEmpanada opposed the democratically elected anti-imperialist government of [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela|Venezuela]], siding with the [[Zionism|Zionist]]<ref>https://xcancel.com/MariaCorinaYA/status/1129486995691069440</ref> opposition and calling the Martyr Maduro a "generic national capitalist"<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-vtCFVNa_Y|channel=Bademapanda|title=Maduro 'Wins' Venezuelan Election, Only Brainless Internet Children Believe It|date=Aug 5, 2024}}</ref> He also chose to support the 2024 [[color revolution]]<ref>https://korybko.substack.com/p/bangladesh-has-descended-into-the</ref> in [[People's Republic of Bangladesh|Bangladesh]].<ref>https://yt.artemislena.eu/watch?v=suWO2eIbjyA</ref> His video criticizing [[The Grayzone]] has earned the approval of notorious anti-communist and [[Bellingcat]]-founder Eliot Higgins.<ref>https://xcancel.com/RodericDay/status/1291421283998203912#m</ref>

=== '''Transphobia''' ===
In August of 2025, he made [[Transphobia|transphobic]] insults against a tweet based on their identity and vulnerability instead of their opinions, saying he was "open" to the idea that being trans is "mostly a way to claim a marginalized identity to hide behind" of which he deleted shortly after.<ref>''R/youtubedrama on reddit: A bit old but here’s Bad Empanada being transphobic''. Reddit. (2025). <nowiki>https://www.reddit.com/r/youtubedrama/comments/1n7x2vg/a_bit_old_but_heres_bad_empanada_being_transphobic/</nowiki></ref>

=== Climate Doomerism ===
Badempanada's videos on Climate change promote doomerist rhetoric and defeatist attitudes around the topic.<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://youtu.be/0KQYNtPl7V4|channel=Badempanada|title=No, Kurzgesagt, We WON'T Fix Climate Change - The Danger of Fake Optimism (Prolewiki warning: It is advised to not watch this video if you are suffering from mental illness)|date=May 29, 2022}}</ref>

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUzmizB92LJ9oxf5T_snZNA YouTube]
*[https://www.instagram.com/BadEmpanada/ Instagram]
*[https://www.twitch.tv/badempanada Twitch]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Communist YouTube channels]]
[[Category:BreadTube]]

BadEmpanada

2026-01-06T19:00:45Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: added about climate doomerism

{{Infobox youtuber
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|image=BadEmpanada.jpg
|image_size=200
|nationality=[[Argentine Republic|Argentine]] [[Australia|Australian]]
|associated_acts=[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjY9R3_6sxfUViabj93Vnhw BadEmpanada Live] [https://www.youtube.com/@Georsj/featured Georsh]
|Ideology=[[Ultra-leftism]] [[Marxism]] [[Imperialism]]
|birth_name=
|views=17,472,006
|subscribers=207,000
|years_active=2019–present
|channel_website=[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUzmizB92LJ9oxf5T_snZNA BadEmpanada]
|stats_update=2025-09-29}}

'''BadEmpanada''' is an [[Australia|Australian]]-[[Argentine Republic|Argentine]] [[YouTube|YouTuber]] and imperialist apologist. He makes long-form video essays about [[history]], [[settler colonialism]], [[imperialism]], [[Latin America|Latin American]] politics, and other topics<ref>{{Web citation|author=BadEmpanada|newspaper=[[YouTube]]|title=About|date=2019-01-17|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUzmizB92LJ9oxf5T_snZNA/about|retrieved=2023-01-01}}</ref> from a [[Communism|communist]] perspective. BadEmpanada also has a [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjY9R3_6sxfUViabj93Vnhw stream clips channel] and an inactive [https://www.youtube.com/@Georsj/featured Spanish language channel].

Since 2021, BadEmpanada has been on the receiving end of a [[Zionism|Zionist]] [[doxxing]], [[harassment]], and [[defamation]] campaign for his opposition to the [[State of Israel]] and his pro-[[State of Palestine|Palestinian]] [[Internet activism|online activism]].<ref>For a detailed discussion, see BadEmpanada (2022-07-21).: [https://youtu.be/hWUt1OByfKc "How a Zionist Defamed Me, How 'Leftist' Creators Helped Her Do It, and Why It Will Happen Again"]. ''YouTube''. Retrieved 2025-04-19.</ref>

== Political views ==

=== Holodomor genocide question ===
BadEmpanada argues that the [[Holodomor]], while certainly a major catastrophe for which the [[Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Soviet government]] (led by [[Joseph Stalin]]) deserves a great deal of blame, was not a [[genocide]] orchestrated with the intent to murder [[Ukrainians]]; but rather a failure of government policy. He further contends that [[Holodomor genocide question|the pro-genocide thesis]] in [[Western education|Western academia]] was "an attempt to affirm a process of [[Ukrainian nationalism|[Ukrainian] nationalist]] and [[Anti-Sovietism|anti-Soviet]] [[National myth|myth]]-making rather than simple, honest research", highlighting how its early proponents in the 1980s were directly funded by Ukrainian nationalist groups, how the notion of "[[Double genocide theory|double genocide]]" is used to legitimise historic [[Collaboration with Nazi Germany#Eastern Europe|collaboration with the Nazis]], and how the current [[Government of Ukraine|Ukrainian government]] is lobbying for the Holodomor's recognition as a genocide internationally.<ref>BadEmpanada (2022-04-26).: [https://youtu.be/3kaaYvauNho "The Holodomor Genocide Question: How Wikipedia Lies to You"]. ''YouTube''. Retrieved 2025-11-02.</ref>

== Criticism ==

=== Criticism of AES ===
BadEmpanada blindly criticizes successful [[Actually Existing Socialism|AES]] experiments such as [[People's Republic of China|China]] calling it "[[Capitalism|capitalist]]", "[[Imperialism|imperialist]]" and "communist in name only."<ref name=":1">{{YouTube citation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gpTL_nz0qsw&t=449s|channel=BadEmpanada 2|title=Let's Read Michael Parenti on Dengist China|date=2021-06-22}}</ref> While also taking a nuanced position on the Uyghur Question in Xinjiang, He calls the dormitories of Uyghur students "suspicious" and even though he highlights the BBC as a propaganda outlet for the west, he still calls BBC footage of a supposed tour around a Uyghur training centers "a real tour of these purported camps." He also calls people who call out the debunked lies of Western imperialist propaganda <ref>Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. (2022, March 22). ''Final communiqué of the forty-eighth session of the Council of Foreign Ministers on "Partnering for Unity, Justice, and Development"'' (No. CFM-48/2022/COM). <nowiki>https://www.oic-oci.org/docdown/?docID=4447&refID=1250</nowiki></ref><ref>World Bank. (2019, November 11). ''World Bank statement on review of project in Xinjiang, China''. <nowiki>https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/statement/2019/11/11/world-bank-statement-on-review-of-project-in-xinjiang-china</nowiki></ref><ref>United Nations General Assembly. (2019, July 8). ''Joint letter of the Special Rapporteur on the right to education; the Special Rapporteur on the right to privacy; the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance; the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief; and the Special Rapporteur on minority issues'' (No. A/HRC/41/G/17). <nowiki>https://undocs.org/pdf?symbol=en/A/HRC/41/G/17</nowiki></ref>a "new breed of grifters"<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cz9ICFDk8Js|channel=BadEmpanada|title=Cutting Through the BS on Xinjiang: Uyghur Genocide or Vocational Training?|date=2021, April 6}}</ref>

=== Pro-Western imperialist talking points ===
In 2024, BadEmpanada opposed the democratically elected anti-imperialist government of [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela|Venezuela]], siding with the [[Zionism|Zionist]]<ref>https://xcancel.com/MariaCorinaYA/status/1129486995691069440</ref> opposition instead (despite previous opposition to Zionism).<ref>https://yt.artemislena.eu/watch?v=1-vtCFVNa_Y</ref> He also chose to support the 2024 [[color revolution]]<ref>https://korybko.substack.com/p/bangladesh-has-descended-into-the</ref> in [[People's Republic of Bangladesh|Bangladesh]].<ref>https://yt.artemislena.eu/watch?v=suWO2eIbjyA</ref> His video criticizing [[The Grayzone]] has earned the approval of notorious anti-communist and [[Bellingcat]]-founder Eliot Higgins.<ref>https://xcancel.com/RodericDay/status/1291421283998203912#m</ref>

=== '''Transphobia''' ===
In August of 2025, he made [[Transphobia|transphobic]] insults against a tweet based on their identity and vulnerability instead of their opinions, saying he was "open" to the idea that being trans is "mostly a way to claim a marginalized identity to hide behind" of which he deleted shortly after.<ref>''R/youtubedrama on reddit: A bit old but here’s Bad Empanada being transphobic''. Reddit. (2025). <nowiki>https://www.reddit.com/r/youtubedrama/comments/1n7x2vg/a_bit_old_but_heres_bad_empanada_being_transphobic/</nowiki></ref>

=== Climate Doomerism ===
Badempanada's videos on Climate change promote doomerist rhetoric and defeatist attitudes around the topic.<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://youtu.be/0KQYNtPl7V4|channel=Badempanada|title=No, Kurzgesagt, We WON'T Fix Climate Change - The Danger of Fake Optimism (Prolewiki warning: It is advised to not watch this video if you are suffering from mental illness)|date=May 29, 2022}}</ref>

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUzmizB92LJ9oxf5T_snZNA YouTube]
*[https://www.instagram.com/BadEmpanada/ Instagram]
*[https://www.twitch.tv/badempanada Twitch]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Communist YouTube channels]]
[[Category:BreadTube]]

Ted Kaczynski

2025-12-17T20:00:44Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC:

{{Infobox person|name=Ted Kaczynski|birth_date=May 22, 1942|birth_place=[[Chicago]], [[State of Illinois|Illinois]], [[United States of America|United States]]|nationality=Statesian|image=Ted Kaczynski Mugshot.jpg|death_date=June 10, 2023 (aged 81)|death_place=[[Federal Medical Center, Butner|FMC, Butner]], [[State of North Carolina|North Carolina]], United States}}

'''Theodore John Kaczynski''' (May 22, 1942 – June 10, 2023), also known as the '''Unabomber''', was a [[Statesian]] [[Primitivism|primitivist]] and [[Fascism|eco-fascist]] and serial bomber, known for mailing/delivering 16 bombs over a duration of almost 17 years, killing 3 people and injuring 23 more. His targets included scientists, engineers, industrialists, lobbyists, and airlines; people and institutions he felt were furthering technological progress to the detriment of society.<ref>{{Web citation|date=2023-06-09|title=Ted Kaczynski, known as the Unabomber for years of attacks that killed 3, dies in prison at 81|url=https://apnews.com/article/ted-kaczynski-unabomber-dies-federal-prison-95fdd4f398fbfe20aaadf5d53a91dc26|newspaper=The Associated Press|retrieved=2023-06-10|author=Micheal Balsamo and Lindsay Whitehearst}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaczynski, Ted}}
[[Category:Articles with unsourced statements]]
[[Category:Statesians of Polish descent]]
[[Category:Reactionaries]]
[[Category:MKUltra victims]]

Feminism

2025-12-16T18:06:12Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC:

'''Feminism''' is a movement to combat and abolish the Patriarchy to achieve gender equality. It opposes [[patriarchy]], [[misogyny]], and [[sexism]]. It can be divided into [[bourgeois feminism]], which focuses solely on gender, and [[proletarian feminism]], which sees women's oppression as rooted in [[class society]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Jodi Dean|newspaper=[[Liberation School]]|title=Alexandra Kollontai (pt. 1): The struggle for proletarian feminism and for women in the party|date=2020-08-14|url=https://www.liberationschool.org/kollontai-socialism-and-feminism-part-one/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129012200/https://www.liberationschool.org/kollontai-socialism-and-feminism-part-one/|archive-date=2022-11-29|retrieved=2023-01-14}}</ref>

== First Wave ==
The First Wave of feminism lasted from the late 19th century to early 20th century. First wave feminists struggled for women's suffrage, equality of inheritance, and equal property rights. This stage was mostly organized by [[Bourgeoisie|bourgeois]] women but also included some radical feminists.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=Debunking the right-wing: Misogyny and feminism|date=2021-04-22|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/debunking-the-right-wing-misogyny-and-feminism-faed777fa9b3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422012714/https://linestruggle.medium.com/debunking-the-right-wing-misogyny-and-feminism-faed777fa9b3|archive-date=2021-04-22|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref>

== Second Wave ==
The Second Wave of feminism lasted from the 1960s to the 1980s and was more radical and [[Proletariat|proletarian]] than the First Wave. It focused on workplace rights, sexuality, reproductive rights, and sexual violence.<ref name=":0" />

== Third Wave ==
The Third Wave of feminism began in the 1990s. It included the [[LGBT+]] community and criticized earlier waves for being too Eurocentric. Some say that a Fourth Wave began in the 2010s, and others say that the Third Wave has continued until the present.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
[[Category:Feminism]]

New York City

2025-12-11T15:25:19Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: changed the Eric Adams bit to the past tense

'''New York''' (Lenape: ''Manaháhtaan'', lit. "the place where wood is gathered to make bows"), often called '''New York City''' ('''NYC''') to distinguish it from the [[State of New York]], is the most populous city in the [[United States of America]]. The city is a center for worldwide banking and finance, and is typically regarded as the headquarters for the U.S. financial industry, metonymically known as ''[[Wall Street]]''.

As of 2022, New York City was home to the highest number of billionaires of any city in the world at 107. Media mogul turned politician [[Michael Bloomberg]], founder of [[Bloomberg]], is the wealthiest individual in New York City, with a net worth of more than $82 billion.<ref>Archana Kabra. [https://www.thetealmango.com/featured/richest-cities-in-the-world/ “Top 10 Richest Cities in the World with Most Billionaires”] The Teal Mango. June 15, 2022.</ref> He was also mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013, and was a candidate for the 2020 Democratic nomination for [[President of the United States]].

The original World Trade Center (WTC) was a large complex of seven buildings, including the Twin Towers, in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It opened on April 4, 1973, and was destroyed in 2001 during the [[September 11 attacks]].

The [[Stonewall rebellion|Stonewall]] uprising was a series of spontaneous protests by members of the [[LGBT+]] community in response to a police raid that began in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan in New York City. The rebellion erupted after a [[police]] raid on the Stonewall Inn.<ref>Wood, Preston. [https://www.liberationschool.org/05-06-01-the-1969-stonewall-rebellion-les-html/ “The 1969 Stonewall Rebellion and Lessons for Today.”] Liberation School. June 2005. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220122043907/https://www.liberationschool.org/05-06-01-the-1969-stonewall-rebellion-les-html/ Archived] 2022-01-22.</ref>

== Homelessness ==
The number of [[Homelessness|homeless]] people murdered in New York City rose by 300% from 2018 to 2021.

In 2022, following the end of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID]] eviction moratorium, [[Landlord|landlords]] evicted over 100,000 families while keeping many available homes empty. In December 2022, 68,884 people, including 21,805 children, had to sleep in homeless shelters. 58% of people in New York's homeless shelters are Black and 31% are [[Aztlán|Latino]]. During his reign, Mayor [[Eric Adams]] funded the police to attack homeless people and cut the budget of the Department of Homeless Services by 20%.<ref>{{Web citation|date=2023-05-05|title=Justice for Jordan Neely!|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/justice-for-jordan-neely/|newspaper=[[Liberation News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513103404/https://www.liberationnews.org/justice-for-jordan-neely/|archive-date=2023-05-13}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:United States of America]]
[[Category:Cities]]

Jewish Voice for Just Peace in the Middle East

2025-12-02T07:09:25Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: apparently I missed this citation lol

{{Infobox organization|logo=Jüdische_Stimme_Logo.svg|founded=2003|website=https://www.juedische-stimme.de/}}

'''Jewish Voice for Just Peace in the Middle East – EJJP Germany e. V.''' (German: ''Jüdische Stimme für gerechten Frieden in Nahost'', often abbreviated '''Jüdische Stimme''') is a [[Federal Republic of Germany|German]] [[Judaism|Jewish]] [[Anti-Zionism|anti-Zionist]] organization partnered with [[Palestine Speaks]], [[Jewishbund]], [[Jewish Voice for Peace]], [[European Legal Support Center]] and [[European Jews for a Just Peace]].<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Jüdische Stimme|title=About us|url=https://www.juedische-stimme.de/en_US#about-info}}</ref> Their last newsletter upload was on the 18th of July 2023.

== Problematic definition of "Jew" ==
Jewish Voice requires new members to either have Jewish parents or to convert to Judaism, excluding all Jews with two or more degrees of separation from joining without converting. Notably, this excludes many Jews who are descended from the holocaust diaspora and who's parents converted. This stance promotes the idea of the "pure Jew" which is antisemitic due to it's Jewish-exclusionary nature.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Jüdische Stimme|title=Mitgliedsantrag|url=https://www.juedische-stimme.de/mitgliedsantrag}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Anti-Zionist organizations]]
[[Category:Jewish organizations]]

Essay:Gender Consciousness and the Internal Revolution

2025-11-28T23:43:29Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: Fixed a grammar

{{Infobox essay|title=Gender Consciousness and the Internal Revolution|author=Local Gay Communist - LGC|date=2025-11-28|excerpt=An attempt at analyzing Gender Consciousness and it's progression from quantitative changes into qualitative shifts.

Author: LGC|image=Femboys_and_the_structure_of_gender_cover.jpeg}}

An attempt at analyzing Gender Consciousness and it's progression from quantitative changes into qualitative shifts.

Author: LGC

= Foreword =
This is a work which I dedicate to all my fellow trans comrades out there, godspeed to all those who read this, those who are aware and those who are not.

Recommended reading before continuing to read this essay: [[Essay:Femboys and the structure of gender|Femboys and the structure of Gender]]

(Intentionally left blank so others might learn to do the same)

= Chapter 1: The initial conditioning =
Before we can understand how Gender consciousness is formed presently we must first establish the reality that we live in the present, the fact that we cannot observe an individual phenomenon as anything but existing within the totality from which it was formed, we must understand that gender consciousness may very well be a product of the current, that it can disappear and become irrelevant or even automatic in the future. From this understand then we draw the conclusion that we must first examine the initial conditioning of gender within society. (duly note this is made from a western perspective, and hence will draw from western experience, if the reader is of an agreeable position and has knowledge on non-western gender conditioning, I would highly recommend them to attempt an essay such as this for their own conditions.)

So, what is gender conditioning? To skip semantic boiler plate, gender conditioning is the means by which the superstructure of a given society reproduces that aspect of itself which is associated with gender upon it's constituent people, it is the boy meets girl booklets you get in high school sex-ed, the naming of XY and XX as "male" and "female" in your biology class, the reduction of gender to a simple binary because "diversity is too confusing". It is the extruding of the myth of social pathological gender upon the general population, to uphold it is dastardly, to justify it is bigotry and to accept it is cowardly. It is, put simply, the patriarchy telling you: "there's only a man and a woman and they love each other very much".

We can see the effects of such conditioning in how people think and speak of gender, it is a "personal choice" a "trend of modernity" it "goes against basic biology", It is anything but natural. What these many arguments fail to comprehend (aside from their own stupidity) is that they are all obvious and blatant lies, fed to us from a young age so the bourgeoisie can maximize the amount of kids we pump out to work in their call centers, retail jobs and sweatshops.

Yet, like all things, this conditioning is pregnant with it's own demise, as we will examine henceforth, it is very susceptible to failure, and is dialectically suicidal.

= Chapter 2: Baby steps (or: quantitative changes) =
So, you're all conditioned up, you've got your boy meets girl pamphlet from school, your biology book spoon-feeding you misleading oversimplifications, and the Shaving cream adverts telling you how to be a real man. But, this is obviously nonsensical, isn't it? I mean, since when does the shaving cream advert get to decide who's a man and who isn't? could it possibly be that by telling you that real men use 3-in-1 motor oil/bug-spray/shaving-cream, they're taking advantage of your compulsion to conform to the social expectations of your assigned gender to make more money? "wait- ", you gasp, "a company? wanting to make more money? that's something I've never considered!" and so we've stumbled upon a very interesting conundrum: who are we to trust in deciding how gender works, if the guys who've been telling us so far have a vested interest in convincing us that gender is a binary, whether that be for the labor force breeding optimization, or the optimization of demographics? Well, for now this question is largely irrelevant, as a real person usually doesn't experience it like this, usually the first steps to understanding gender arise when they realize that they aren't like everyone else. Maybe they were tempted to try on a dress, or pretend to be a dad while playing with a doll house, whatever the initial occurrence, it almost always begins with experimentation, the individual alters aspects of their presentation in private, challenging a socially imposed taboo with a personally held curiosity, they see that the girls do X but they have to Y, or that the guys to Y and they have to do X, and want to see what it would be like to do the other thing.

This is the first way that quantitative change occurs in trans, non-binary and gender-queer people, it's a pretty common starting point and if you ask most trans people they'll probably have some backstory which in hindsight should have been quite the big trans flag for the parents (oh the parents! always blinded by cis-perfectionism!) But philosophically we can understand this as the build up to something bigger, an example of quantitative accumulation which will occur over time in the person, gathering experiences which gradually shake up the ingrained notions of binary, unchanging, natural and perfect cis gender. Eventually the trans individual is left with one question: "who am I?".

= Chapter 3: Learning to run (or: qualitative shift in perceived gender identity) =
Firstly, we must understand that while gender identity is indeed innate, it is not obvious or apparent to most people, it is obscured by the initial conditioning first and foremost, and that obscurity is further reinforced through social pressures to abide by your assigned gender's secondary aspects. So, what is this thing which we know about? I call it the "perceived gender identity" (I know, very creative naming convention going on here.) It is what we think our gender identity is. Notably, even after the qualitative shift, it doesn't necessarily align with the gender identity perfectly, it's entirely possible to end up with a perceived gender identity which fits well enough, so that you don't really experience any issues with it.

So, how is the perceived gender identity formed? well, originally it is assigned at birth based on outward sex characteristics, and then reinforced throughout life by initial conditioning and further conditioning. But when the contradiction between your gender identity and your sex characteristics is antagonistic, the tendency to question your perceived gender identity will arise, within a trans person this most prominently manifests as gender dysphoria. And once those quantitative changes accumulate, the contradiction will have become so sharp that the shift is unavoidable and you eventually must surrender yourself to and face the reality of being trans. This is broadly what that qualitative shift entails, a long internal struggle followed by a realization, followed by revelations followed by a great understanding of gender, an understanding far beyond what any cis person will likely gain in their entire life. This broad process is also referred to as the internal revolution and it occurs across many different fields, not just gender.

And so our little protagonist has graduated from their shaving cream commercial phase and is now grappling with the question which plagues all trans people at some point: "who am I?" and it comes out to an astounding: "OH WAIT I'M A WOMAN", years of trying on dresses from their mothers closet while alone at home, years of looking at their chest and frowning, years of violently shaving all facial hair away finally make sense, an instant, a cataclysmic big bang of realization, revelation and understanding, sending shock-waves throughout her body, but the battle is not yet won or over, and she must fight on, for it is either transition or death, like for many trans people, the weight of the enforced cis existence has left her with C-PTSD, anxiety and depression and now she has to make progress or fall further into despair, like so many others before and after her.

She is us, the trans experience, and it's quantitative/qualitative changes and shifts, and soon she will attain a higher understanding of gender.

= Chapter 4: Gender consciousness =
Now that she has had some time to think about it, she starts to deconstruct her initial conditioning, unpacking the stereotypes and ingrained conceptions about gender and sexuality, this is common among trans people, as they are forced to grapple with such concepts due to their existence in a limbo in the cis superstructure. She soon comes to realize the great diversity and complexity of gender, and attains a deep-seated understanding of it which is very different from that of the cis society around her.

This is gender consciousness, it is the being aware of gender in the same way that a class conscious individual is aware of class, it is to comprehend it on a deeper level, far more that the average person will attain through the liberal idealist lens, and seemingly something which cis people seem unable or unwilling to attain. Gender consciousness is the understanding of gender and it's interplays, it's dynamics and it's experience on such a deep level that one's entire world view changes, it is indeed so deep of an understanding that those who abide by the liberal idealist conceptions of gender seem akin to infants learning the alphabet from the perspective of someone with a phd. It is fundamentally irreconcilable with cis ideology, which arises from the lack of gender consciousness and hence can ultimately only ever tolerate trans people as an enigma, containing irreconcilable contradictions which at best we shouldn't question and at worst make all trans people valid targets of the fascist cleansing of society. A great example of this cis ideology and it's existence in the forefront of the fascist mind is to look to Nazi germany, where the first ever book burning held by the NSDAP was not of communist literature, not of Torahs or anti-fascist literature, but rather, it was a book burning of the works held within the ''Institut für Sexualwissenschaft'' (the institute of sex research)<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Holocaust Memorial Day Trust|title=6 May 1933: Looting of the Institute of Sexology|url=https://hmd.org.uk/resource/6-may-1933-looting-of-the-institute-of-sexology/}}</ref>

= Conclusion =
We now understand a broad timeline of the Quantitative changes which lead to the Qualitative shift and Internal revolution, alongside the failures of cis ideology and the tendency of gender consciousness within the Internal revolution in a dialectical manner.

I hope this piece may someday help others reconcile their internal contradictions and do their own internal revolution.

= References =
<references />
[[Category:On gender (by LGC)]]
[[Category:LGBT+ topics (essays)]]
[[Category:Essays by Local Gay Communist - LGC]]

Essay:Gender Consciousness and the Internal Revolution

2025-11-28T23:23:53Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: made the essay all based and shit

{{Infobox essay|title=Gender Consciousness and the Internal Revolution|author=Local Gay Communist - LGC|date=2025-11-28|excerpt=An attempt at analyzing Gender Consciousness and it's progression from quantitative changes into qualitative shifts.

Author: LGC|image=Femboys_and_the_structure_of_gender_cover.jpeg}}

An attempt at analyzing Gender Consciousness and it's progression from quantitative changes into qualitative shifts.

Author: LGC

= Foreword =
This is a work which I dedicate to all my fellow trans comrades out there, godspeed to all those who read this, those who are aware and those who are not.

Recommended reading before continuing to read this essay: [[Essay:Femboys and the structure of gender|Femboys and the structure of Gender]]

(Intentionally left blank so others might learn to do the same)

= Chapter 1: The initial conditioning =
Before we can understand how Gender consciousness is formed presently we must first establish the reality that we live in the present, the fact that we cannot observe an individual phenomenon as anything but existing within the totality from which it was formed, we must understand that gender consciousness may very well be a product of the current, that it can disappear and become irrelevant or even automatic in the future. From this understand then we draw the conclusion that we must first examine the initial conditioning of gender within society. (duly note this is made from a western perspective, and hence will draw from western experience, if the reader is of an agreeable position and has knowledge on non-western gender conditioning, I would highly recommend them to attempt an essay such as this for their own conditions.)

So, what is gender conditioning? To skip semantic boiler plate, gender conditioning is the means by which the superstructure of a given society reproduces that aspect of itself which is associated with gender upon it's constituent people, it is the boy meets girl booklets you get in high school sex-ed, the naming of XY and XX as "male" and "female" in your biology class, the reduction of gender to a simple binary because "diversity is too confusing". It is the extruding of the myth of social pathological gender upon the general population, to uphold it is dastardly, to justify it is bigotry and to accept it is cowardly. It is, put simply, the patriarchy telling you: "there's only a man and a woman and they love each other very much".

We can see the effects of such conditioning in how people think and speak of gender, it is a "personal choice" a "trend of modernity" it "goes against basic biology", It is anything but natural. What these many arguments fail to comprehend (aside from their own stupidity) is that they are all obvious and blatant lies, fed to us from a young age so the bourgeoisie can maximize the amount of kids we pump out to work in their call centers, retail jobs and sweatshops.

Yet, like all things, this conditioning is pregnant with it's own demise, as we will examine henceforth, it is very susceptible to failure, and is dialectically suicidal.

= Chapter 2: Baby steps (or: quantitative changes) =
So, you're all conditioned up, you've got your boy meets girl pamphlet from school, your biology book spoon-feeding you misleading oversimplifications, and the Shaving cream adverts telling you how to be a real man. But, this is obviously nonsensical, isn't it? I mean, since when does the shaving cream advert get to decide who's a man and who isn't? could it possibly be that by telling you that real men use 3-in-1 motor oil/bug-spray/shaving-cream, they're taking advantage of your compulsion to conform to the social expectations of your assigned gender to make more money? "wait- ", you gasp, "a company? wanting to make more money? that's something I've never considered!" and so we've stumbled upon a very interesting conundrum: who are we to trust in deciding how gender works, if the guys who've been telling us so far have a vested interest in convincing us that gender is a binary, whether that be for the labor force breeding optimization, or the optimization of demographics? Well, for now this question is largely irrelevant, as a real person usually doesn't experience it like this, usually the first steps to understanding gender arise when they realize that they aren't like everyone else. Maybe they were tempted to try on a dress, or pretend to be a dad while playing with a doll house, whatever the initial occurrence, it almost always begins with experimentation, the individual alters aspects of their presentation in private, challenging a socially imposed taboo with a personally held curiosity, they see that the girls do X but they have to Y, or that the guys to Y and they have to do X, and want to see what it would be like to do the other thing.

This is the first way that quantitative change occurs in trans, non-binary and gender-queer people, it's a pretty common starting point and if you ask most trans people they'll probably have some backstory which in hindsight should have been quite the big trans flag for the parents (oh the parents! always blinded by cis-perfectionism!) But philosophically we can understand this as the build up to something bigger, an example of quantitative accumulation which will occur over time in the person, gathering experiences which gradually shake up the ingrained notions of binary, unchanging, natural and perfect cis gender. Eventually the trans individual is left with one question: "who am I?".

= Chapter 3: Learning to run (or: qualitative shift in perceived gender identity) =
Firstly, we must understand that while gender identity is indeed innate, it is not obvious or apparent to most people, it is obscured by the initial conditioning first and foremost, and that obscurity is further reinforced through social pressures to abide by your assigned gender's secondary aspects. So, what is this thing which we know about? I call it the "perceived gender identity" (I know, very creative naming convention going on here.) It is what we think our gender identity is. Notably, even after the qualitative shift, it doesn't necessarily align with the gender identity perfectly, it's entirely possible to end up with a perceived gender identity which fits well enough, so that you don't really experience any issues with it.

So, how is the perceived gender identity formed? well, originally it is assigned at birth based on outward sex characteristics, and then reinforced throughout life by initial conditioning and further conditioning. But when the contradiction between your gender identity and your sex characteristics is antagonistic, the tendency to question your perceived gender identity will arise, within a trans person this most prominently manifests as gender dysphoria. And once those quantitative changes accumulate, the contradiction will have become so sharp that the shift is unavoidable and you eventually must surrender yourself to and face the reality of being trans. This is broadly what that qualitative shift entails, a long internal struggle followed by a realization, followed by revelations followed by a great understanding of gender, an understanding far beyond what any cis person will likely gain in their entire life. This broad process is also referred to as the internal revolution and it occurs across many different fields, not just gender.

And so our little protagonist has graduated from their shaving cream commercial phase and is now grappling with the question which plagues all trans people at some point: "who am I?" and it comes out to an astounding: "OH WAIT I'M A WOMAN", years of trying on dresses from their mothers closet while alone at home, years of looking at their chest and frowning, years of violently shaving all facial hair away finally make sense, an instant, a cataclysmic big bang of realization, revelation and understanding, sending shock-waves throughout her body, but the battle is not yet lost, and she must fight on, for it is either transition or death, like for many trans people, the weight of the enforced cis existence has left her with C-PTSD, anxiety and depression and now she has to make progress or fall further into despair, like so many others before and after her.

She is us, the trans experience, and it's quantitative/qualitative changes and shifts, and soon she will attain a higher understanding of gender.

= Chapter 4: Gender consciousness =
Now that she has had some time to think about it, she starts to deconstruct her initial conditioning, unpacking the stereotypes and ingrained conceptions about gender and sexuality, this is common among trans people, as they are forced to grapple with such concepts due to their existence in a limbo in the cis superstructure. She soon comes to realize the great diversity and complexity of gender, and attains a deep-seated understanding of it which is very different from that of the cis society around her.

This is gender consciousness, it is the being aware of gender in the same way that a class conscious individual is aware of class, it is to comprehend it on a deeper level, far more that the average person will attain through the liberal idealist lens, and seemingly something which cis people seem unable or unwilling to attain. Gender consciousness is the understanding of gender and it's interplays, it's dynamics and it's experience on such a deep level that one's entire world view changes, it is indeed so deep of an understanding that those who abide by the liberal idealist conceptions of gender seem akin to infants learning the alphabet from the perspective of someone with a phd. It is fundamentally irreconcilable with cis ideology, which arises from the lack of gender consciousness and hence can ultimately only ever tolerate trans people as an enigma, containing irreconcilable contradictions which at best we shouldn't question and at worst make all trans people valid targets of the fascist cleansing of society. A great example of this cis ideology and it's existence in the forefront of the fascist mind is to look to Nazi germany, where the first ever book burning held by the NSDAP was not of communist literature, not of Torahs or anti-fascist literature, but rather, it was a book burning of the works held within the ''Institut für Sexualwissenschaft'' (the institute of sex research)<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Holocaust Memorial Day Trust|title=6 May 1933: Looting of the Institute of Sexology|url=https://hmd.org.uk/resource/6-may-1933-looting-of-the-institute-of-sexology/}}</ref>

= Conclusion =
We now understand a broad timeline of the Quantitative changes which lead to the Qualitative shift and Internal revolution, alongside the failures of cis ideology and the tendency of gender consciousness within the Internal revolution in a dialectical manner.

I hope this piece may someday help others reconcile their internal contradictions and do their own internal revolution.

= References =
<references />
[[Category:On gender (by LGC)]]
[[Category:LGBT+ topics (essays)]]
[[Category:Essays by Local Gay Communist - LGC]]

BadEmpanada

2025-11-28T18:34:27Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: fixed the tone to be more encyclopedic

Petit-bourgeois

2025-11-28T15:58:18Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: made a redirect

#REDIRECT [[Petite bourgeoisie]]

Drew Pavlou

2025-11-28T15:55:40Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: made a lil start on the page

{{Infobox person|name=Drew Pavlou|birth_date=4 June 1999|nationality=Australian|image=Drew Pavlou.png}}

Drew Pavlou is an [[Australian]] [[Fascism|fascist]] and [[twitter]] influencer who is a vocal opponent of the [[People's Republic of China]] and advocates for [[Tibetan separatism]]. He claims to have been kidnapped by china<ref>{{Web citation|author=Drew Pavlou|newspaper=Twitter|date=2024-07-09|url=https://x.com/DrewPavlou/status/1810635505882800600?lang=en|quote=We were both kidnapped by the Chinese Embassy in London.}}</ref>, that the [[Communist Party of China|CPC]] is performing [[AGITPROP]] against him<ref>{{Web citation|author=Drew Pavlou|newspaper=Twitter|date=2025-03-17|url=https://x.com/DrewPavlou/status/1901553646934135230|quote=Captive Dreamer is now endorsing literal CCP agit-prop against me.}}</ref>, and that the CPC attempted to assassinate him<ref>{{Web citation|author=Drew Pavlou|newspaper=Twitter|date=2025-02-20|url=https://x.com/DrewPavlou/status/1892369050027606291|quote=I think the head of Australian intelligence basically admitted in a speech yesterday that the CCP tried to kill me in Australia}}</ref>. Furthermore, he has organized and/or participated in multiple imperialist protests<ref>{{Web citation|author=Charlie Campbell|newspaper=Times|title=The Curious Case of the Australian Activist Arrested for Threatening to Blow Up China’s Embassy in London|date=2022-08-15|url=https://time.com/6205128/australian-activist-china-embassy-bomb-hoax-drew-pavlou/}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|author=Frank Chung|newspaper=new.com.au|title=‘Foreign occupation’: Drew Pavlou blocked protesting CCP official by Queensland Police ‘liaison officers’|date=2025-26-11|url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/online/social/foreign-occupation-drew-pavlou-blocked-protesting-ccp-official-by-queensland-police-liaison-officers/news-story/673dea5421df28fe395dc6c6739a0278}}</ref> and has called communists "foul specimens of sickness"<ref>{{Web citation|author=Drew Pavlou|newspaper=Twitter|date=2025-09-22|url=https://x.com/DrewPavlou/status/1970135584174944703|quote=Sick of these foul specimens of sickness}}</ref>.

== Drew Pavlou Democratic Alliance ==
The Drew Pavlou Democratic Alliance was a short lived [[petit-bourgeois]] [[Conservatism|conservative]] [[Populism|populist]] party launched in Australia in December of 2021 by Drew Pavlou, it made promises of affordable housing, supporting small businesses and reduced reliance on china specifically<ref>{{Web citation|author=Drew Pavlou|newspaper=drewpavlou.com|title=Issues|url=https://www.drewpavlou.com/issues|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620105022/https://www.drewpavlou.com/issues}}</ref>. After a brief existence of little impact or significance, it was voluntarily deregistered in early November 2023<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=aec.gov.au|title=Drew Pavlou Democratic Alliance Voluntary Deregistration|date=2023-11-06|url=https://www.aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/Party_Registration/Deregistered_parties/files/voluntary-deregistration-drew-pavlou-democratic-alliance.pdf}}</ref>.

== Lawsuits ==
Drew Pavlou has been involved in several lawsuits, the most prominent being his demand for 3.5 million AUD from the University of Queensland. He claimed this was compensation for being "silenced" after protesting the university's alleged—and entirely unfounded—ties to the Chinese government<ref>{{Web citation|author=Rex Martinich|newspaper=Neokosmos|title=Activist Pavlou settles $3.5m university lawsuit|date=2024-04-03|url=https://neoskosmos.com/en/2024/04/03/news/australia/activist-pavlou-settles-3-5m-university-lawsuit/}}</ref>.

== References ==
<references />

File:Drew Pavlou.png

2025-11-28T15:09:01Z

Local Gay Communist - LGC: Subtle reference...

== Summary ==
Subtle reference...