BRICS - Revision history

2804:7F0:B9C0:6AE7:209B:2A9E:328A:C774: Updated to include Indonesia joining the group in January 2025

2025-01-11T05:20:10Z

Updated to include Indonesia joining the group in January 2025

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2804:14C:46:8708:B433:41D1:A4DC:1E65: updated tables

2024-12-01T21:18:46Z

updated tables

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2804:14C:46:8708:44C0:B17F:4272:2FB3 at 16:51, 23 November 2024

2024-11-23T16:51:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:51, 23 November 2024
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	The BRICS have a combined area of 39,746,220 km<sup>2</sup> (15,346,100 sq mi) and an estimated total population of about 3.21 billion,<ref>{{Web citation\|author=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division\|newspaper=United Nations\|title=World Population Prospects 2019\|date=2019\|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617061145/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-date=2021-06-17\|retrieved=2021-06-17}}</ref> or about 26.7% of the world's land surface and 41.5% of the global population. Brazil, Russia, India, and China are among the world's ten largest countries by population, area, and GDP, and are widely considered to be current or emerging superpowers. All five states are members of the [[G20]], with a combined nominal GDP of US$26.6 trillion (about 26.2% of the [[gross world product]]), a total [[GDP (PPP)]] of around US$51.99 trillion (32.1% of global GDP PPP), and an estimated US$4.46 trillion in combined foreign reserves (as of 2018).<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report \|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects \|newspaper=IMF \|retrieved=19 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|title=Amid BRICS' rise and 'Arab Spring', a new global order forms \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020201828/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|archive-date=20 October 2011 \|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor \|date=18 October 2011 \|retrieved=20 October 2011 }}</ref>		The BRICS have a combined area of 39,746,220 km<sup>2</sup> (15,346,100 sq mi) and an estimated total population of about 3.21 billion,<ref>{{Web citation\|author=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division\|newspaper=United Nations\|title=World Population Prospects 2019\|date=2019\|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617061145/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-date=2021-06-17\|retrieved=2021-06-17}}</ref> or about 26.7% of the world's land surface and 41.5% of the global population. Brazil, Russia, India, and China are among the world's ten largest countries by population, area, and GDP, and are widely considered to be current or emerging superpowers. All five states are members of the [[G20]], with a combined nominal GDP of US$26.6 trillion (about 26.2% of the [[gross world product]]), a total [[GDP (PPP)]] of around US$51.99 trillion (32.1% of global GDP PPP), and an estimated US$4.46 trillion in combined foreign reserves (as of 2018).<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report \|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects \|newspaper=IMF \|retrieved=19 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|title=Amid BRICS' rise and 'Arab Spring', a new global order forms \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020201828/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|archive-date=20 October 2011 \|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor \|date=18 October 2011 \|retrieved=20 October 2011 }}</ref>

	The BRICS were originally identified for the purpose of highlighting investment opportunities, and had not been a formal [[intergovernmental organization]].<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-08/goldman-s-bric-era-ends-as-fund-closes-after-years-of-losses \|title=Goldman's BRIC Era Ends as Fund Folds After Years of Losses \|newspaper=[[Bloomberg]]}}</ref> Since 2009, they have increasingly formed into a more cohesive geopolitical bloc, with their governments meeting annually at formal summits and coordinating multilateral policies;<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tilak Doshi \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/ \|title=BRICS In The New World Energy Order: Hedging In Oil Geopolitics \|newspaper=[[Forbes]] \|retrieved=2022-11-10 }}</ref> ~~China~~ hosted the most recent ~~14th~~ BRICS summit on 24 ~~July 2022~~. Bilateral relations among the BRICS are conducted mainly on the basis of noninterference, equality, and mutual benefit.<ref>{{Web citation \| author=Gutemberg Pacheco Lopes Junior \|url=https://repository.law.wisc.edu/s/uwlaw/media/21534 \|title=The Sino-Brazilian Principles in a Latin American and BRICS Context: The Case for Comparative Public Budgeting Legal Research \|newspaper=Wisconsin International Law Journal; \|date=13 May 2015 }}</ref>		The BRICS were originally identified for the purpose of highlighting investment opportunities, and had not been a formal [[intergovernmental organization]].<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-08/goldman-s-bric-era-ends-as-fund-closes-after-years-of-losses \|title=Goldman's BRIC Era Ends as Fund Folds After Years of Losses \|newspaper=[[Bloomberg]]}}</ref> Since 2009, they have increasingly formed into a more cohesive geopolitical bloc, with their governments meeting annually at formal summits and coordinating multilateral policies;<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tilak Doshi \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/ \|title=BRICS In The New World Energy Order: Hedging In Oil Geopolitics \|newspaper=[[Forbes]] \|retrieved=2022-11-10 }}</ref> Russia hosted the most recent 16th BRICS summit between October 22-24, 2024. Bilateral relations among the BRICS are conducted mainly on the basis of noninterference, equality, and mutual benefit.<ref>{{Web citation \| author=Gutemberg Pacheco Lopes Junior \|url=https://repository.law.wisc.edu/s/uwlaw/media/21534 \|title=The Sino-Brazilian Principles in a Latin American and BRICS Context: The Case for Comparative Public Budgeting Legal Research \|newspaper=Wisconsin International Law Journal; \|date=13 May 2015 }}</ref>

	The BRICS are considered the foremost rival to the [[G7\|G7 bloc]] of leading advanced economies,<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tilak Doshi \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/ \|title=BRICS In The New World Energy Order: Hedging In Oil Geopolitics \|newspaper=[[Forbes]] \|retrieved=2022-10-11\|date=2022-07-21\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104134110/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/?sh=2a23c8d924bf\|archive-date=2023-01-04}}</ref> announcing competing initiatives such as the New Development Bank, Contingent Reserve Arrangement, BRICS payment system, and BRICS basket reserve currency. Since 2022, the group has sought to expand membership, with several developing countries expressing interest in joining.<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tom O'Connor \|date=2022-10-07 \|url=https://www.newsweek.com/brazil-russia-india-china-south-africa-brics-bloc-grows-us-left-out-1757643 \|title=Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa BRICS bloc grows with U.S. left out\|newspaper=Newsweek\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203151125/https://www.newsweek.com/brazil-russia-india-china-south-africa-brics-bloc-grows-us-left-out-1757643\|archive-date=2023-02-03}}</ref> The BRICS have received praise from numerous commentators.<ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=168422 \|title=Brics a force for world peace, says China \|date=8 August 2012 \|archive-url= \|retrieved=2013-11-09 \|newspaper=BusinessDay\|archive-date=22 April 2013}}</ref>		The BRICS are considered the foremost rival to the [[G7\|G7 bloc]] of leading advanced economies,<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tilak Doshi \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/ \|title=BRICS In The New World Energy Order: Hedging In Oil Geopolitics \|newspaper=[[Forbes]] \|retrieved=2022-10-11\|date=2022-07-21\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104134110/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/?sh=2a23c8d924bf\|archive-date=2023-01-04}}</ref> announcing competing initiatives such as the New Development Bank, Contingent Reserve Arrangement, BRICS payment system, and BRICS basket reserve currency. Since 2022, the group has sought to expand membership, with several developing countries expressing interest in joining.<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tom O'Connor \|date=2022-10-07 \|url=https://www.newsweek.com/brazil-russia-india-china-south-africa-brics-bloc-grows-us-left-out-1757643 \|title=Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa BRICS bloc grows with U.S. left out\|newspaper=Newsweek\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203151125/https://www.newsweek.com/brazil-russia-india-china-south-africa-brics-bloc-grows-us-left-out-1757643\|archive-date=2023-02-03}}</ref> The BRICS have received praise from numerous commentators.<ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=168422 \|title=Brics a force for world peace, says China \|date=8 August 2012 \|archive-url= \|retrieved=2013-11-09 \|newspaper=BusinessDay\|archive-date=22 April 2013}}</ref>

General-KJ: Removed unused reference

2024-10-21T16:14:27Z

Removed unused reference

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:14, 21 October 2024
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	!Country		!Country
	!Population (in Thousands) (2018)		!Population (in Thousands) (2018)
	! \|PPP GDP bil. USD (2022 est.)~~<ref name="autogenerated2" />~~		! \|PPP GDP bil. USD (2022 est.)
	! style="font-size:85%" \|PPP GDP per capita USD (2022 est.)~~<ref name="autogenerated2" />~~		! style="font-size:85%" \|PPP GDP per capita USD (2022 est.)
	!GDP growth<br />(2022 est.)<ref>		!GDP growth<br />(2022 est.)<ref>
	{{Web citation \|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects \|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April/weo-report \|retrieved=2022-04-20 \|newspaper=IMF \|language=en}}		{{Web citation \|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects \|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April/weo-report \|retrieved=2022-04-20 \|newspaper=IMF \|language=en}}

BE Comrade: fixed broken citation templates

2024-09-03T22:13:57Z

fixed broken citation templates

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:13, 3 September 2024
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	The BRICS have a combined area of 39,746,220 km<sup>2</sup> (15,346,100 sq mi) and an estimated total population of about 3.21 billion,<ref>{{Web citation\|author=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division\|newspaper=United Nations\|title=World Population Prospects 2019\|date=2019\|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617061145/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-date=2021-06-17\|retrieved=2021-06-17}}</ref> or about 26.7% of the world's land surface and 41.5% of the global population. Brazil, Russia, India, and China are among the world's ten largest countries by population, area, and GDP, and are widely considered to be current or emerging superpowers. All five states are members of the [[G20]], with a combined nominal GDP of US$26.6 trillion (about 26.2% of the [[gross world product]]), a total [[GDP (PPP)]] of around US$51.99 trillion (32.1% of global GDP PPP), and an estimated US$4.46 trillion in combined foreign reserves (as of 2018).<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report \|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects \|newspaper=IMF \|retrieved=19 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|title=Amid BRICS' rise and 'Arab Spring', a new global order forms \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020201828/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|archive-date=20 October 2011 \|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor \|date=18 October 2011 \|retrieved=20 October 2011 }}</ref>		The BRICS have a combined area of 39,746,220 km<sup>2</sup> (15,346,100 sq mi) and an estimated total population of about 3.21 billion,<ref>{{Web citation\|author=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division\|newspaper=United Nations\|title=World Population Prospects 2019\|date=2019\|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617061145/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-date=2021-06-17\|retrieved=2021-06-17}}</ref> or about 26.7% of the world's land surface and 41.5% of the global population. Brazil, Russia, India, and China are among the world's ten largest countries by population, area, and GDP, and are widely considered to be current or emerging superpowers. All five states are members of the [[G20]], with a combined nominal GDP of US$26.6 trillion (about 26.2% of the [[gross world product]]), a total [[GDP (PPP)]] of around US$51.99 trillion (32.1% of global GDP PPP), and an estimated US$4.46 trillion in combined foreign reserves (as of 2018).<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report \|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects \|newspaper=IMF \|retrieved=19 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|title=Amid BRICS' rise and 'Arab Spring', a new global order forms \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020201828/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|archive-date=20 October 2011 \|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor \|date=18 October 2011 \|retrieved=20 October 2011 }}</ref>

	The BRICS were originally identified for the purpose of highlighting investment opportunities, and had not been a formal [[intergovernmental organization]].<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-08/goldman-s-bric-era-ends-as-fund-closes-after-years-of-losses \|title=Goldman's BRIC Era Ends as Fund Folds After Years of Losses \|newspaper=[[Bloomberg]]}}</ref> Since 2009, they have increasingly formed into a more cohesive geopolitical bloc, with their governments meeting annually at formal summits and coordinating multilateral policies;<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tilak Doshi \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/ \|title=BRICS In The New World Energy Order: Hedging In Oil Geopolitics \|newspaper=[[Forbes]] \|retrieved=2022-11-10 }}</ref> China hosted the most recent 14th BRICS summit on 24 July 2022. Bilateral relations among the BRICS are conducted mainly on the basis of noninterference, equality, and mutual benefit.<ref>{{Web citation Gutemberg Pacheco Lopes Junior \|url=https://repository.law.wisc.edu/s/uwlaw/media/21534 \|title=The Sino-Brazilian Principles in a Latin American and BRICS Context: The Case for Comparative Public Budgeting Legal Research \|newspaper=Wisconsin International Law Journal; \|date=13 May 2015 }}</ref>		The BRICS were originally identified for the purpose of highlighting investment opportunities, and had not been a formal [[intergovernmental organization]].<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-08/goldman-s-bric-era-ends-as-fund-closes-after-years-of-losses \|title=Goldman's BRIC Era Ends as Fund Folds After Years of Losses \|newspaper=[[Bloomberg]]}}</ref> Since 2009, they have increasingly formed into a more cohesive geopolitical bloc, with their governments meeting annually at formal summits and coordinating multilateral policies;<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tilak Doshi \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/ \|title=BRICS In The New World Energy Order: Hedging In Oil Geopolitics \|newspaper=[[Forbes]] \|retrieved=2022-11-10 }}</ref> China hosted the most recent 14th BRICS summit on 24 July 2022. Bilateral relations among the BRICS are conducted mainly on the basis of noninterference, equality, and mutual benefit.<ref>{{Web citation \| author=Gutemberg Pacheco Lopes Junior \|url=https://repository.law.wisc.edu/s/uwlaw/media/21534 \|title=The Sino-Brazilian Principles in a Latin American and BRICS Context: The Case for Comparative Public Budgeting Legal Research \|newspaper=Wisconsin International Law Journal; \|date=13 May 2015 }}</ref>

	The BRICS are considered the foremost rival to the [[G7\|G7 bloc]] of leading advanced economies,<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tilak Doshi \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/ \|title=BRICS In The New World Energy Order: Hedging In Oil Geopolitics \|newspaper=[[Forbes]] \|retrieved=2022-10-11\|date=2022-07-21\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104134110/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/?sh=2a23c8d924bf\|archive-date=2023-01-04}}</ref> announcing competing initiatives such as the New Development Bank, Contingent Reserve Arrangement, BRICS payment system, and BRICS basket reserve currency. Since 2022, the group has sought to expand membership, with several developing countries expressing interest in joining.<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tom O'Connor \|date=2022-10-07 \|url=https://www.newsweek.com/brazil-russia-india-china-south-africa-brics-bloc-grows-us-left-out-1757643 \|title=Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa BRICS bloc grows with U.S. left out\|newspaper=Newsweek\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203151125/https://www.newsweek.com/brazil-russia-india-china-south-africa-brics-bloc-grows-us-left-out-1757643\|archive-date=2023-02-03}}</ref> The BRICS have received praise from numerous commentators.<ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=168422 \|title=Brics a force for world peace, says China \|date=8 August 2012 \|archive-url= \|retrieved=2013-11-09 \|newspaper=BusinessDay\|archive-date=22 April 2013}}</ref>		The BRICS are considered the foremost rival to the [[G7\|G7 bloc]] of leading advanced economies,<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tilak Doshi \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/ \|title=BRICS In The New World Energy Order: Hedging In Oil Geopolitics \|newspaper=[[Forbes]] \|retrieved=2022-10-11\|date=2022-07-21\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104134110/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/?sh=2a23c8d924bf\|archive-date=2023-01-04}}</ref> announcing competing initiatives such as the New Development Bank, Contingent Reserve Arrangement, BRICS payment system, and BRICS basket reserve currency. Since 2022, the group has sought to expand membership, with several developing countries expressing interest in joining.<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tom O'Connor \|date=2022-10-07 \|url=https://www.newsweek.com/brazil-russia-india-china-south-africa-brics-bloc-grows-us-left-out-1757643 \|title=Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa BRICS bloc grows with U.S. left out\|newspaper=Newsweek\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203151125/https://www.newsweek.com/brazil-russia-india-china-south-africa-brics-bloc-grows-us-left-out-1757643\|archive-date=2023-02-03}}</ref> The BRICS have received praise from numerous commentators.<ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=168422 \|title=Brics a force for world peace, says China \|date=8 August 2012 \|archive-url= \|retrieved=2013-11-09 \|newspaper=BusinessDay\|archive-date=22 April 2013}}</ref>
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	! style="font-size:85%" \|PPP GDP per capita USD (2022 est.)<ref name="autogenerated2" />		! style="font-size:85%" \|PPP GDP per capita USD (2022 est.)<ref name="autogenerated2" />
	!GDP growth<br />(2022 est.)<ref>		!GDP growth<br />(2022 est.)<ref>
	{{Web ~~Citation~~ \|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects \|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April/weo-report \|retrieved=2022-04-20 \|newspaper=IMF \|language=en}}		{{Web citation \|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects \|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April/weo-report \|retrieved=2022-04-20 \|newspaper=IMF \|language=en}}
	</ref>		</ref>
	!Government spending		!Government spending

Spookfessor: host

2024-03-17T14:36:24Z

host

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:36, 17 March 2024
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	\| label1 = [[File:Flag_of_Brazil.svg\|25x25px\|]] [[Federative_Republic_of_Brazil\|Brazil]]		\| label1 = [[File:Flag_of_Brazil.svg\|25x25px\|]] [[Federative_Republic_of_Brazil\|Brazil]]
	\| data1 = President [[Lula da Silva]]		\| data1 = President [[Lula da Silva]]
	\| label2 = [[File:Flag_of_Russia.svg\|25x25px\|]] [[Russian_Federation\|Russia]]		\| label2 = [[File:Flag_of_Russia.svg\|25x25px\|]] [[Russian_Federation\|Russia]] (2024 Host)
	\| data2 = President [[Vladimir Putin]]		\| data2 = President [[Vladimir Putin]]
	\| label4 = [[File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\|25x25px\|]] [[People%27s_Republic_of_China\|China]] ~~(2022 host)~~		\| label4 = [[File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\|25x25px\|]] [[People%27s_Republic_of_China\|China]]
	\| data4 = President [[Xi Jinping]]		\| data4 = President [[Xi Jinping]]
	\| label5 = [[File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\|25x25px\|]] [[Republic_of_South_Africa\|South Africa]]		\| label5 = [[File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\|25x25px\|]] [[Republic_of_South_Africa\|South Africa]]

Spookfessor: New members

2024-03-17T14:34:19Z

New members

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:34, 17 March 2024
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	\| label3 = [[File:Flag_of_India.svg\|25x25px\|]] [[Republic_of_India\|India]]		\| label3 = [[File:Flag_of_India.svg\|25x25px\|]] [[Republic_of_India\|India]]
	\| data3 = Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]		\| data3 = Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]
			\| label6 = [[File:Flag_of_Egypt.svg\|25x25px\|]] [[Arab Republic of Egypt\|Egypt]]
			\| data6 = President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
			\| label7 = [[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg\|25x25px\|]] [[Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia\|Ethiopia]]
			\| data7 = President Sahle-Work Zewde
			\| label8 = [[File:Flag_of_Iran.svg\|25x25px\|]] [[Islamic Republic of Iran\|Iran]]
			\| data8 = Supreme Leader [[Ali Khamenei]]
			\| label9 = [[File:Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg\|25x25px\|]] [[Kingdom of Saudi Arabia\|Saudi_Arabia]]
			\| data9 = King Salman
			\| label10 = [[File:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg\|25x25px\|]] [[United Arab Emirates\|United_Arab_Emirates]]
			\| data10 = President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
	}}<hr>		}}<hr>
	\| abbreviation = BRICS		\| abbreviation = BRICS
Line 37:		Line 47:
	\| purpose = Political		\| purpose = Political
	\| fields = International politics		\| fields = International politics
	\| membership = 5		\| membership = 10
	\| membership_year = 2022		\| membership_year = 2022
	\| funding = Member states		\| funding = Member states
Line 47:		Line 57:
	}}		}}

	'''BRICS''' is an ~~acronym~~ for ~~five leading~~ emerging ~~economies~~: [[Brazil\|'''B'''razil]], [[Russia\|'''R'''ussia]], [[India\|'''I'''ndia]], [[China\|'''C'''hina]], ~~and~~ [[South Africa\|'''S'''outh Africa]]. The first four were initially grouped as "BRIC" (or "the BRICs") in 2001 by Goldman Sachs economist Jim O'Neill, who coined the term to describe fast-growing economies that would collectively dominate the global economy by 2050;<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tilak Doshi \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/ \|title=BRICS In The New World Energy Order: Hedging In Oil Geopolitics \|newsaper=Forbes \|retrieved=2022-11-10}}</ref> [[South Africa]] was added in 2010.<ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.southafrica.info/global/brics/brics-080411.htm \|title=New era as South Africa joins BRICS \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418004139/http://www.southafrica.info/global/brics/brics-080411.htm \|archive-date=18 April 2011 \|newspaper=SouthAfrica.info \|date=11 April 2010 \|retrieved=2012-12-02}}</ref> [[Kingdom of Saudi Arabia\|Saudi Arabia]], [[Argentine Republic\|Argentina]], [[Arab Republic of Egypt\|Egypt]], [[Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia\|Ethiopia]], [[Islamic Republic of Iran\|Iran]], and the [[United Arab Emirates]] will be added as members in 2024. <ref name=":1">{{Web citation\|author=Joshua Ramos\|newspaper=Watcher.Guru\|title=Saudi Arabia, UAE & 4 Other Countries Officially Joining BRICS\|date=2023-08-24\|url=https://watcher.guru/news/saudi-arabia-uae-4-other-countries-officially-joining-brics\|retrieved=2023-08-24}}</ref>		'''BRICS''' is an international platform for cooperation among emerging markets and developing countries: its members include [[Brazil\|'''B'''razil]], [[Russia\|'''R'''ussia]], [[India\|'''I'''ndia]], [[China\|'''C'''hina]], [[South Africa\|'''S'''outh Africa]], [[Kingdom of Saudi Arabia\|Saudi Arabia]], [[Arab Republic of Egypt\|Egypt]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Islamic Republic of Iran\|Iran]] and [[Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia\|Ethiopia]].<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=en.kremlin.ru\|title=Address by President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin on the start of Russia's BRICS Chairmanship\|date=January 1, 2024\|url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/73202\|quote=On January 1, Russia was passed the baton of the BRICS chairmanship, an association which, according to the decision adopted by the 15th BRICS Summit in August 2022, now includes 10 countries. Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates joined BRICS as new full members which is a strong indication of the growing authority of the association and its role in international affairs.}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=CGTN\|title=Five countries formally join BRICS\|date=01-Jan-2024\|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2024-01-01/Five-countries-formally-join-BRICS-1q0oUn0eOTS/p.html}}</ref> The first four were initially grouped as "BRIC" (or "the BRICs") in 2001 by Goldman Sachs economist Jim O'Neill, who coined the term to describe fast-growing economies that would collectively dominate the global economy by 2050;<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tilak Doshi \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/ \|title=BRICS In The New World Energy Order: Hedging In Oil Geopolitics \|newsaper=Forbes \|retrieved=2022-11-10}}</ref> [[South Africa]] was added in 2010.<ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.southafrica.info/global/brics/brics-080411.htm \|title=New era as South Africa joins BRICS \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418004139/http://www.southafrica.info/global/brics/brics-080411.htm \|archive-date=18 April 2011 \|newspaper=SouthAfrica.info \|date=11 April 2010 \|retrieved=2012-12-02}}</ref> [[Kingdom of Saudi Arabia\|Saudi Arabia]], [[Argentine Republic\|Argentina]], [[Arab Republic of Egypt\|Egypt]], [[Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia\|Ethiopia]], [[Islamic Republic of Iran\|Iran]], and the [[United Arab Emirates]] will be added as members in 2024. <ref name=":1">{{Web citation\|author=Joshua Ramos\|newspaper=Watcher.Guru\|title=Saudi Arabia, UAE & 4 Other Countries Officially Joining BRICS\|date=2023-08-24\|url=https://watcher.guru/news/saudi-arabia-uae-4-other-countries-officially-joining-brics\|retrieved=2023-08-24}}</ref>

	The BRICS have a combined area of 39,746,220 km<sup>2</sup> (15,346,100 sq mi) and an estimated total population of about 3.21 billion,<ref>{{Web citation\|author=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division\|newspaper=United Nations\|title=World Population Prospects 2019\|date=2019\|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617061145/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-date=2021-06-17\|retrieved=2021-06-17}}</ref> or about 26.7% of the world's land surface and 41.5% of the global population. Brazil, Russia, India, and China are among the world's ten largest countries by population, area, and GDP, and are widely considered to be current or emerging superpowers. All five states are members of the [[G20]], with a combined nominal GDP of US$26.6 trillion (about 26.2% of the [[gross world product]]), a total [[GDP (PPP)]] of around US$51.99 trillion (32.1% of global GDP PPP), and an estimated US$4.46 trillion in combined foreign reserves (as of 2018).<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report \|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects \|newspaper=IMF \|retrieved=19 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|title=Amid BRICS' rise and 'Arab Spring', a new global order forms \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020201828/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|archive-date=20 October 2011 \|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor \|date=18 October 2011 \|retrieved=20 October 2011 }}</ref>		The BRICS have a combined area of 39,746,220 km<sup>2</sup> (15,346,100 sq mi) and an estimated total population of about 3.21 billion,<ref>{{Web citation\|author=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division\|newspaper=United Nations\|title=World Population Prospects 2019\|date=2019\|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617061145/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-date=2021-06-17\|retrieved=2021-06-17}}</ref> or about 26.7% of the world's land surface and 41.5% of the global population. Brazil, Russia, India, and China are among the world's ten largest countries by population, area, and GDP, and are widely considered to be current or emerging superpowers. All five states are members of the [[G20]], with a combined nominal GDP of US$26.6 trillion (about 26.2% of the [[gross world product]]), a total [[GDP (PPP)]] of around US$51.99 trillion (32.1% of global GDP PPP), and an estimated US$4.46 trillion in combined foreign reserves (as of 2018).<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report \|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects \|newspaper=IMF \|retrieved=19 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|title=Amid BRICS' rise and 'Arab Spring', a new global order forms \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020201828/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|archive-date=20 October 2011 \|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor \|date=18 October 2011 \|retrieved=20 October 2011 }}</ref>

TheRedWitch: add summit location

2023-08-27T23:33:12Z

add summit location

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:33, 27 August 2023
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	\|9th\|\|3–5 September 2017\|\|[[File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\|25x25px\|]] China\|\|[[Xi Jinping]]\|\|{{small\|Xiamen (Xiamen International Conference Center)}}\|\|{{small\|Joint summit with EMDCD}}. The ninth summit was an event that talked about a bright future for BRICS and what their goals intend to be. They still covered and debated on international and regional issues with one another; hopeful to keep moving forward.<ref name="ReferenceA" />		\|9th\|\|3–5 September 2017\|\|[[File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\|25x25px\|]] China\|\|[[Xi Jinping]]\|\|{{small\|Xiamen (Xiamen International Conference Center)}}\|\|{{small\|Joint summit with EMDCD}}. The ninth summit was an event that talked about a bright future for BRICS and what their goals intend to be. They still covered and debated on international and regional issues with one another; hopeful to keep moving forward.<ref name="ReferenceA" />
	\|-		\|-
	\| 10th\|\|25–27 July 2018\|\|[[File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\|25x25px\|]] South Africa\|\|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]\|\|{{small\|Johannesburg (Sandton Convention Centre)}}\|\|~~The tenth summit had the members discuss their rising industries. Hoping they can cut a bigger slice of the industry market.~~		\| 10th\|\|25–27 July 2018\|\|[[File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\|25x25px\|]] South Africa\|\|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]\|\|{{small\|Johannesburg (Sandton Convention Centre)}}\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|11th\|\|13–14 November 2019\|\|[[File:Flag_of_Brazil.svg\|25x25px\|]] Brazil\|\| [[Jair Bolsonaro]]\|\| {{small\|Brasília (Itamaraty Palace)}}<ref name="BRICS Brazil" />\|\|The eleventh summit discussed advancements in the BRICS's science and innovation fields. Primarily trying to advance technology and digital currency. They made mutual agreements to help stop drug trafficking and organized crime; both internationally and internally		\|11th\|\|13–14 November 2019\|\|[[File:Flag_of_Brazil.svg\|25x25px\|]] Brazil\|\| [[Jair Bolsonaro]]\|\| {{small\|Brasília (Itamaraty Palace)}}<ref name="BRICS Brazil" />\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|12th\|\|21–23 July 2020 (postponed due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]])<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://eng.brics-russia2020.ru/news/20200527/395729/BRICS-and-the-SCO-summits-postponed.html \|title=BRICS and the SCO summits postponed \| Official website of the Russian BRICS Chairmanship in 2020}}</ref><br /> 17 November 2020 (video conference)<ref>{{Web citation \|title=BRICS Summit to be held virtually on Nov 17; strengthening cooperation, global stability on agenda \|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/brics-summit-to-be-held-virtually-on-nov-17-cooperation-strengthening-global-stability-on-agenda/story-Io02j2Xpb81KAx03C13O1M.html \|retrieved=5 October 2020 \|newspaper=Hindustan Times \|date=5 October 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>\|\|[[File:Flag_of_Russia.svg\|25x25px\|]] Russia\|\|Vladimir Putin\|\|{{small\|Saint Petersburg}}<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/5d3209879a7947184d6b66f9 \|title=Путин заявил о переносе саммитов БРИКС и ШОС из Челябинска \|retrieved=19 July 2019}}</ref>\|\|{{small\|Joint summit with SCO}}. Discussing a mutual agreement on helping BRICS member countries to help foster better living standards and quality of life for each countries people. Plans on focusing on peace, economies, and cultural societal issues.<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Dipanjan Roy Chaudhury \|title=BRICS Summit to be held virtually on November 17 \|newspaper=The Economic Times \|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/brics-summit-to-be-held-virtually-on-november-17/articleshow/78495022.cms \|retrieved=20 October 2020}}</ref>		\|12th\|\|21–23 July 2020 (postponed due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]])<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://eng.brics-russia2020.ru/news/20200527/395729/BRICS-and-the-SCO-summits-postponed.html \|title=BRICS and the SCO summits postponed \| Official website of the Russian BRICS Chairmanship in 2020}}</ref><br /> 17 November 2020 (video conference)<ref>{{Web citation \|title=BRICS Summit to be held virtually on Nov 17; strengthening cooperation, global stability on agenda \|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/brics-summit-to-be-held-virtually-on-nov-17-cooperation-strengthening-global-stability-on-agenda/story-Io02j2Xpb81KAx03C13O1M.html \|retrieved=5 October 2020 \|newspaper=Hindustan Times \|date=5 October 2020 \|language=en}}</ref>\|\|[[File:Flag_of_Russia.svg\|25x25px\|]] Russia\|\|Vladimir Putin\|\|{{small\|Saint Petersburg}}<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/5d3209879a7947184d6b66f9 \|title=Путин заявил о переносе саммитов БРИКС и ШОС из Челябинска \|retrieved=19 July 2019}}</ref>\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| 13th\|\|9 September 2021 (video conference)\|\|[[File:Flag_of_India.svg\|25x25px\|]] India\|\|Narendra Modi\|\|{{small\|New Delhi}}\|\|{{small\|BRICS Games 2021}}<ref>{{Web citation \|title=India plans to host BRICS Games during Khelo India Games in 2021 – Sports News , Firstpost \|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-plans-to-host-brics-games-during-khelo-india-games-in-2021-8755221.html \|newspaper=Firstpost \|date=26 August 2020}}</ref>		\| 13th\|\|9 September 2021 (video conference)\|\|[[File:Flag_of_India.svg\|25x25px\|]] India\|\|Narendra Modi\|\|{{small\|New Delhi}}\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|14th\|\|23 June 2022 (video conference)\|\|[[File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\|25x25px\|]] China\|\|Xi Jinping\|\|Beijing\|\|		\|14th\|\|23 June 2022 (video conference)\|\|[[File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\|25x25px\|]] China\|\|Xi Jinping\|\|Beijing\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|15th\|\|2023\|\|[[File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\|25x25px\|]] South Africa\|\| \|\|~~TBA~~		\|15th\|\|2023\|\|[[File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg\|25x25px\|]] South Africa\|\| Cyril Ramaphosa\|\|Johannesburg
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

Mantis-marmalade-savior-stability: Updated to reflect new BRICS membership in 2024

2023-08-24T20:26:10Z

Updated to reflect new BRICS membership in 2024

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:26, 24 August 2023
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	}}		}}

	'''BRICS''' is an acronym for five leading emerging economies: [[Brazil\|'''B'''razil]], [[Russia\|'''R'''ussia]], [[India\|'''I'''ndia]], [[China\|'''C'''hina]], and [[South Africa\|'''S'''outh Africa]]. The first four were initially grouped as "BRIC" (or "the BRICs") in 2001 by Goldman Sachs economist Jim O'Neill, who coined the term to describe fast-growing economies that would collectively dominate the global economy by 2050;<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tilak Doshi \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/ \|title=BRICS In The New World Energy Order: Hedging In Oil Geopolitics \|newsaper=Forbes \|retrieved=2022-11-10}}</ref> [[South Africa]] was added in 2010.<ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.southafrica.info/global/brics/brics-080411.htm \|title=New era as South Africa joins BRICS \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418004139/http://www.southafrica.info/global/brics/brics-080411.htm \|archive-date=18 April 2011 \|newspaper=SouthAfrica.info \|date=11 April 2010 \|retrieved=2012-12-02}}</ref>		'''BRICS''' is an acronym for five leading emerging economies: [[Brazil\|'''B'''razil]], [[Russia\|'''R'''ussia]], [[India\|'''I'''ndia]], [[China\|'''C'''hina]], and [[South Africa\|'''S'''outh Africa]]. The first four were initially grouped as "BRIC" (or "the BRICs") in 2001 by Goldman Sachs economist Jim O'Neill, who coined the term to describe fast-growing economies that would collectively dominate the global economy by 2050;<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tilak Doshi \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/ \|title=BRICS In The New World Energy Order: Hedging In Oil Geopolitics \|newsaper=Forbes \|retrieved=2022-11-10}}</ref> [[South Africa]] was added in 2010.<ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.southafrica.info/global/brics/brics-080411.htm \|title=New era as South Africa joins BRICS \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418004139/http://www.southafrica.info/global/brics/brics-080411.htm \|archive-date=18 April 2011 \|newspaper=SouthAfrica.info \|date=11 April 2010 \|retrieved=2012-12-02}}</ref> [[Kingdom of Saudi Arabia\|Saudi Arabia]], [[Argentine Republic\|Argentina]], [[Arab Republic of Egypt\|Egypt]], [[Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia\|Ethiopia]], [[Islamic Republic of Iran\|Iran]], and the [[United Arab Emirates]] will be added as members in 2024. <ref name=":1">{{Web citation\|author=Joshua Ramos\|newspaper=Watcher.Guru\|title=Saudi Arabia, UAE & 4 Other Countries Officially Joining BRICS\|date=2023-08-24\|url=https://watcher.guru/news/saudi-arabia-uae-4-other-countries-officially-joining-brics\|retrieved=2023-08-24}}</ref>

	The BRICS have a combined area of 39,746,220 km<sup>2</sup> (15,346,100 sq mi) and an estimated total population of about 3.21 billion,<ref>{{Web citation\|author=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division\|newspaper=United Nations\|title=World Population Prospects 2019\|date=2019\|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617061145/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-date=2021-06-17\|retrieved=2021-06-17}}</ref> or about 26.7% of the world's land surface and 41.5% of the global population. Brazil, Russia, India, and China are among the world's ten largest countries by population, area, and GDP, and are widely considered to be current or emerging superpowers. All five states are members of the [[G20]], with a combined nominal GDP of US$26.6 trillion (about 26.2% of the [[gross world product]]), a total [[GDP (PPP)]] of around US$51.99 trillion (32.1% of global GDP PPP), and an estimated US$4.46 trillion in combined foreign reserves (as of 2018).<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report \|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects \|newspaper=IMF \|retrieved=19 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|title=Amid BRICS' rise and 'Arab Spring', a new global order forms \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020201828/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|archive-date=20 October 2011 \|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor \|date=18 October 2011 \|retrieved=20 October 2011 }}</ref>		The BRICS have a combined area of 39,746,220 km<sup>2</sup> (15,346,100 sq mi) and an estimated total population of about 3.21 billion,<ref>{{Web citation\|author=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division\|newspaper=United Nations\|title=World Population Prospects 2019\|date=2019\|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617061145/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-date=2021-06-17\|retrieved=2021-06-17}}</ref> or about 26.7% of the world's land surface and 41.5% of the global population. Brazil, Russia, India, and China are among the world's ten largest countries by population, area, and GDP, and are widely considered to be current or emerging superpowers. All five states are members of the [[G20]], with a combined nominal GDP of US$26.6 trillion (about 26.2% of the [[gross world product]]), a total [[GDP (PPP)]] of around US$51.99 trillion (32.1% of global GDP PPP), and an estimated US$4.46 trillion in combined foreign reserves (as of 2018).<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report \|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects \|newspaper=IMF \|retrieved=19 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|title=Amid BRICS' rise and 'Arab Spring', a new global order forms \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020201828/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|archive-date=20 October 2011 \|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor \|date=18 October 2011 \|retrieved=20 October 2011 }}</ref>
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	\| style="text-align:left;" \|'''Average'''\|\| [[File:Increase2.svg\|11x11px\|]]627,060.914\|\|8,119.9\|\|19,041\|\|[[File:Increase2.svg\|11x11px\|]]6.2%\|\|$800.574 bn\|\|$562.94 bn\|\|$446.68 bn\|\|93%\|\|71.2\|\|0.741 (high)		\| style="text-align:left;" \|'''Average'''\|\| [[File:Increase2.svg\|11x11px\|]]627,060.914\|\|8,119.9\|\|19,041\|\|[[File:Increase2.svg\|11x11px\|]]6.2%\|\|$800.574 bn\|\|$562.94 bn\|\|$446.68 bn\|\|93%\|\|71.2\|\|0.741 (high)
	\|}		\|}

			[[Kingdom of Saudi Arabia\|Saudi Arabia]], [[Argentine Republic\|Argentina]], [[Arab Republic of Egypt\|Egypt]], [[Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia\|Ethiopia]], [[Islamic Republic of Iran\|Iran]], and the [[United Arab Emirates]] have been accepted as members and will officially join on 1 January, 2024.<ref name=":1" />

	[[Bangladesh]], [[Egypt]], [[United Arab Emirates]] and [[Uruguay]] are members of BRICS [[New Development Bank]].		[[Bangladesh]], [[Egypt]], [[United Arab Emirates]] and [[Uruguay]] are members of BRICS [[New Development Bank]].

	Argentina's potential accession has been supported by China according to several sources.<ref>{{Web citation \| url=https://brazilian.report/liveblog/2022/05/12/argentina-invited-brics/ \|title=Argentina invited to BRICS Summit in May \| date=12 May 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|author=Parisa Hafezi, Guy Faulconbridge \|date=2022-06-28 \|title=Iran applies to join China and Russia in BRICS club \|language=en \|newspaper=[[Reuters]] \|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-applies-join-brics-group-emerging-countries-2022-06-27/ \|retrieved=2022-06-29}}</ref>		In addition, [[Algeria]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Indonesia]], [[Mexico]], [[Nigeria]], [[Pakistan]], [[Sudan]], [[Syria]], [[Turkey]], [[Venezuela]] and [[Zimbabwe]] have expressed interest in membership of BRICS.<ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://en.ria.ru/russia/20130427/180876832.html \|title=Syria Seeks to Join Shanghai Group, BRICS – Minister \|newspaper=RIA Novosti \|date=27 April 2013 \|retrieved=7 November 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108000726/http://en.ria.ru/russia/20130427/180876832.html \|archive-date=8 January 2014 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://oilprice.com/Geopolitics/International/Emerging-Markets-Rush-To-Join-BRICS-Alliance-As-High-Energy-Prices-Persist.html \|title=Emerging Markets Rush To Join BRICS Alliance As High Energy Prices Persist \|newspaper=Clarin \|date=21 August 2022 \|retrieved=21 August 2022 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://calrev.org/2019/04/30/french-soft-power-resetting-african-relations/ \|title=FRANCE RESETS AFRICAN RELATIONS: A POTENTIAL LESSON FOR PRESIDENT TRUMP \|author=Aaron Genin \|date=30 April 2019 \|newspaper=The California Review \|language=en-US \|retrieved=1 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|author=Nassima Dib \|date=July 31, 2022 \|title=Président Tebboune: l'Algérie satisfait en grande partie aux conditions d'adhésion aux BRICS \|language=French \|newspaper=[[Algeria Press Service]] \|url=https://www.aps.dz/economie/143407-president-tebboune-l-algerie-satisfait-en-grande-partie-aux-conditions-d-adhesion-aux-brics \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801040638/https://www.aps.dz/economie/143407-president-tebboune-l-algerie-satisfait-en-grande-partie-aux-conditions-d-adhesion-aux-brics \|archive-date=August 1, 2022}}</ref>

	In addition, [[Algeria]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Indonesia]], [[Mexico]], [[Nigeria~~]], [[Iran~~]], [[Pakistan~~]], [[Saudi Arabia~~]], [[Sudan]], [[Syria]], [[Turkey~~]], [[Egypt~~]], [[Venezuela]] and [[Zimbabwe]] have expressed interest in membership of BRICS.<ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://en.ria.ru/russia/20130427/180876832.html \|title=Syria Seeks to Join Shanghai Group, BRICS – Minister \|newspaper=RIA Novosti \|date=27 April 2013 \|retrieved=7 November 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108000726/http://en.ria.ru/russia/20130427/180876832.html \|archive-date=8 January 2014 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://oilprice.com/Geopolitics/International/Emerging-Markets-Rush-To-Join-BRICS-Alliance-As-High-Energy-Prices-Persist.html \|title=Emerging Markets Rush To Join BRICS Alliance As High Energy Prices Persist \|newspaper=Clarin \|date=21 August 2022 \|retrieved=21 August 2022 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://calrev.org/2019/04/30/french-soft-power-resetting-african-relations/ \|title=FRANCE RESETS AFRICAN RELATIONS: A POTENTIAL LESSON FOR PRESIDENT TRUMP \|author=Aaron Genin \|date=30 April 2019 \|newspaper=The California Review \|language=en-US \|retrieved=1 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|author=Nassima Dib \|date=July 31, 2022 \|title=Président Tebboune: l'Algérie satisfait en grande partie aux conditions d'adhésion aux BRICS \|language=French \|newspaper=[[Algeria Press Service]] \|url=https://www.aps.dz/economie/143407-president-tebboune-l-algerie-satisfait-en-grande-partie-aux-conditions-d-adhesion-aux-brics \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801040638/https://www.aps.dz/economie/143407-president-tebboune-l-algerie-satisfait-en-grande-partie-aux-conditions-d-adhesion-aux-brics \|archive-date=August 1, 2022}}</ref>

	==Financial architecture==		==Financial architecture==

Amicchan at 23:24, 11 April 2023

2023-04-11T23:24:15Z

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	In August 2019, the communications ministers of the BRICS countries signed a letter of intent to cooperate in the Information and Communication Technology sector. This agreement was signed in the fifth edition of meeting of communication ministers of countries member of the group<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/brics-countries-to-cooperate-in-ict-sector--1304946 \|title = BRICS countries to cooperate in ICT sector}}</ref> held in Brasília, Brazil.		In August 2019, the communications ministers of the BRICS countries signed a letter of intent to cooperate in the Information and Communication Technology sector. This agreement was signed in the fifth edition of meeting of communication ministers of countries member of the group<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/brics-countries-to-cooperate-in-ict-sector--1304946 \|title = BRICS countries to cooperate in ICT sector}}</ref> held in Brasília, Brazil.

	The [[New Development Bank]], located in China, plans on giving out $15 billion to member nation to help their struggling economies. Member countries are hoping for a smooth comeback and a continuation of economic trade pre-COVID-19. The summit they plan on doing virtually in St. Petersburg, Russia will discuss how to handle the COVID-19 pandemic and how to fix their multilateral system by reforms.<ref>{{Web ~~Citation~~ \|title=BRICS To Allocate $15 Billion For Rebuilding Economies Hit By COVID-19 \|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-brics-to-allocate-15-billion-for-rebuilding-economies-hit-by-covid-19-2220046 \|retrieved=20 October 2020 \|newspaper=NDTV.com}}</ref> The COVID-19 accepting rate of taking the vaccine is a mixture in the BRICS community. China, India, and South Africa are the most willing to take the vaccine while Brazil and Russia have more skepticism than the other three.<ref>{{Web citation \|date=20 October 2020 \|title=What do people in BRICS countries think about a COVID-19 vaccine? \|url=https://www.devex.com/news/sponsored/what-do-people-in-brics-countries-think-about-a-covid-19-vaccine-98356 \|retrieved=25 October 2020 \|newspaper=Devex}}</ref> During the 13th BRICS summit, Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] called for a transparent investigation into the origins of COVID-19 under the [[World Health Organization]] with the full cooperation of "all countries", and Chinese president Xi Jinping spoke directly afterwards, calling on BRICS countries to "oppose politicisation" of the process.<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-china-avoided-open-clash-over-origins-of-covid-19-virus/article36479981.ece \|title=India, China avoided open clash over COVID-19 origins \|newspaper=The Hindu \|date=15 September 2021 \|author=Suhasini Haidar, Ananth Krishnan}}</ref>		The [[New Development Bank]], located in China, plans on giving out $15 billion to member nation to help their struggling economies. Member countries are hoping for a smooth comeback and a continuation of economic trade pre-COVID-19. The summit they plan on doing virtually in St. Petersburg, Russia will discuss how to handle the COVID-19 pandemic and how to fix their multilateral system by reforms.<ref>{{Web citation \|title=BRICS To Allocate $15 Billion For Rebuilding Economies Hit By COVID-19 \|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-brics-to-allocate-15-billion-for-rebuilding-economies-hit-by-covid-19-2220046 \|retrieved=20 October 2020 \|newspaper=NDTV.com}}</ref> The COVID-19 accepting rate of taking the vaccine is a mixture in the BRICS community. China, India, and South Africa are the most willing to take the vaccine while Brazil and Russia have more skepticism than the other three.<ref>{{Web citation \|date=20 October 2020 \|title=What do people in BRICS countries think about a COVID-19 vaccine? \|url=https://www.devex.com/news/sponsored/what-do-people-in-brics-countries-think-about-a-covid-19-vaccine-98356 \|retrieved=25 October 2020 \|newspaper=Devex}}</ref> During the 13th BRICS summit, Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] called for a transparent investigation into the origins of COVID-19 under the [[World Health Organization]] with the full cooperation of "all countries", and Chinese president Xi Jinping spoke directly afterwards, calling on BRICS countries to "oppose politicisation" of the process.<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-china-avoided-open-clash-over-origins-of-covid-19-virus/article36479981.ece \|title=India, China avoided open clash over COVID-19 origins \|newspaper=The Hindu \|date=15 September 2021 \|author=Suhasini Haidar, Ananth Krishnan}}</ref>

	==Summits==		==Summits==

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:51, 23 November 2024
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	The BRICS have a combined area of 39,746,220 km<sup>2</sup> (15,346,100 sq mi) and an estimated total population of about 3.21 billion,<ref>{{Web citation\|author=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division\|newspaper=United Nations\|title=World Population Prospects 2019\|date=2019\|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617061145/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-date=2021-06-17\|retrieved=2021-06-17}}</ref> or about 26.7% of the world's land surface and 41.5% of the global population. Brazil, Russia, India, and China are among the world's ten largest countries by population, area, and GDP, and are widely considered to be current or emerging superpowers. All five states are members of the [[G20]], with a combined nominal GDP of US$26.6 trillion (about 26.2% of the [[gross world product]]), a total [[GDP (PPP)]] of around US$51.99 trillion (32.1% of global GDP PPP), and an estimated US$4.46 trillion in combined foreign reserves (as of 2018).<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report \|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects \|newspaper=IMF \|retrieved=19 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|title=Amid BRICS' rise and 'Arab Spring', a new global order forms \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020201828/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|archive-date=20 October 2011 \|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor \|date=18 October 2011 \|retrieved=20 October 2011 }}</ref>		The BRICS have a combined area of 39,746,220 km<sup>2</sup> (15,346,100 sq mi) and an estimated total population of about 3.21 billion,<ref>{{Web citation\|author=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division\|newspaper=United Nations\|title=World Population Prospects 2019\|date=2019\|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617061145/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx\|archive-date=2021-06-17\|retrieved=2021-06-17}}</ref> or about 26.7% of the world's land surface and 41.5% of the global population. Brazil, Russia, India, and China are among the world's ten largest countries by population, area, and GDP, and are widely considered to be current or emerging superpowers. All five states are members of the [[G20]], with a combined nominal GDP of US$26.6 trillion (about 26.2% of the [[gross world product]]), a total [[GDP (PPP)]] of around US$51.99 trillion (32.1% of global GDP PPP), and an estimated US$4.46 trillion in combined foreign reserves (as of 2018).<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report \|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects \|newspaper=IMF \|retrieved=19 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|title=Amid BRICS' rise and 'Arab Spring', a new global order forms \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020201828/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2011/1018/Amid-BRICS-rise-and-Arab-Spring-a-new-global-order-forms \|archive-date=20 October 2011 \|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor \|date=18 October 2011 \|retrieved=20 October 2011 }}</ref>

	The BRICS were originally identified for the purpose of highlighting investment opportunities, and had not been a formal [[intergovernmental organization]].<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-08/goldman-s-bric-era-ends-as-fund-closes-after-years-of-losses \|title=Goldman's BRIC Era Ends as Fund Folds After Years of Losses \|newspaper=[[Bloomberg]]}}</ref> Since 2009, they have increasingly formed into a more cohesive geopolitical bloc, with their governments meeting annually at formal summits and coordinating multilateral policies;<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tilak Doshi \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/ \|title=BRICS In The New World Energy Order: Hedging In Oil Geopolitics \|newspaper=[[Forbes]] \|retrieved=2022-11-10 }}</ref> ~~China~~ hosted the most recent ~~14th~~ BRICS summit on 24 ~~July 2022~~. Bilateral relations among the BRICS are conducted mainly on the basis of noninterference, equality, and mutual benefit.<ref>{{Web citation \| author=Gutemberg Pacheco Lopes Junior \|url=https://repository.law.wisc.edu/s/uwlaw/media/21534 \|title=The Sino-Brazilian Principles in a Latin American and BRICS Context: The Case for Comparative Public Budgeting Legal Research \|newspaper=Wisconsin International Law Journal; \|date=13 May 2015 }}</ref>		The BRICS were originally identified for the purpose of highlighting investment opportunities, and had not been a formal [[intergovernmental organization]].<ref>{{Web citation \|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-08/goldman-s-bric-era-ends-as-fund-closes-after-years-of-losses \|title=Goldman's BRIC Era Ends as Fund Folds After Years of Losses \|newspaper=[[Bloomberg]]}}</ref> Since 2009, they have increasingly formed into a more cohesive geopolitical bloc, with their governments meeting annually at formal summits and coordinating multilateral policies;<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tilak Doshi \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/ \|title=BRICS In The New World Energy Order: Hedging In Oil Geopolitics \|newspaper=[[Forbes]] \|retrieved=2022-11-10 }}</ref> Russia hosted the most recent 16th BRICS summit between October 22-24, 2024. Bilateral relations among the BRICS are conducted mainly on the basis of noninterference, equality, and mutual benefit.<ref>{{Web citation \| author=Gutemberg Pacheco Lopes Junior \|url=https://repository.law.wisc.edu/s/uwlaw/media/21534 \|title=The Sino-Brazilian Principles in a Latin American and BRICS Context: The Case for Comparative Public Budgeting Legal Research \|newspaper=Wisconsin International Law Journal; \|date=13 May 2015 }}</ref>

	The BRICS are considered the foremost rival to the [[G7\|G7 bloc]] of leading advanced economies,<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tilak Doshi \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/ \|title=BRICS In The New World Energy Order: Hedging In Oil Geopolitics \|newspaper=[[Forbes]] \|retrieved=2022-10-11\|date=2022-07-21\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104134110/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/?sh=2a23c8d924bf\|archive-date=2023-01-04}}</ref> announcing competing initiatives such as the New Development Bank, Contingent Reserve Arrangement, BRICS payment system, and BRICS basket reserve currency. Since 2022, the group has sought to expand membership, with several developing countries expressing interest in joining.<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tom O'Connor \|date=2022-10-07 \|url=https://www.newsweek.com/brazil-russia-india-china-south-africa-brics-bloc-grows-us-left-out-1757643 \|title=Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa BRICS bloc grows with U.S. left out\|newspaper=Newsweek\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203151125/https://www.newsweek.com/brazil-russia-india-china-south-africa-brics-bloc-grows-us-left-out-1757643\|archive-date=2023-02-03}}</ref> The BRICS have received praise from numerous commentators.<ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=168422 \|title=Brics a force for world peace, says China \|date=8 August 2012 \|archive-url= \|retrieved=2013-11-09 \|newspaper=BusinessDay\|archive-date=22 April 2013}}</ref>		The BRICS are considered the foremost rival to the [[G7\|G7 bloc]] of leading advanced economies,<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tilak Doshi \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/ \|title=BRICS In The New World Energy Order: Hedging In Oil Geopolitics \|newspaper=[[Forbes]] \|retrieved=2022-10-11\|date=2022-07-21\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104134110/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tilakdoshi/2022/07/21/brics-in-the-new-world-energy-order-hedging-in-oil-geopolitics/?sh=2a23c8d924bf\|archive-date=2023-01-04}}</ref> announcing competing initiatives such as the New Development Bank, Contingent Reserve Arrangement, BRICS payment system, and BRICS basket reserve currency. Since 2022, the group has sought to expand membership, with several developing countries expressing interest in joining.<ref>{{Web citation \|author=Tom O'Connor \|date=2022-10-07 \|url=https://www.newsweek.com/brazil-russia-india-china-south-africa-brics-bloc-grows-us-left-out-1757643 \|title=Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa BRICS bloc grows with U.S. left out\|newspaper=Newsweek\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203151125/https://www.newsweek.com/brazil-russia-india-china-south-africa-brics-bloc-grows-us-left-out-1757643\|archive-date=2023-02-03}}</ref> The BRICS have received praise from numerous commentators.<ref>{{Web citation \|url=http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=168422 \|title=Brics a force for world peace, says China \|date=8 August 2012 \|archive-url= \|retrieved=2013-11-09 \|newspaper=BusinessDay\|archive-date=22 April 2013}}</ref>