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'''Manufacturing''' was a relation of production that existed during the transition from [[feudalism]] to [[capitalism]]. Manufacturing workers were a transition between the independent craftsmen of the Middle Ages and the [[Proletariat|proletarians]] of capitalism. Unlike proletarians, they owned their own [[means of production]] but were still paid in [[Wage|wages]].<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Friedrich Engels]]|year=1847|title=The Principles of Communism|mia=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm}}</ref>

Manufactories emerged in [[Florentine Republic|Florence]] and other [[Italy|Italian]] states in the 14th and 15th centuries. They spread to the rest of Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries. In [[Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721)|Russia]], they usually used [[Serfdom|serf]] labour instead of wage labour until the late 18th century.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=Economics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R|year=1954|title=Political Economy|chapter=The Feudal Mode of Production|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/subject/economy/authors/pe/pe-ch03.htm|section=|page=|pdf=https://revolutionarydemocracy.org/archive/PoliticalEconomy.pdf|city=London|publisher=Lawrence & Wishart|mia=https://www.marxists.org/subject/economy/authors/pe/index.htm}}</ref>

== References ==
[[Category:Feudalism]]

Manufacturing - Revision history

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