Multipolarity - Revision history

SeventyTwoTrillion: Added detail in the "Efforts towards multipolarity" section; altered some sentence structure.

2023-10-06T17:34:43Z

Added detail in the "Efforts towards multipolarity" section; altered some sentence structure.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:34, 6 October 2023
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	=== Efforts towards multipolarity ===		=== Efforts towards multipolarity ===
			The rise of multipolarity is creating blocs which primarily differ in terms of state philosophies towards governance, foreign policy, and economics. The bloc opposing the United States and its Western allies, led by China, is generally aligning to resolve the primary [[contradiction]] in global politics - imperialism, and the exploitation of the resources of developing countries. Meanwhile, the Western bloc is attempting to maintain the primary contradiction for their own interests.

			Trade between blocs has grown 5-6% more slowly than trade within blocs since the beginning of the [[2022 Russo-Ukrainian conflict]].<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=World Trade Organization\|title=World Trade Report 2023 - Re-globalization for a secure, inclusive and sustainable future\|date=2023\|url=https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/publications_e/wtr23_e.htm\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/kFIEm\|archive-date=2023-10-06\|retrieved=2023-10-06}}</ref>

	==== De-dollarization ====		==== De-dollarization ====
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	=== Response from the imperialist hegemon ===		=== Response from the imperialist hegemon ===
	~~Imperialism being~~ the highest stage of capitalism, the ~~USA~~ is of course ~~its~~ fiercest proponent ~~and example~~. Losing its status as the prime imperial power would mean the end of the American way of life for its bourgeoisie, ~~and as such~~ they try everything they can, often with disastrous results, to maintain ~~a unipolar world~~.		As imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism, the United States is, of course, the fiercest proponent of an America-dominated unipolar world. Losing its status as the prime imperial power would mean the end of the American way of life for its bourgeoisie. As such, they try everything they can - often with disastrous results - to restore, and maintain, their unipolarity.

	==== Military actions ====		==== Military actions ====

SeventyTwoTrillion: I have altered the page layout, creating a Multipolar section to go with the pre-existing Unipolar section, and adding some preliminary detail which I shall expand on in the near future. Also added various subsections to both Unipolar and Multipolar. I have also added a year timespan to both titles, saying that Unipolarity reigned from 1991 to 2022, and Multipolarity has reigned since 2022 to the present day; the start and end dates are obviously debatable so I welcome alterations.

2023-10-05T20:54:44Z

I have altered the page layout, creating a Multipolar section to go with the pre-existing Unipolar section, and adding some preliminary detail which I shall expand on in the near future. Also added various subsections to both Unipolar and Multipolar. I have also added a year timespan to both titles, saying that Unipolarity reigned from 1991 to 2022, and Multipolarity has reigned since 2022 to the present day; the start and end dates are obviously debatable so I welcome alterations.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:54, 5 October 2023
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	The Soviet Union was able to compete in some ways with the hegemony of the United States, but stretched their resources thin trying to combat the bigger power everywhere, which left them open for [[Colour revolution\|colour revolutions]] in their later years, ultimately leading to a coup to overthrow the Soviet government and install a pro-West capitalist puppet in their place.		The Soviet Union was able to compete in some ways with the hegemony of the United States, but stretched their resources thin trying to combat the bigger power everywhere, which left them open for [[Colour revolution\|colour revolutions]] in their later years, ultimately leading to a coup to overthrow the Soviet government and install a pro-West capitalist puppet in their place.

	== Unipolar world ==		== Unipolar world (1991 - 2022) ==
	After the [[overthrow of the Soviet Union]] in 1991 and the subsequent humanitarian crisis, the USA came about as the world's hegemon -- they essentially enjoyed being above [[international law]], dictating law and government to other countries, circulating trade back to their own economy, etc.		After the [[overthrow of the Soviet Union]] in 1991 and the subsequent humanitarian crisis, the USA came about as the world's hegemon -- they essentially enjoyed being above [[international law]], dictating law and government to other countries, circulating trade back to their own economy, etc.

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	Coupled with the end of the US Empire that is happening at this moment, we are seeing the end of a unipolar world and are already in the beginnings of a multipolar world where both China and the USA form competing hegemonies.		Coupled with the end of the US Empire that is happening at this moment, we are seeing the end of a unipolar world and are already in the beginnings of a multipolar world where both China and the USA form competing hegemonies.

			== Multipolar world (2022 - today) ==

			=== Efforts towards multipolarity ===

			==== De-dollarization ====
			Much of the world's trading and investment uses the US dollar as a [[reserve currency]], which gives the United States tremendous control over financial transactions. China, Russia, India, Brazil, and the UAE are increasingly using their local currencies in bilateral transactions, as opposed to, for the time being at least, attempting to create a new single reserve currency.

			See: [[De-dollarization]].

			==== Development ====
			The United States has purposefully underdeveloped the Global South to ensure that their economic development does not create competition for their [[Monopoly capitalism\|monopolies]]. What little development does occur is typically to allow exploitation of resources to be made more efficient, such as roads linking mines to ports.

			In contrast, China has been financing the construction of infrastructure projects throughout Eurasia, Africa, and South America through the Belt and Road Initiative. The BRICS [[New Development Bank]] also funds projects.

			==== Debt ====
			The US uses financial institutions like the [[International Monetary Fund\|IMF]] and [[The World Bank\|World Bank]] to keep developing countries in crippling debt, forcing them to take loans that then need to be repaid. These loan repayments require so much money from developing countries that they have trouble funding their own development projects, and need to continue to export products to attempt to pay the loans back.

	=== Response from the imperialist hegemon ===		=== Response from the imperialist hegemon ===
	Imperialism being the highest stage of capitalism, the USA is of course its fiercest proponent and example. Losing its status as the prime imperial power would mean the end of the American way of life for its bourgeoisie, and as such they try everything they can, often with disastrous results, to maintain a unipolar world.		Imperialism being the highest stage of capitalism, the USA is of course its fiercest proponent and example. Losing its status as the prime imperial power would mean the end of the American way of life for its bourgeoisie, and as such they try everything they can, often with disastrous results, to maintain a unipolar world.

			==== Military actions ====
	In January 2020, the United States illegally killed [[Islamic Republic of Iran\|Iranian]] General [[Qasem Soleimani]] in a drone strike,<ref>{{News citation\|date=2020-07-09\|title=Qasem Soleimani: US strike on Iran general was unlawful, UN expert says\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53345885\|newspaper=BBC}}</ref> after which Iran retorted with a missile strike on two US airbases in [[Republic of Iraq\|Iraq]].<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Erdogan Cagatay Zontur, Servet Günerigök\|date=2020-01-08\|title=Iran hits Iraqi military bases housing US troops\|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/iran-hits-iraqi-military-bases-housing-us-troops/1695644#\|newspaper=Anadolu Agency}}</ref>		In January 2020, the United States illegally killed [[Islamic Republic of Iran\|Iranian]] General [[Qasem Soleimani]] in a drone strike,<ref>{{News citation\|date=2020-07-09\|title=Qasem Soleimani: US strike on Iran general was unlawful, UN expert says\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53345885\|newspaper=BBC}}</ref> after which Iran retorted with a missile strike on two US airbases in [[Republic of Iraq\|Iraq]].<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Erdogan Cagatay Zontur, Servet Günerigök\|date=2020-01-08\|title=Iran hits Iraqi military bases housing US troops\|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/iran-hits-iraqi-military-bases-housing-us-troops/1695644#\|newspaper=Anadolu Agency}}</ref>

	In 2021, the US Congress voted the [[Strategic Competition Act of 2021]]<ref>{{News citation~~\|journalist=US Congress~~\|title=S.1169 - Strategic Competition Act of 2021\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/JaL8I}}</ref> that would give 300 million dollars a year to, notably, "develop and implement a plan for increasing the U.S. presence in the Indo-Pacific region" and "authorize various foreign military financing and diplomatic activities in Southeast Asia and the Indo-Pacific region" a clear admission of regime change operations to come.		In 2021, the US Congress voted the [[Strategic Competition Act of 2021]]<ref>{{News citation\|title=S.1169 - Strategic Competition Act of 2021\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/JaL8I\|journalist=US Congress}}</ref> that would give 300 million dollars a year to, notably, "develop and implement a plan for increasing the U.S. presence in the Indo-Pacific region" and "authorize various foreign military financing and diplomatic activities in Southeast Asia and the Indo-Pacific region" a clear admission of regime change operations to come.

	~~Around~~ the ~~same time~~, ~~it was revealed by The Herald that~~ the United States was ~~offering 1000 dollars per article~~ in ~~African newspapers that disparaged and lied about China and their investments on the continent.~~<ref>{{News citation\|date=~~2021~~-09-~~21\|title=US plan to discredit Chinese investments unmasked~~\|url=https://www.~~herald~~.~~co.zw~~/us-~~plan~~-to-~~discredit~~-~~chinese~~-~~investments~~-~~unmasked~~/\|newspaper=~~The Herald~~\|~~archive~~-url=https://~~archive~~.ph/~~HrDgm~~\|~~archive-date~~=~~2021-11-14~~}}</ref>		==== Sanctions ====
			In 2022, following the [[2022 Russo-Ukranian conflict\|Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the United States was the first to propose sanctions on [[Russian Federation\|Russia]] which were quickly adopted by their lapdogs in Europe<ref>{{News citation\|newspaper=Al Jazeera\|title=List of sanctions against Russia after it invaded Ukraine\|date=2022-03-03\|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/25/list-of-sanctions-on-russia-after-invasion}}</ref>. As the world still relies on oil (whether Russian or not), this quickly led to price [[inflation]] and the United States is now asking for [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela\|Venezuelan]] oil<ref>{{News citation\|newspaper=New York Times\|title=U.S. Officials Travel to Venezuela, a Russia Ally, as the West Isolates Putin\|date=2022-03-05\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/05/world/americas/venezuela-russia-usa.html\|journalist=Anatoly Kurmanaev, Natalie Kitroeff, Kenneth P. Vogel}}</ref> despite having tried to coup [[Nicolás Maduro]] in favour of [[Juan Guaidó]].

	~~In 2022~~, ~~following~~ the ~~[[2022 Russo-Ukranian conflict\|Russian invasion of Ukraine]]~~, the ~~United States~~ was ~~the first to propose sanctions on~~ [[~~Russian Federation~~\|~~Russia~~]] ~~which were quickly adopted by their lapdogs~~ in ~~Europe<ref>{{News citation\|date=2022-03-03\|title=List of sanctions against~~ Russia ~~after it invaded Ukraine\|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/25/list-~~of~~-sanctions-on-russia-after-invasion\|newspaper=Al Jazeera}}</ref>. As~~ the ~~world still relies on oil (whether Russian or not~~)~~, this quickly led to price~~ [[~~inflation~~]] and the ~~United States is now asking~~ for ~~[[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela\|Venezuelan]] oil<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Anatoly Kurmanaev~~, ~~Natalie Kitroeff, Kenneth P. Vogel\|date=2022-03-05\|title=U.S. Officials Travel~~ to Venezuela, a Russia Ally, as the West Isolates Putin\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/05/world/americas/venezuela-russia-usa.html\|newspaper=New York Times}}</ref> despite having tried to coup [[Nicolás Maduro]] in favour of [[Juan Guaidó]].		Moreover, due to the sanctions on the SWIFT system (essentially banning Russia from global trade), Russia traded oil in Yuan for the first time, and was shortly followed by [[Kingdom of Saudi Arabia\|Saudi Arabia]]. Essentially, countries in the same situation as Russia (powerful but on the periphery of the imperialist hegemon) have received a signal that going against [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization\|NATO]]'s wishes would get their economy crippled and their government possibly toppled, and thus they are moving closer to China (joining the CIPS system for example, an alternative to SWIFT) for their own security.

	~~Moreover~~, ~~due to~~ the ~~sanctions on the SWIFT system (essentially banning Russia from global trade), Russia traded oil~~ in ~~Yuan for the first time,~~ and ~~was shortly followed by [[Kingdom of Saudi Arabia\|Saudi Arabia]]. Essentially, countries in the same situation as Russia (powerful but~~ on the ~~periphery of the imperialist hegemon) have received a signal that going against [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization~~\|~~NATO]]'s wishes would get their economy crippled and their government possibly toppled, and thus they are moving closer~~ to ~~China (joining the CIPS system for example, an alternative~~ to ~~SWIFT) for their own security~~.		==== Propaganda ====
			In 2021, it was revealed by The Herald that the United States was offering 1000 dollars per article in African newspapers that disparaged and lied about China and their investments on the continent.<ref>{{News citation\|date=2021-09-21\|title=US plan to discredit Chinese investments unmasked\|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/us-plan-to-discredit-chinese-investments-unmasked/\|newspaper=The Herald\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/HrDgm\|archive-date=2021-11-14}}</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==

GojiraTheWumao: Undo revision 52448 by RedArcher9 (talk)

2023-07-11T07:43:34Z

Undo revision 52448 by RedArcher9 (talk)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Multipolarity''' (from Latin ''multus'', many and ''polarity'', poles) is a revisionist pipe-dream which calls for the expansion of imperialist war (but only when done by Eastern imperialist powers such as Russia and China) and empowerment of the Russo-Chinese bourgeoisie.
+[[File:UN resolution A-77-445.png|thumb|[[United Nations|UN]] General Assembly resolution A/77/445 advocated for an end to the unipolar world order.]]
-[[Revisionism|"Multipolarists" seek a Third World War in order to create enough death and misery in Europe and North America so as to empower the Russian ruling class. Then, after Russia has seized control of Europe.... uh.... they somehow become ''not'' imperialist and decide to allow socialism to exist... because... reasons?]]
+A multipolar world has existed has various times in history, but after the [[Second World War]], the [[United States of America]] cemented its position as the sole power of the world (sometimes in concurrence with the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|USSR]]). Starting in the late 2010s however, that position has been challenged by [[People's Republic of China|China]], which is why the concept of multipolarity has entered the discourse recently.
 == References ==

RedArcher9: Removed social-imperialist propaganda.

2023-07-11T05:49:42Z

Removed social-imperialist propaganda.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:UN resolution A-77-445.png|thumb|[[United Nations|UN]] General Assembly resolution A/77/445 advocated for an end to the unipolar world order.]]
+'''Multipolarity''' (from Latin ''multus'', many and ''polarity'', poles) is a revisionist pipe-dream which calls for the expansion of imperialist war (but only when done by Eastern imperialist powers such as Russia and China) and empowerment of the Russo-Chinese bourgeoisie.
-A multipolar world has existed has various times in history, but after the [[Second World War]], the [[United States of America]] cemented its position as the sole power of the world (sometimes in concurrence with the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|USSR]]). Starting in the late 2010s however, that position has been challenged by [[People's Republic of China|China]], which is why the concept of multipolarity has entered the discourse recently.
+[[Revisionism|"Multipolarists" seek a Third World War in order to create enough death and misery in Europe and North America so as to empower the Russian ruling class. Then, after Russia has seized control of Europe.... uh.... they somehow become ''not'' imperialist and decide to allow socialism to exist... because... reasons?]]
 == References ==

Ledlecreeper27: Poll

2023-02-25T22:34:48Z

Poll

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:34, 25 February 2023
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	[[File:UN resolution A-77-445.png\|thumb\|[[United Nations\|UN]] General Assembly resolution A/77/445 advocated for an end to the unipolar world order.]]		[[File:UN resolution A-77-445.png\|thumb\|[[United Nations\|UN]] General Assembly resolution A/77/445 advocated for an end to the unipolar world order.]]
			[[File:Multipolarity poll.png\|thumb\|People from the [[United States of America\|USA]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\|UK]], [[European Union\|Western Europe]], [[Russian Federation\|Russia]], [[People's Republic of China\|China]], and [[Republic of Turkey\|Turkey]] expect a multipolar world by 2033 while [[Republic of India\|Indians]] expect U.S. dominance to continue.]]
	'''Multipolarity''' (from Latin ''multus'', many and ''polarity'', poles) is a term that describes, in politics, a situation where there are more than three so-called world powers existing concurrently.		'''Multipolarity''' (from Latin ''multus'', many and ''polarity'', poles) is a term that describes, in politics, a situation where there are more than three so-called world powers existing concurrently.

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	Polarity should not be limited solely to economical powers but generally as influence. [[Japan]], for example, was the second global economy in terms of GDP after the fall of the Soviet Union, but as they were in the sphere of influence of the United States, they did not form a bloc against their influence and thus were not competing, but working alongside them.		Polarity should not be limited solely to economical powers but generally as influence. [[Japan]], for example, was the second global economy in terms of GDP after the fall of the Soviet Union, but as they were in the sphere of influence of the United States, they did not form a bloc against their influence and thus were not competing, but working alongside them.

	The polarity of [[global politics]] can be understood [[Dialectics\|dialectically]], but is not solely a [[Marxism\|~~marxist~~]] concept and does not necessarily refer to an [[Imperialism\|imperialist]] world order.		The polarity of [[global politics]] can be understood [[Dialectics\|dialectically]], but is not solely a [[Marxism\|Marxist]] concept and does not necessarily refer to an [[Imperialism\|imperialist]] world order.

	== History ==		== History ==
	While ~~multipolarism~~ has existed at various times in history and even in close geographical regions (for example, in the 17th century, European colonial powers such as [[France]], [[Spain]] or [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\|Great Britain]] were competing as regional powers in the Americas), a multipolar world has not existed since the 20th century, where global trade and information make unipolar hegemony all the more impactful.		While multipolarity has existed at various times in history and even in close geographical regions (for example, in the 17th century, European colonial powers such as [[France]], [[Spain]] or [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\|Great Britain]] were competing as regional powers in the Americas), a multipolar world has not existed since the 20th century, where global trade and information make unipolar hegemony all the more impactful.

	After the Second World War, the United States of America came about as the unipolar [[Hegemony\|hegemon]], sometimes contested by the USSR in a bipolar world.		After the Second World War, the United States of America came about as the unipolar [[Hegemony\|hegemon]], sometimes contested by the USSR in a bipolar world.

Ledlecreeper27 at 21:02, 22 December 2022

2022-12-22T21:02:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:02, 22 December 2022
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			[[File:UN resolution A-77-445.png\|thumb\|[[United Nations\|UN]] General Assembly resolution A/77/445 advocated for an end to the unipolar world order.]]
	'''Multipolarity''' (from Latin ''multus'', many and ''polarity'', poles) is a term that describes, in politics, a situation where there are more than three so-called world powers existing concurrently.		'''Multipolarity''' (from Latin ''multus'', many and ''polarity'', poles) is a term that describes, in politics, a situation where there are more than three so-called world powers existing concurrently.

Ledlecreeper27 at 22:36, 29 October 2022

2022-10-29T22:36:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:36, 29 October 2022
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	== History ==		== History ==
	While multipolarism has existed at various times in history and even in close geographical regions (for example, in the 17th century, European colonial powers such as [[France]], [[Spain]] or [[Great-Britain]] were competing as regional powers in the Americas), a multipolar world has not existed since the 20th century, where global trade and information make unipolar hegemony all the more impactful.		While multipolarism has existed at various times in history and even in close geographical regions (for example, in the 17th century, European colonial powers such as [[France]], [[Spain]] or [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\|Great Britain]] were competing as regional powers in the Americas), a multipolar world has not existed since the 20th century, where global trade and information make unipolar hegemony all the more impactful.

	After the Second World War, the United States of America came about as the unipolar [[Hegemony\|hegemon]], sometimes contested by the USSR in a bipolar world.		After the Second World War, the United States of America came about as the unipolar [[Hegemony\|hegemon]], sometimes contested by the USSR in a bipolar world.
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	Imperialism being the highest stage of capitalism, the USA is of course its fiercest proponent and example. Losing its status as the prime imperial power would mean the end of the American way of life for its bourgeoisie, and as such they try everything they can, often with disastrous results, to maintain a unipolar world.		Imperialism being the highest stage of capitalism, the USA is of course its fiercest proponent and example. Losing its status as the prime imperial power would mean the end of the American way of life for its bourgeoisie, and as such they try everything they can, often with disastrous results, to maintain a unipolar world.

	In January 2020, the United States illegally killed [[Islamic Republic of Iran\|Iranian]] General [[~~Quasem~~ Soleimani]] in a drone strike,<ref>{{News citation\|date=2020-07-09\|title=Qasem Soleimani: US strike on Iran general was unlawful, UN expert says\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53345885\|newspaper=BBC}}</ref> after which Iran retorted with a missile strike on two US airbases in [[Republic of Iraq\|Iraq]].<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Erdogan Cagatay Zontur, Servet Günerigök\|date=2020-01-08\|title=Iran hits Iraqi military bases housing US troops\|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/iran-hits-iraqi-military-bases-housing-us-troops/1695644#\|newspaper=Anadolu Agency}}</ref>		In January 2020, the United States illegally killed [[Islamic Republic of Iran\|Iranian]] General [[Qasem Soleimani]] in a drone strike,<ref>{{News citation\|date=2020-07-09\|title=Qasem Soleimani: US strike on Iran general was unlawful, UN expert says\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53345885\|newspaper=BBC}}</ref> after which Iran retorted with a missile strike on two US airbases in [[Republic of Iraq\|Iraq]].<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Erdogan Cagatay Zontur, Servet Günerigök\|date=2020-01-08\|title=Iran hits Iraqi military bases housing US troops\|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/iran-hits-iraqi-military-bases-housing-us-troops/1695644#\|newspaper=Anadolu Agency}}</ref>

	In 2021, the US Congress voted the [[Strategic Competition Act of 2021]]<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=US Congress\|title=S.1169 - Strategic Competition Act of 2021\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/JaL8I}}</ref> that would give 300 million dollars a year to, notably, "develop and implement a plan for increasing the U.S. presence in the Indo-Pacific region" and "authorize various foreign military financing and diplomatic activities in Southeast Asia and the Indo-Pacific region" a clear admission of regime change operations to come.		In 2021, the US Congress voted the [[Strategic Competition Act of 2021]]<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=US Congress\|title=S.1169 - Strategic Competition Act of 2021\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/JaL8I}}</ref> that would give 300 million dollars a year to, notably, "develop and implement a plan for increasing the U.S. presence in the Indo-Pacific region" and "authorize various foreign military financing and diplomatic activities in Southeast Asia and the Indo-Pacific region" a clear admission of regime change operations to come.
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	Around the same time, it was revealed by The Herald that the United States was offering 1000 dollars per article in African newspapers that disparaged and lied about China and their investments on the continent.<ref>{{News citation\|date=2021-09-21\|title=US plan to discredit Chinese investments unmasked\|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/us-plan-to-discredit-chinese-investments-unmasked/\|newspaper=The Herald\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/HrDgm\|archive-date=2021-11-14}}</ref>		Around the same time, it was revealed by The Herald that the United States was offering 1000 dollars per article in African newspapers that disparaged and lied about China and their investments on the continent.<ref>{{News citation\|date=2021-09-21\|title=US plan to discredit Chinese investments unmasked\|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/us-plan-to-discredit-chinese-investments-unmasked/\|newspaper=The Herald\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/HrDgm\|archive-date=2021-11-14}}</ref>

	In 2022, following the [[2022 Russo-Ukranian conflict\|Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the United States was the first to propose sanctions on Russia which were quickly adopted by their lapdogs in Europe<ref>{{News citation\|date=2022-03-03\|title=List of sanctions against Russia after it invaded Ukraine\|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/25/list-of-sanctions-on-russia-after-invasion\|newspaper=Al Jazeera}}</ref>. As the world still relies on oil (whether Russian or not), this quickly led to price [[inflation]] and the United States is now asking for Venezuelan oil<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Anatoly Kurmanaev, Natalie Kitroeff, Kenneth P. Vogel\|date=2022-03-05\|title=U.S. Officials Travel to Venezuela, a Russia Ally, as the West Isolates Putin\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/05/world/americas/venezuela-russia-usa.html\|newspaper=New York Times}}</ref> despite having tried to coup [[Nicolás Maduro]] in favour of [[Juan Guaidó]].		In 2022, following the [[2022 Russo-Ukranian conflict\|Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the United States was the first to propose sanctions on [[Russian Federation\|Russia]] which were quickly adopted by their lapdogs in Europe<ref>{{News citation\|date=2022-03-03\|title=List of sanctions against Russia after it invaded Ukraine\|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/25/list-of-sanctions-on-russia-after-invasion\|newspaper=Al Jazeera}}</ref>. As the world still relies on oil (whether Russian or not), this quickly led to price [[inflation]] and the United States is now asking for [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela\|Venezuelan]] oil<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Anatoly Kurmanaev, Natalie Kitroeff, Kenneth P. Vogel\|date=2022-03-05\|title=U.S. Officials Travel to Venezuela, a Russia Ally, as the West Isolates Putin\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/05/world/americas/venezuela-russia-usa.html\|newspaper=New York Times}}</ref> despite having tried to coup [[Nicolás Maduro]] in favour of [[Juan Guaidó]].

	Moreover, due to the sanctions on the SWIFT system (essentially banning Russia from global trade), Russia traded oil in Yuan for the first time, and was shortly followed by Saudi Arabia. Essentially, countries in the same situation as Russia (powerful but on the periphery of the imperialist hegemon) have received a signal that going against [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization\|NATO]]'s wishes would get their economy crippled and their government possibly toppled, and thus they are moving closer to China (joining the CIPS system for example, an alternative to SWIFT) for their own security.		Moreover, due to the sanctions on the SWIFT system (essentially banning Russia from global trade), Russia traded oil in Yuan for the first time, and was shortly followed by [[Kingdom of Saudi Arabia\|Saudi Arabia]]. Essentially, countries in the same situation as Russia (powerful but on the periphery of the imperialist hegemon) have received a signal that going against [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization\|NATO]]'s wishes would get their economy crippled and their government possibly toppled, and thus they are moving closer to China (joining the CIPS system for example, an alternative to SWIFT) for their own security.

	== References ==		== References ==

Wisconcom: added categories.

2022-07-31T18:46:48Z

added categories.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:46, 31 July 2022
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	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />
			[[Category:Geopolitics]]
			[[Category:Left-wing ideologies]]

CriticalResist at 21:51, 20 March 2022

2022-03-20T21:51:08Z

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	'''~~Multipolarism~~''' (from Latin ''multus'', many and ''polarity'', poles) is a term that describes, in politics, a situation where there are more than three so-called world powers existing concurrently.		'''Multipolarity''' (from Latin ''multus'', many and ''polarity'', poles) is a term that describes, in politics, a situation where there are more than three so-called world powers existing concurrently.

	A multipolar world has existed has various times in history, but after the [[Second World War]], the [[United States of America]] cemented its position as the sole power of the world (sometimes in concurrence with the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)\|USSR]]). Starting in the late 2010s however, that position has been challenged by [[People's Republic of China\|China]], which is why the concept of multipolarity has entered the discourse recently.		A multipolar world has existed has various times in history, but after the [[Second World War]], the [[United States of America]] cemented its position as the sole power of the world (sometimes in concurrence with the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)\|USSR]]). Starting in the late 2010s however, that position has been challenged by [[People's Republic of China\|China]], which is why the concept of multipolarity has entered the discourse recently.

CriticalResist: renaming the page from multipolarism to multipolarity

2022-03-20T21:50:54Z

renaming the page from multipolarism to multipolarity

New page

'''Multipolarism''' (from Latin ''multus'', many and ''polarity'', poles) is a term that describes, in politics, a situation where there are more than three so-called world powers existing concurrently.

A multipolar world has existed has various times in history, but after the [[Second World War]], the [[United States of America]] cemented its position as the sole power of the world (sometimes in concurrence with the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|USSR]]). Starting in the late 2010s however, that position has been challenged by [[People's Republic of China|China]], which is why the concept of multipolarity has entered the discourse recently.

Polarity should not be limited solely to economical powers but generally as influence. [[Japan]], for example, was the second global economy in terms of GDP after the fall of the Soviet Union, but as they were in the sphere of influence of the United States, they did not form a bloc against their influence and thus were not competing, but working alongside them.

The polarity of [[global politics]] can be understood [[Dialectics|dialectically]], but is not solely a [[Marxism|marxist]] concept and does not necessarily refer to an [[Imperialism|imperialist]] world order.

== History ==
While multipolarism has existed at various times in history and even in close geographical regions (for example, in the 17th century, European colonial powers such as [[France]], [[Spain]] or [[Great-Britain]] were competing as regional powers in the Americas), a multipolar world has not existed since the 20th century, where global trade and information make unipolar hegemony all the more impactful.

After the Second World War, the United States of America came about as the unipolar [[Hegemony|hegemon]], sometimes contested by the USSR in a bipolar world.

This position the USA created for themselves was helped by being mostly untouched during the war, as well as the [[Marshall Plan]] and the creation of the [[petrodollar]], a term describing a process by which oil producers sell their product in US Dollars (even if the buyer is not the USA), which ultimately find themselves circulated back to the US bourgeoisie.

The Soviet Union was able to compete in some ways with the hegemony of the United States, but stretched their resources thin trying to combat the bigger power everywhere, which left them open for [[Colour revolution|colour revolutions]] in their later years, ultimately leading to a coup to overthrow the Soviet government and install a pro-West capitalist puppet in their place.

== Unipolar world ==
After the [[overthrow of the Soviet Union]] in 1991 and the subsequent humanitarian crisis, the USA came about as the world's hegemon -- they essentially enjoyed being above [[international law]], dictating law and government to other countries, circulating trade back to their own economy, etc.

This situation lasted until the 2010s or so, when China, under the [[Belt and Road Initiative]] and helped by their massive economy (they were the second country with the highest [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] since 2010) took up a bigger share of the world's trade, eating into the USA's share and aligning countries towards their own policies, as they offer better deals than the imperialist bloc.

Coupled with the end of the US Empire that is happening at this moment, we are seeing the end of a unipolar world and are already in the beginnings of a multipolar world where both China and the USA form competing hegemonies.

=== Response from the imperialist hegemon ===
Imperialism being the highest stage of capitalism, the USA is of course its fiercest proponent and example. Losing its status as the prime imperial power would mean the end of the American way of life for its bourgeoisie, and as such they try everything they can, often with disastrous results, to maintain a unipolar world.

In January 2020, the United States illegally killed [[Islamic Republic of Iran|Iranian]] General [[Quasem Soleimani]] in a drone strike,<ref>{{News citation|date=2020-07-09|title=Qasem Soleimani: US strike on Iran general was unlawful, UN expert says|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53345885|newspaper=BBC}}</ref> after which Iran retorted with a missile strike on two US airbases in [[Republic of Iraq|Iraq]].<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Erdogan Cagatay Zontur, Servet Günerigök|date=2020-01-08|title=Iran hits Iraqi military bases housing US troops|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/iran-hits-iraqi-military-bases-housing-us-troops/1695644#|newspaper=Anadolu Agency}}</ref>

In 2021, the US Congress voted the [[Strategic Competition Act of 2021]]<ref>{{News citation|journalist=US Congress|title=S.1169 - Strategic Competition Act of 2021|archive-url=https://archive.ph/JaL8I}}</ref> that would give 300 million dollars a year to, notably, "develop and implement a plan for increasing the U.S. presence in the Indo-Pacific region" and "authorize various foreign military financing and diplomatic activities in Southeast Asia and the Indo-Pacific region" a clear admission of regime change operations to come.

Around the same time, it was revealed by The Herald that the United States was offering 1000 dollars per article in African newspapers that disparaged and lied about China and their investments on the continent.<ref>{{News citation|date=2021-09-21|title=US plan to discredit Chinese investments unmasked|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/us-plan-to-discredit-chinese-investments-unmasked/|newspaper=The Herald|archive-url=https://archive.ph/HrDgm|archive-date=2021-11-14}}</ref>

In 2022, following the [[2022 Russo-Ukranian conflict|Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the United States was the first to propose sanctions on Russia which were quickly adopted by their lapdogs in Europe<ref>{{News citation|date=2022-03-03|title=List of sanctions against Russia after it invaded Ukraine|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/25/list-of-sanctions-on-russia-after-invasion|newspaper=Al Jazeera}}</ref>. As the world still relies on oil (whether Russian or not), this quickly led to price [[inflation]] and the United States is now asking for Venezuelan oil<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Anatoly Kurmanaev, Natalie Kitroeff, Kenneth P. Vogel|date=2022-03-05|title=U.S. Officials Travel to Venezuela, a Russia Ally, as the West Isolates Putin|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/05/world/americas/venezuela-russia-usa.html|newspaper=New York Times}}</ref> despite having tried to coup [[Nicolás Maduro]] in favour of [[Juan Guaidó]].

Moreover, due to the sanctions on the SWIFT system (essentially banning Russia from global trade), Russia traded oil in Yuan for the first time, and was shortly followed by Saudi Arabia. Essentially, countries in the same situation as Russia (powerful but on the periphery of the imperialist hegemon) have received a signal that going against [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]]'s wishes would get their economy crippled and their government possibly toppled, and thus they are moving closer to China (joining the CIPS system for example, an alternative to SWIFT) for their own security.

== References ==
<references />