State of Libya - Revision history

General-KJ: Fixed broken citations

2024-03-30T14:54:04Z

Fixed broken citations

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:54, 30 March 2024
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	=== Jamahiriya ===		=== Jamahiriya ===
	[[Muammar Gaddafi]] overthrew King Idris in 1969 in a bloodless revolution<ref>{{~~Cite news~~\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm~~\|title=1969: Bloodless coup in Libya\|date=1 September 1969\|access-date=25 October 2018\|archive-date=20 July 2011~~\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720121138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm\|~~url~~-~~status~~=~~live~~}}</ref> and led the country until his murder in 2011 by [[United States of America\|US]]-backed forces.		[[Muammar Gaddafi]] overthrew King Idris in 1969 in a bloodless revolution<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=BBC\|title=1969: Bloodless coup in Libya\|date=1969-09-01\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720121138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm\|archive-date=20 July 2011\|retrieved=2018-10-25}}</ref> and led the country until his murder in 2011 by [[United States of America\|US]]-backed forces.

	=== Civil war ===		=== Civil war ===
	Following Gaddafi's death, two authorities initially claimed to govern Libya: the House of Representatives in Tobruk and the 2014 General National Congress (GNC) in Tripoli which considered itself the continuation of the General National Congress, elected in 2012.<ref ~~name="rival"~~>{{~~cite news~~\|~~url~~=~~https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826~~\|~~work~~=Reuters\|title=Rival second Libyan assembly chooses own PM as chaos spreads\|date=~~25 August~~ 2014~~\|access~~-~~date=~~25 ~~August 2014~~\|url-~~status=live~~\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120247/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/26/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826\|archive-date=26 ~~August 2014~~}}</ref><ref>{{~~cite news~~\|author=Chris Stephen\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry~~\|title=Libyan parliament takes refuge in Greek car ferry\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|access-date=1 April 2016\|url-status=live~~\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404142244/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry\|archive-date=4 April 2016}}</ref> After [[United Nations\|UN]]-led peace talks between the Tobruk and Tripoli governments,<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.sunherald.com/2015/08/07/6355978/peace-talks-between-libyan-factions.html\|title=Peace talks between Libyan factions to take place in Geneva\|work=Sun Herald\|date=7 August 2015\|access-date=7 August 2015}}{{dead link\|date=December 2017\|bot=InternetArchiveBot\|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> a unified interim UN-backed Government of National Accord was established in 2015<ref ~~name="theguardian.com"~~>{{~~cite news~~\|author=Kingsley, Patrick\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments~~\|title=Libyan politicians sign UN peace deal to unify rival governments\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|access-date=1 April 2016\|url-status=live~~\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217161008/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments\|archive-date=17 ~~December 2015~~}}</ref> and the GNC disbanded to support it.<ref>{{~~cite news~~\|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD~~\|title=Libya's self-declared National Salvation government stepping down\|first=Ahmed\|last=Elumami\|url-status=live~~\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408161531/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD\|archive-date=~~8 April 2016\|work=Reuters\|date=5 April~~ 2016}}</ref> A second civil war began in 2014, with parts of Libya split between the Tobruk and Tripoli-based governments as well as various tribal and Islamist militias.<ref>{{~~cite news~~\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806~~\|title=Libyan government offensive in Benghazi stalls as Islamists dig in\|work=Reuters\|date=6 August 2015\|access-date=7 August 2015\|url-status=live~~\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809065318/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/06/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806\|archive-date=~~9 August~~ 2015}}</ref> However, the two main warring sides signed a permanent ceasefire on 23 October 2020.<ref>{{~~Cite web~~\|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297~~\|title=Libyan Civil War: Two warring factions sign 'permanent' ceasefire\|date=24 October 2020\|website=The Daily Star\|access-date=5 March 2021\|archive-date=15 April 2021~~\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014337/https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297\|~~url~~-~~status~~=~~live~~}}</ref>		Following Gaddafi's death, two authorities initially claimed to govern Libya: the House of Representatives in Tobruk and the 2014 General National Congress (GNC) in Tripoli which considered itself the continuation of the General National Congress, elected in 2012.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Feras Bosalum, Ulf Laessing\|newspaper=Reuters\|title=Rival second Libyan assembly chooses own PM as chaos spreads\|date=2014-08-25\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120247/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/26/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826\|archive-date=2014-08-26}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Chris Stephen\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|title=Libyan parliament takes refuge in Greek car ferry\|date=2014-09-09\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404142244/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry\|archive-date=4 April 2016}}</ref> After [[United Nations\|UN]]-led peace talks between the Tobruk and Tripoli governments, a unified interim UN-backed Government of National Accord was established in 2015<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Kingsley, Patrick\|newspaper=The Guardian\|title=Libyan politicians sign UN peace deal to unify rival governments\|date=2015-12-17\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217161008/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments\|archive-date=2015-12-17}}</ref> and the GNC disbanded to support it.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Ahmed Elumami\|newspaper=Reuters\|title=Libya's self-declared National Salvation government stepping down\|date=5 April 2016-04-05\|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408161531/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD\|archive-date=2016-04-08}}</ref> A second civil war began in 2014, with parts of Libya split between the Tobruk and Tripoli-based governments as well as various tribal and Islamist militias.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Ayman Al-Warfalli\|newspaper=Reuters\|title=Libyan government offensive in Benghazi stalls as Islamists dig in\|date=2015-08-06\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809065318/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/06/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806\|archive-date=2015-08-09}}</ref> However, the two main warring sides signed a permanent ceasefire on 23 October 2020.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=The Daily Star\|title=Libyan Civil War: Two warring factions sign 'permanent' ceasefire\|date=2020-10-24\|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014337/https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297\|archive-date=2021-04-15}}</ref>

	== Conditions of Libya under Gaddafi ==		== Conditions of Libya under Gaddafi ==
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	Gaddafi sought to transform Libya into a new [[socialist state]] called a ''[[Jamahiriya]]'' ("state of the masses") in 1977 by using the government to reign in the [[cost of living]] for the Libyan [[Proletariat\|working class]].		Gaddafi sought to transform Libya into a new [[socialist state]] called a ''[[Jamahiriya]]'' ("state of the masses") in 1977 by using the government to reign in the [[cost of living]] for the Libyan [[Proletariat\|working class]].

	Libya was heralded by foreign press as "the [[Swiss Confederation\|Switzerland]] of Africa"<ref>https://www.rt.com/news/interview-libya-nato-intrusion-127/		Libya was heralded by foreign press as "the [[Swiss Confederation\|Switzerland]] of Africa"<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=RT\|title=‘Before NATO intrusion, Libya was African Switzerland’\|date=2011-08-25\|url=https://www.rt.com/news/interview-libya-nato-intrusion-127/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831015308/https://www.rt.com/news/interview-libya-nato-intrusion-127/\|archive-date=2011-08-31}}
	</ref> and was a popular destination for migrant workers seeking a strong economy to participate in.<ref>https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/once-destination-migrants-post-gaddafi-libya-has-gone-transit-route-containment</ref>		</ref> and was a popular destination for migrant workers seeking a strong economy to participate in.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Katie Kuschminder\|newspaper=Migration Policy Institute\|title=Once a Destination for Migrants, Post-Gaddafi Libya Has Gone from Transit Route to Containment\|date=2020-08-06\|url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/once-destination-migrants-post-gaddafi-libya-has-gone-transit-route-containment\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005053633/https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/once-destination-migrants-post-gaddafi-libya-has-gone-transit-route-containment\|archive-date=2023-10-05}}</ref>

	The following is a list of basic facts about Libya under Gaddafi.<ref name=":0">https://newsrescue.com/gaddaffis-last-formal-speech-people-libya/</ref>		The following is a list of basic facts about Libya under Gaddafi.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation\|newspaper=News Rescue\|title=Gaddaffi’s Last Formal Speech To the People of Libya\|date=2014-08-10\|url=https://newsrescue.com/gaddaffis-last-formal-speech-people-libya/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622134231/https://newsrescue.com/gaddaffis-last-formal-speech-people-libya\|archive-date=2023-06-22}}</ref>
	* No electricity bills in Libya; free electricity for all its citizens.		* No electricity bills in Libya; free electricity for all its citizens.
	*There was no interest on loans, [[Bank\|banks]] in Libya were state-owned and loans given to all its citizens at 0% interest by law.		*There was no interest on loans, [[Bank\|banks]] in Libya were state-owned and loans given to all its citizens at 0% interest by law.

General-KJ: Added Map and category

2024-01-09T15:14:17Z

Added Map and category

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:14, 9 January 2024
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	{{Infobox country\|name=Libya\|population_estimate_year=2021\|population_estimate= 6,992,701\|area_km2=1,759,541\|established_date1=2020 October 23rd\|established_event1=Unity government\|official_languages=Arabic\|leader_name3=Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh\|native_name=دولة ليبيا\|image_flag=Flag of Libya.svg\|leader_title3=Prime Minister\|leader_name2=Musa Al-Koni\|leader_title2=Vice Chairman\|leader_name1=Mohamed al-Menfi\|leader_title1=Chairman of the Presidential Council\|image_coat=Seal of the Government of National Unity (Libya).svg\|capital=Tripoli\|largest_city=Tripoli\|government_type=Provisional government\|currency=Libyan dinar}}		{{Infobox country\|name=Libya\|population_estimate_year=2021\|population_estimate= 6,992,701\|area_km2=1,759,541\|established_date1=2020 October 23rd\|established_event1=Unity government\|image_map=Libya map.svg\|map_width=320px\|official_languages=Arabic\|leader_name3=Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh\|native_name=دولة ليبيا\|image_flag=Flag of Libya.svg\|leader_title3=Prime Minister\|leader_name2=Musa Al-Koni\|leader_title2=Vice Chairman\|leader_name1=Mohamed al-Menfi\|leader_title1=Chairman of the Presidential Council\|image_coat=Seal of the Government of National Unity (Libya).svg\|capital=Tripoli\|largest_city=Tripoli\|government_type=Provisional government\|currency=Libyan dinar}}
	'''Libya''', officially the '''State of Libya''' is a country in North Africa. It was formerly the most prosperous country in Africa until the 2011 [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization\|NATO]] invasion. It is a member of the [[United Nations]] (since 1955), the [[Non-Aligned Movement]], the [[Arab League]], [[OIC]] and [[Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries\|OPEC]]. The country's official religion is [[Islam]], with 96.6% of the Libyan population being Sunni Muslims.		'''Libya''', officially the '''State of Libya''' is a country in North Africa. It was formerly the most prosperous country in Africa until the 2011 [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization\|NATO]] invasion. It is a member of the [[United Nations]] (since 1955), the [[Non-Aligned Movement]], the [[Arab League]], [[OIC]] and [[Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries\|OPEC]]. The country's official religion is [[Islam]], with 96.6% of the Libyan population being Sunni Muslims.

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	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />
			[[Category:Countries]]
			[[Category:African countries]]
	[[Category:Countries invaded by the United States]]		[[Category:Countries invaded by the United States]]
	~~[[Category:African countries]]~~

Verda.Majo: added information about Italian settler-colonialism

2023-08-11T14:44:31Z

added information about Italian settler-colonialism

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:44, 11 August 2023
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	=== Colonial rule and monarchy ===		=== Colonial rule and monarchy ===
	~~During~~ the [[Second World War]], Libya was an area of warfare in the North African Campaign. Libya became independent as a kingdom in 1951.		The period of [[Italian Republic\|Italian]] [[Colonialism\|colonization]] in Libya occurred from 1911 to 1943, although many [[Settler colonialism\|settlers]] remained in Libya until the 1970s. The colonizer's goal was to settle between 500,000 and 1 million Italians, especially the landless [[Peasantry\|peasants]] from southern and central Italy. They were intended to be settled mainly in eastern Libya, in the fertile Green Mountain area.<ref name=":1">Ali Abdullatif Ahmida, Jacob Mundy [https://merip.org/2022/05/genocide-historical-amnesia-and-italian-settler-colonialism-in-libya-an-interview-with-ali-abdullatif-ahmida-2/ "Genocide, Historical Amnesia and Italian Settler Colonialism in Libya—An Interview with Ali Abdullatif Ahmida."] ''Middle East Report'' 302 (Spring 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604035443/https://merip.org/2022/05/genocide-historical-amnesia-and-italian-settler-colonialism-in-libya-an-interview-with-ali-abdullatif-ahmida-2/ Archived] 2023-06-04.</ref>

			Local resistance to this settler colonialism started almost immediately, occurring throughout the [[First World War]], and intensified mostly in the eastern part of Libya led by the [[Senusiyya]] movement with [[Omar al-Mukhtar]] as a leading figure in the resistance. In response, the Italians began forcibly transferring population from the east in order to deprive the resistance of material support. Estimates vary, but nearly 110,000 Libyans were deported to 16 [[Concentration camp\|concentration camps]], resulting in tens of thousands of deaths.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Moughrabi, Fouad. [https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A697861284/LitRC?u=anon~580f06a9&sid=googleScholar&xid=6beb7e4f "Genocide in Libya: Shar, a Hidden Colonial History."] ''Arab Studies Quarterly'', vol. 43, no. 4, fall 2021, pp. 371+. ''Gale Literature Resource Center.''</ref>

			By the beginning of the [[Second World War]], some 150,000 Italians had settled in Libya and constituted roughly one-fifth of the country's total population.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Libya/History "Libya - History - Italian colonization."] ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604181923/https://www.britannica.com/place/Libya/History Archived] 2023-06-04.</ref>

			During the Second World War, Libya was an area of warfare in the North African Campaign. Libya became independent as a kingdom in 1951.

	=== Jamahiriya ===		=== Jamahiriya ===

Ledlecreeper27 at 17:36, 23 April 2023

2023-04-23T17:36:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:36, 23 April 2023
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	=== Jamahiriya ===		=== Jamahiriya ===
	[[Muammar Gaddafi]] overthrew King Idris in 1969 in a bloodless revolution<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm\|title=1969: Bloodless coup in Libya\|date=1 September 1969\|access-date=25 October 2018\|archive-date=20 July 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720121138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm\|url-status=live}}</ref> and led the country until his murder in 2011 by [[United States of America\|US]]-backed forces. Following ~~his~~ death, two authorities initially claimed to govern Libya: the House of Representatives in Tobruk and the 2014 General National Congress (GNC) in Tripoli which considered itself the continuation of the General National Congress, elected in 2012.<ref name="rival">{{cite news\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826\|work=Reuters\|title=Rival second Libyan assembly chooses own PM as chaos spreads\|date=25 August 2014\|access-date=25 August 2014\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120247/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/26/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826\|archive-date=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|author=Chris Stephen\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry\|title=Libyan parliament takes refuge in Greek car ferry\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|access-date=1 April 2016\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404142244/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry\|archive-date=4 April 2016}}</ref> After [[United Nations\|UN]]-led peace talks between the Tobruk and Tripoli governments,<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.sunherald.com/2015/08/07/6355978/peace-talks-between-libyan-factions.html\|title=Peace talks between Libyan factions to take place in Geneva\|work=Sun Herald\|date=7 August 2015\|access-date=7 August 2015}}{{dead link\|date=December 2017\|bot=InternetArchiveBot\|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> a unified interim UN-backed Government of National Accord was established in 2015<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news\|author=Kingsley, Patrick\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments\|title=Libyan politicians sign UN peace deal to unify rival governments\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|access-date=1 April 2016\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217161008/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments\|archive-date=17 December 2015}}</ref> and the GNC disbanded to support it.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD\|title=Libya's self-declared National Salvation government stepping down\|first=Ahmed\|last=Elumami\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408161531/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD\|archive-date=8 April 2016\|work=Reuters\|date=5 April 2016}}</ref> A second civil war began in 2014, with parts of Libya split between the Tobruk and Tripoli-based governments as well as various tribal and Islamist militias.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806\|title=Libyan government offensive in Benghazi stalls as Islamists dig in\|work=Reuters\|date=6 August 2015\|access-date=7 August 2015\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809065318/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/06/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806\|archive-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> However, the two main warring sides signed a permanent ceasefire on 23 October 2020..<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297\|title=Libyan Civil War: Two warring factions sign 'permanent' ceasefire\|date=24 October 2020\|website=The Daily Star\|access-date=5 March 2021\|archive-date=15 April 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014337/https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297\|url-status=live}}</ref>		[[Muammar Gaddafi]] overthrew King Idris in 1969 in a bloodless revolution<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm\|title=1969: Bloodless coup in Libya\|date=1 September 1969\|access-date=25 October 2018\|archive-date=20 July 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720121138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm\|url-status=live}}</ref> and led the country until his murder in 2011 by [[United States of America\|US]]-backed forces.

			=== Civil war ===
			Following Gaddafi's death, two authorities initially claimed to govern Libya: the House of Representatives in Tobruk and the 2014 General National Congress (GNC) in Tripoli which considered itself the continuation of the General National Congress, elected in 2012.<ref name="rival">{{cite news\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826\|work=Reuters\|title=Rival second Libyan assembly chooses own PM as chaos spreads\|date=25 August 2014\|access-date=25 August 2014\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120247/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/26/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826\|archive-date=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|author=Chris Stephen\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry\|title=Libyan parliament takes refuge in Greek car ferry\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|access-date=1 April 2016\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404142244/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry\|archive-date=4 April 2016}}</ref> After [[United Nations\|UN]]-led peace talks between the Tobruk and Tripoli governments,<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.sunherald.com/2015/08/07/6355978/peace-talks-between-libyan-factions.html\|title=Peace talks between Libyan factions to take place in Geneva\|work=Sun Herald\|date=7 August 2015\|access-date=7 August 2015}}{{dead link\|date=December 2017\|bot=InternetArchiveBot\|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> a unified interim UN-backed Government of National Accord was established in 2015<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news\|author=Kingsley, Patrick\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments\|title=Libyan politicians sign UN peace deal to unify rival governments\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|access-date=1 April 2016\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217161008/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments\|archive-date=17 December 2015}}</ref> and the GNC disbanded to support it.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD\|title=Libya's self-declared National Salvation government stepping down\|first=Ahmed\|last=Elumami\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408161531/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD\|archive-date=8 April 2016\|work=Reuters\|date=5 April 2016}}</ref> A second civil war began in 2014, with parts of Libya split between the Tobruk and Tripoli-based governments as well as various tribal and Islamist militias.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806\|title=Libyan government offensive in Benghazi stalls as Islamists dig in\|work=Reuters\|date=6 August 2015\|access-date=7 August 2015\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809065318/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/06/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806\|archive-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> However, the two main warring sides signed a permanent ceasefire on 23 October 2020.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297\|title=Libyan Civil War: Two warring factions sign 'permanent' ceasefire\|date=24 October 2020\|website=The Daily Star\|access-date=5 March 2021\|archive-date=15 April 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014337/https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297\|url-status=live}}</ref>

	== Conditions of Libya under Gaddafi ==		== Conditions of Libya under Gaddafi ==

Ledlecreeper27 at 17:35, 23 April 2023

2023-04-23T17:35:30Z

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	{{Infobox country\|name=~~State of~~ Libya\|population_estimate_year=2021\|population_estimate= 6,992,701\|area_km2=1,759,541\|established_date1=2020 October 23rd\|established_event1=Unity government\|official_languages=Arabic\|leader_name3=Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh\|native_name=دولة ليبيا\|leader_title3=Prime Minister\|leader_name2=Musa Al-Koni\|leader_title2=Vice Chairman\|leader_name1=Mohamed al-Menfi\|leader_title1=Chairman of the Presidential Council\|capital=Tripoli\|government_type=Provisional government\|currency=Libyan dinar~~\|name=Libya~~}}		{{Infobox country\|name=Libya\|population_estimate_year=2021\|population_estimate= 6,992,701\|area_km2=1,759,541\|established_date1=2020 October 23rd\|established_event1=Unity government\|official_languages=Arabic\|leader_name3=Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh\|native_name=دولة ليبيا\|image_flag=Flag of Libya.svg\|leader_title3=Prime Minister\|leader_name2=Musa Al-Koni\|leader_title2=Vice Chairman\|leader_name1=Mohamed al-Menfi\|leader_title1=Chairman of the Presidential Council\|image_coat=Seal of the Government of National Unity (Libya).svg\|capital=Tripoli\|largest_city=Tripoli\|government_type=Provisional government\|currency=Libyan dinar}}
	'''Libya''', officially the '''State of Libya''' is a country in North Africa.		'''Libya''', officially the '''State of Libya''' is a country in North Africa. It was formerly the most prosperous country in Africa until the 2011 [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization\|NATO]] invasion. It is a member of the [[United Nations]] (since 1955), the [[Non-Aligned Movement]], the [[Arab League]], [[OIC]] and [[Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries\|OPEC]]. The country's official religion is [[Islam]], with 96.6% of the Libyan population being Sunni Muslims.

	During the [[Second World War]], Libya was an area of warfare in the North African Campaign. Libya became independent as a kingdom in 1951. A military coup in 1969 overthrew King Idris I. The "bloodless"<ref>{{Cite news\|url=~~http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm\|title~~=~~1969: Bloodless coup in Libya\|date~~=~~1 September 1969\|access-date~~=25 October 2018\|archive-date=20 July 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720121138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm\|url-status=live}}</ref> coup leader [[Muammar Gaddafi]] ruled the country from 1969 and the Libyan Cultural Revolution in 1973 until he was overthrown and killed in the 2011 Libyan Civil War. Following this overthrow, two authorities initially claimed to govern Libya: the House of Representatives in Tobruk and the 2014 General National Congress (GNC) in Tripoli which considered itself the continuation of the General National Congress, elected in 2012.<ref name="rival">{{cite news\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826\|work=Reuters\|title=Rival second Libyan assembly chooses own PM as chaos spreads\|date=25 August 2014\|access-date=25 August 2014\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120247/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/26/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826\|archive-date=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|author=Chris Stephen\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry\|title=Libyan parliament takes refuge in Greek car ferry\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|access-date=1 April 2016\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404142244/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry\|archive-date=4 April 2016}}</ref> After UN-led peace talks between the Tobruk and Tripoli governments,<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.sunherald.com/2015/08/07/6355978/peace-talks-between-libyan-factions.html\|title=Peace talks between Libyan factions to take place in Geneva\|work=Sun Herald\|date=7 August 2015\|access-date=7 August 2015}}{{dead link\|date=December 2017\|bot=InternetArchiveBot\|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> a unified interim UN-backed Government of National Accord was established in 2015<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news\|author=Kingsley, Patrick\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments\|title=Libyan politicians sign UN peace deal to unify rival governments\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|access-date=1 April 2016\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217161008/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments\|archive-date=17 December 2015}}</ref> and the GNC disbanded to support it.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD\|title=Libya's self-declared National Salvation government stepping down\|first=Ahmed\|last=Elumami\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408161531/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD\|archive-date=8 April 2016\|work=Reuters\|date=5 April 2016}}</ref> A second civil war began in 2014, with parts of Libya split between the Tobruk and Tripoli-based governments as well as various tribal and Islamist militias.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806\|title=Libyan government offensive in Benghazi stalls as Islamists dig in\|work=Reuters\|date=6 August 2015\|access-date=7 August 2015\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809065318/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/06/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806\|archive-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> However, the two main warring sides signed a permanent ceasefire on 23 October 2020.		== History ==

	~~Libya has upcoming elections in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web\|url~~=~~https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297\|title~~=~~Libyan Civil War: Two warring factions sign 'permanent' ceasefire\|date~~=~~24 October 2020\|website~~=~~The Daily Star\|access-date~~=~~5 March 2021\|archive-date~~=~~15 April 2021\|archive-url=https://web~~.~~archive~~.~~org/web/20210415014337/https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297\|url-status=live}}</ref>~~		=== Colonial rule and monarchy ===
			During the [[Second World War]], Libya was an area of warfare in the North African Campaign. Libya became independent as a kingdom in 1951.

	Libya ~~is a member of~~ the [[United ~~Nations~~]] (~~since 1955~~), ~~the~~ [[~~Non~~-~~Aligned Movement~~]], ~~the Arab League~~, ~~OIC~~ and ~~OPEC~~. ~~The country~~'s ~~official religion is Islam~~, with 96.6~~% of~~ the Libyan ~~population being Sunni Muslims~~.		=== Jamahiriya ===
			[[Muammar Gaddafi]] overthrew King Idris in 1969 in a bloodless revolution<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm\|title=1969: Bloodless coup in Libya\|date=1 September 1969\|access-date=25 October 2018\|archive-date=20 July 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720121138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm\|url-status=live}}</ref> and led the country until his murder in 2011 by [[United States of America\|US]]-backed forces. Following his death, two authorities initially claimed to govern Libya: the House of Representatives in Tobruk and the 2014 General National Congress (GNC) in Tripoli which considered itself the continuation of the General National Congress, elected in 2012.<ref name="rival">{{cite news\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826\|work=Reuters\|title=Rival second Libyan assembly chooses own PM as chaos spreads\|date=25 August 2014\|access-date=25 August 2014\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120247/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/26/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826\|archive-date=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|author=Chris Stephen\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry\|title=Libyan parliament takes refuge in Greek car ferry\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|access-date=1 April 2016\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404142244/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry\|archive-date=4 April 2016}}</ref> After [[United Nations\|UN]]-led peace talks between the Tobruk and Tripoli governments,<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.sunherald.com/2015/08/07/6355978/peace-talks-between-libyan-factions.html\|title=Peace talks between Libyan factions to take place in Geneva\|work=Sun Herald\|date=7 August 2015\|access-date=7 August 2015}}{{dead link\|date=December 2017\|bot=InternetArchiveBot\|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> a unified interim UN-backed Government of National Accord was established in 2015<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news\|author=Kingsley, Patrick\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments\|title=Libyan politicians sign UN peace deal to unify rival governments\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|access-date=1 April 2016\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217161008/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments\|archive-date=17 December 2015}}</ref> and the GNC disbanded to support it.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD\|title=Libya's self-declared National Salvation government stepping down\|first=Ahmed\|last=Elumami\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408161531/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD\|archive-date=8 April 2016\|work=Reuters\|date=5 April 2016}}</ref> A second civil war began in 2014, with parts of Libya split between the Tobruk and Tripoli-based governments as well as various tribal and Islamist militias.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806\|title=Libyan government offensive in Benghazi stalls as Islamists dig in\|work=Reuters\|date=6 August 2015\|access-date=7 August 2015\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809065318/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/06/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806\|archive-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> However, the two main warring sides signed a permanent ceasefire on 23 October 2020..<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297\|title=Libyan Civil War: Two warring factions sign 'permanent' ceasefire\|date=24 October 2020\|website=The Daily Star\|access-date=5 March 2021\|archive-date=15 April 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014337/https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297\|url-status=live}}</ref>

	== Conditions of Libya under Gaddafi ==		== Conditions of Libya under Gaddafi ==
			{{Main article\|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)}}
			Gaddafi sought to transform Libya into a new [[socialist state]] called a ''[[Jamahiriya]]'' ("state of the masses") in 1977 by using the government to reign in the [[cost of living]] for the Libyan [[Proletariat\|working class]].

	Gaddafi sought to transform Libya into a new [[:en:Socialist_state\|socialist state]] called a ''[[:en:Jamahiriya\|Jamahiriya]]'' ("state of the masses") in 1977 by using the government to reign in the [[cost of living]] for the Libyan [[Proletariat\|working class]].		Libya was heralded by foreign press as "the [[Swiss Confederation\|Switzerland]] of Africa"<ref>https://www.rt.com/news/interview-libya-nato-intrusion-127/

	Libya was heralded by foreign press as "the Switzerland of Africa"<ref>https://www.rt.com/news/interview-libya-nato-intrusion-127/
	</ref> and was a popular destination for migrant workers seeking a strong economy to participate in.<ref>https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/once-destination-migrants-post-gaddafi-libya-has-gone-transit-route-containment</ref>		</ref> and was a popular destination for migrant workers seeking a strong economy to participate in.<ref>https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/once-destination-migrants-post-gaddafi-libya-has-gone-transit-route-containment</ref>

	The following is a list of ~~some~~ basic facts about Libya under Gaddafi.<ref name=":0">https://newsrescue.com/gaddaffis-last-formal-speech-people-libya/</ref>		The following is a list of basic facts about Libya under Gaddafi.<ref name=":0">https://newsrescue.com/gaddaffis-last-formal-speech-people-libya/</ref>
	* No electricity bills in Libya; free electricity for all its citizens.		* No electricity bills in Libya; free electricity for all its citizens.
	*There was no interest on loans, banks in Libya ~~are~~ state-owned and loans given to all its citizens at 0% interest by law.		*There was no interest on loans, [[Bank\|banks]] in Libya were state-owned and loans given to all its citizens at 0% interest by law.
	*If a Libyan is unable to find employment after graduation, the state would pay the average salary of the profession as if he or she is employed until employment is found.		*If a Libyan was unable to find employment after graduation, the state would pay the average salary of the profession as if he or she is employed until employment is found.
	*Should Libyans want to take up a farming career, they receive farm land, a house, equipment, seed and livestock to kick start their farms – this was all for free.		*Should Libyans want to take up a farming career, they receive farm land, a house, equipment, seed and livestock to kick start their farms – this was all for free.
	*Gaddafi carried out the world’s largest irrigation project, known as the Great Man-Made River project, to make water readily available throughout the desert country.		*Gaddafi carried out the world’s largest irrigation project, known as the Great Man-Made River project, to make water readily available throughout the desert country.
	*A home was considered a human right in Libya. (In Qaddafi’s [[:en:Library:The_Green_Book_(Muammar_Gaddafi)\|Green Book]] it states: “The house is a basic need of both the individual and the family, therefore it should not be owned by others.”)		*A home was considered a human right in Libya. (In Qaddafi’s [[:en:Library:The_Green_Book_(Muammar_Gaddafi)\|Green Book]] it states: “The house is a basic need of both the individual and the family, therefore it should not [[Landlord\|be owned by others]].”)
	*All newlyweds in Libya would receive 60,000 Dinar (US$ 50,000 ) by the government to buy their first apartment so to help start a family.		*All newlyweds in Libya would receive 60,000 Dinar (US$ 50,000 ) by the government to buy their first apartment so to help start a family.
	*A portion of Libyan oil sales is or was credited directly to the bank accounts of all Libyan citizens.		*A portion of Libyan oil sales is or was credited directly to the bank accounts of all Libyan citizens.
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	*Fuel subsidies: The price of petrol in Libya was $0.14 per liter.		*Fuel subsidies: The price of petrol in Libya was $0.14 per liter.
	*Food subsidies: For $ 0.15, a Libyan local could purchase 40 loaves of bread.		*Food subsidies: For $ 0.15, a Libyan local could purchase 40 loaves of bread.
	*Education and medical treatments ~~was~~ all free in Libya. Libya ~~can boast~~ one of the finest health care systems in the Arab and African ~~World~~. All people ~~have~~ access to doctors, hospitals, clinics and medicines, completely free of charge.		*Education and medical treatments were all free in Libya. Libya had one of the finest health care systems in the Arab and African world. All people had access to doctors, hospitals, clinics and medicines, [[Universal healthcare\|completely free of charge]].
	*If Libyans ~~cannot~~ find the education or medical facilities they need in Libya, the government would ~~fund them~~ to go abroad for it – not only free but they get US $2,300/month accommodation and car allowance.		*If Libyans could not find the education or medical facilities they need in Libya, the government would fund them to go abroad for it – not only free but they get US $2,300/month accommodation and car allowance.
	*25% of Libyans have a university degree.		*25% of Libyans have a university degree.
	*~~Before Gaddafi only~~ 25% ~~of Libyans were literate. Today the figure is~~ 87%.		*Literacy rate increased from 25% to 87%
	*Libya had no external debt and its reserves amount to $150 billion – though much of this is now frozen globally.		*Libya had no external debt and its reserves amount to $150 billion – though much of this is now frozen globally.

	== References ==		== References ==
	[[Category:Countries]]		<references />
			[[Category:Countries invaded by the United States]]
			[[Category:African countries]]

Forte: Updated Infobox country template parameter

2022-05-11T04:42:02Z

Updated Infobox country template parameter

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	{{Infobox country\|~~conventional_long_name~~=State of Libya\|population_estimate_year=2021\|population_estimate= 6,992,701\|area_km2=1,759,541\|established_date1=2020 October 23rd\|established_event1=Unity government\|official_languages=Arabic\|leader_name3=Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh\|native_name=دولة ليبيا\|leader_title3=Prime Minister\|leader_name2=Musa Al-Koni\|leader_title2=Vice Chairman\|leader_name1=Mohamed al-Menfi\|leader_title1=Chairman of the Presidential Council\|capital=Tripoli\|government_type=Provisional government\|currency=Libyan dinar\|name=Libya}}		{{Infobox country\|name=State of Libya\|population_estimate_year=2021\|population_estimate= 6,992,701\|area_km2=1,759,541\|established_date1=2020 October 23rd\|established_event1=Unity government\|official_languages=Arabic\|leader_name3=Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh\|native_name=دولة ليبيا\|leader_title3=Prime Minister\|leader_name2=Musa Al-Koni\|leader_title2=Vice Chairman\|leader_name1=Mohamed al-Menfi\|leader_title1=Chairman of the Presidential Council\|capital=Tripoli\|government_type=Provisional government\|currency=Libyan dinar\|name=Libya}}
	'''Libya''', officially the '''State of Libya''' is a country in North Africa.		'''Libya''', officially the '''State of Libya''' is a country in North Africa.

Ledlecreeper27: Ledlecreeper27 moved page Libya to State of Libya: Moved to full name.

2022-04-23T23:33:22Z

Ledlecreeper27 moved page Libya to State of Libya: Moved to full name.

← Older revision	Revision as of 23:33, 23 April 2022
(No difference)

Jucheguevara: added links, made some modifications

2022-03-28T17:26:28Z

added links, made some modifications

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:26, 28 March 2022
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	== Conditions of Libya under Gaddafi ==		== Conditions of Libya under Gaddafi ==

	Gaddafi sought to transform Libya into a new [[:en:Socialist_state\|socialist state]] called a ''[[:en:Jamahiriya\|Jamahiriya]]'' ("state of the masses") in 1977. Libya was heralded by foreign press as "the Switzerland of Africa"<ref>https://www.rt.com/news/interview-libya-nato-intrusion-127/		Gaddafi sought to transform Libya into a new [[:en:Socialist_state\|socialist state]] called a ''[[:en:Jamahiriya\|Jamahiriya]]'' ("state of the masses") in 1977 by using the government to reign in the [[cost of living]] for the Libyan [[Proletariat\|working class]].
	</ref> and was a popular destination for migrant workers seeking a strong economy to participate in.<ref>https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/once-destination-migrants-post-gaddafi-libya-has-gone-transit-route-containment</ref> ~~The~~ following is a list of some basic facts about Libya under Gaddafi.<ref name=":0">https://newsrescue.com/gaddaffis-last-formal-speech-people-libya/</ref>
			Libya was heralded by foreign press as "the Switzerland of Africa"<ref>https://www.rt.com/news/interview-libya-nato-intrusion-127/
			</ref> and was a popular destination for migrant workers seeking a strong economy to participate in.<ref>https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/once-destination-migrants-post-gaddafi-libya-has-gone-transit-route-containment</ref>

			The following is a list of some basic facts about Libya under Gaddafi.<ref name=":0">https://newsrescue.com/gaddaffis-last-formal-speech-people-libya/</ref>
	* No electricity bills in Libya; free electricity for all its citizens.		* No electricity bills in Libya; free electricity for all its citizens.
	*There was no interest on loans, banks in Libya are state-owned and loans given to all its citizens at 0% interest by law.		*There was no interest on loans, banks in Libya are state-owned and loans given to all its citizens at 0% interest by law.

Ledlecreeper27: Added infobox.

2021-12-29T21:57:18Z

Added infobox.

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			{{Infobox country\|conventional_long_name=State of Libya\|population_estimate_year=2021\|population_estimate= 6,992,701\|area_km2=1,759,541\|established_date1=2020 October 23rd\|established_event1=Unity government\|official_languages=Arabic\|leader_name3=Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh\|native_name=دولة ليبيا\|leader_title3=Prime Minister\|leader_name2=Musa Al-Koni\|leader_title2=Vice Chairman\|leader_name1=Mohamed al-Menfi\|leader_title1=Chairman of the Presidential Council\|capital=Tripoli\|government_type=Provisional government\|currency=Libyan dinar\|name=Libya}}
	'''Libya''', officially the '''State of Libya''' is a country in North Africa.		'''Libya''', officially the '''State of Libya''' is a country in North Africa.

Jucheguevara at 04:31, 12 September 2021

2021-09-12T04:31:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:31, 12 September 2021
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	'''Libya''', officially the '''State of Libya''' is a country in North Africa.		'''Libya''', officially the '''State of Libya''' is a country in North Africa.

	During the [[Second World War]], Libya was an area of warfare in the [[North African Campaign]]. Libya became independent as a kingdom in 1951. A ~~[[1969 Libyan coup d'état\|~~military coup in 1969]] overthrew ~~[[Idris of Libya\|~~King Idris I]]. The "~~[[Nonviolent revolution\|~~bloodless]]"<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm\|title=1969: Bloodless coup in Libya\|date=1 September 1969\|access-date=25 October 2018\|archive-date=20 July 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720121138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm\|url-status=live}}</ref> coup leader [[Muammar Gaddafi]] ruled the country from 1969 and the [[Libyan Cultural Revolution]] in 1973 until he was overthrown and ~~[[Death of Muammar Gaddafi\|~~killed]] in the ~~[[Libyan Civil War (2011)\|~~2011 Libyan Civil War]]. Following this overthrow, two authorities initially claimed to govern Libya: the [[House of Representatives ~~(Libya)\|House of Representatives]]~~ in [[Tobruk]] and the ~~[[General National Congress (2014)\|~~2014 General National Congress]] (GNC) in Tripoli which considered itself the continuation of the [[General National Congress]], ~~[[Libyan General National Congress election, 2012\|~~elected in 2012]].<ref name="rival">{{cite news\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826\|work=Reuters\|title=Rival second Libyan assembly chooses own PM as chaos spreads\|date=25 August 2014\|access-date=25 August 2014\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120247/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/26/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826\|archive-date=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|author=Chris Stephen\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry\|title=Libyan parliament takes refuge in Greek car ferry\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|access-date=1 April 2016\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404142244/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry\|archive-date=4 April 2016}}</ref> After UN-led peace talks between the Tobruk and Tripoli governments,<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.sunherald.com/2015/08/07/6355978/peace-talks-between-libyan-factions.html\|title=Peace talks between Libyan factions to take place in Geneva\|work=Sun Herald\|date=7 August 2015\|access-date=7 August 2015}}{{dead link\|date=December 2017\|bot=InternetArchiveBot\|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> a unified interim UN-backed [[Government of National Accord]] was established in 2015<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news\|author=Kingsley, Patrick\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments\|title=Libyan politicians sign UN peace deal to unify rival governments\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|access-date=1 April 2016\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217161008/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments\|archive-date=17 December 2015}}</ref> and the GNC disbanded to support it.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD\|title=Libya's self-declared National Salvation government stepping down\|first=Ahmed\|last=Elumami\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408161531/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD\|archive-date=8 April 2016\|work=Reuters\|date=5 April 2016}}</ref> A ~~[[Second Libyan Civil War\|~~second civil war]] began in 2014, with parts of Libya split between the Tobruk and Tripoli-based governments as well as various tribal and ~~[[Islamism\|~~Islamist]] militias.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806\|title=Libyan government offensive in Benghazi stalls as Islamists dig in\|work=Reuters\|date=6 August 2015\|access-date=7 August 2015\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809065318/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/06/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806\|archive-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> However, the two main warring sides signed a permanent ceasefire on 23 October 2020.		During the [[Second World War]], Libya was an area of warfare in the North African Campaign. Libya became independent as a kingdom in 1951. A military coup in 1969 overthrew King Idris I. The "bloodless"<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm\|title=1969: Bloodless coup in Libya\|date=1 September 1969\|access-date=25 October 2018\|archive-date=20 July 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720121138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm\|url-status=live}}</ref> coup leader [[Muammar Gaddafi]] ruled the country from 1969 and the Libyan Cultural Revolution in 1973 until he was overthrown and killed in the 2011 Libyan Civil War. Following this overthrow, two authorities initially claimed to govern Libya: the House of Representatives in Tobruk and the 2014 General National Congress (GNC) in Tripoli which considered itself the continuation of the General National Congress, elected in 2012.<ref name="rival">{{cite news\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826\|work=Reuters\|title=Rival second Libyan assembly chooses own PM as chaos spreads\|date=25 August 2014\|access-date=25 August 2014\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120247/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/26/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826\|archive-date=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|author=Chris Stephen\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry\|title=Libyan parliament takes refuge in Greek car ferry\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|access-date=1 April 2016\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404142244/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry\|archive-date=4 April 2016}}</ref> After UN-led peace talks between the Tobruk and Tripoli governments,<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.sunherald.com/2015/08/07/6355978/peace-talks-between-libyan-factions.html\|title=Peace talks between Libyan factions to take place in Geneva\|work=Sun Herald\|date=7 August 2015\|access-date=7 August 2015}}{{dead link\|date=December 2017\|bot=InternetArchiveBot\|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> a unified interim UN-backed Government of National Accord was established in 2015<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news\|author=Kingsley, Patrick\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments\|title=Libyan politicians sign UN peace deal to unify rival governments\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|access-date=1 April 2016\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217161008/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/libyan-politicians-sign-un-peace-deal-unify-rival-governments\|archive-date=17 December 2015}}</ref> and the GNC disbanded to support it.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD\|title=Libya's self-declared National Salvation government stepping down\|first=Ahmed\|last=Elumami\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408161531/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-politics-idUKKCN0X22MD\|archive-date=8 April 2016\|work=Reuters\|date=5 April 2016}}</ref> A second civil war began in 2014, with parts of Libya split between the Tobruk and Tripoli-based governments as well as various tribal and Islamist militias.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806\|title=Libyan government offensive in Benghazi stalls as Islamists dig in\|work=Reuters\|date=6 August 2015\|access-date=7 August 2015\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809065318/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/06/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806\|archive-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> However, the two main warring sides signed a permanent ceasefire on 23 October 2020.

	Libya has upcoming elections in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297\|title=Libyan Civil War: Two warring factions sign 'permanent' ceasefire\|date=24 October 2020\|website=The Daily Star\|access-date=5 March 2021\|archive-date=15 April 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014337/https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297\|url-status=live}}</ref>		Libya has upcoming elections in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297\|title=Libyan Civil War: Two warring factions sign 'permanent' ceasefire\|date=24 October 2020\|website=The Daily Star\|access-date=5 March 2021\|archive-date=15 April 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014337/https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297\|url-status=live}}</ref>

	Libya is a member of the [[United Nations]] (since 1955), the [[Non-Aligned Movement]], the [[Arab League]], ~~[[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation\|~~OIC]] and [[OPEC]]. The country's official religion is ~~[[Islam in Libya\|~~Islam]], with 96.6% of the Libyan population being ~~[[Sunni Islam\|~~Sunni Muslims]].		Libya is a member of the [[United Nations]] (since 1955), the [[Non-Aligned Movement]], the Arab League, OIC and OPEC. The country's official religion is Islam, with 96.6% of the Libyan population being Sunni Muslims.

	== Conditions of Libya under Gaddafi ==		== Conditions of Libya under Gaddafi ==