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[[File:Arrest of Robespierre painting.png|thumb|Painting of [[Maximilien de Robespierre|Maximilien Robespierre]] being arrested during the [[Thermidor coup|1794 Thermidor coup]]]] | |||
A '''coup d'état''', also called a '''coup''', is the act of overthrowing a [[government]], but not necessarily the [[state]]. As such, a coup does not always lead to the overthrow of the [[Ruling class|dominating class]]. Coups have been used and have been instrumental in [[Proletarian revolution|socialist revolutions]], [[Counterrevolution|counter-revolutions]] and [[Bourgeois revolution|bourgeois revolutions]] alike. | A '''coup d'état''', also called a '''coup''', is the act of overthrowing a [[government]], but not necessarily the [[state]]. As such, a coup does not always lead to the overthrow of the [[Ruling class|dominating class]]. Coups have been used and have been instrumental in [[Proletarian revolution|socialist revolutions]], [[Counterrevolution|counter-revolutions]] and [[Bourgeois revolution|bourgeois revolutions]] alike. | ||
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== Types == | == Types == | ||
=== | === Reactionary coups === | ||
The most [[reactionary]] type of coups, which reverse the achievements of a [[national liberation]] struggle or an electoral victory against the ruling class, are usually led by generals and the top leadership of the military. The [[United States of America|United States]] and domestic elites often back such coups, which benefit the international [[Imperialism|imperialist]] [[bourgeoisie]].<ref name=":12222">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=La Paz|page=146–8|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref> | The most [[reactionary]] type of coups, which reverse the achievements of a [[national liberation]] struggle or an electoral victory against the ruling class, are usually led by generals and the top leadership of the military. The [[United States of America|United States]] and domestic elites often back such coups, which benefit the international [[Imperialism|imperialist]] [[bourgeoisie]].<ref name=":12222">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=La Paz|page=146–8|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref> | ||
Examples: | Examples: | ||
* [[Republic of the United States of Brazil (1889–1967)|Brazil]] (1964) | |||
* [[People's Democratic Republic of Algeria|Algeria]] (1965) | * [[People's Democratic Republic of Algeria|Algeria]] (1965) | ||
* [[Republic of Indonesia|Indonesia]] (1965) | * [[Republic of Indonesia|Indonesia]] (1965) | ||
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* [[Republic of Chile|Chile]] (1973) | * [[Republic of Chile|Chile]] (1973) | ||
* [[Republic of Chad|Chad]] (1975) | * [[Republic of Chad|Chad]] (1975) | ||
* [[Burkina Faso]] (1987) | |||
=== | === Progressive coups === | ||
In countries that lack national liberation movements and have no hope for social reform, lower military officers such as colonels may lead progressive coups.<ref name=":12222" /> In some cases, even generals can lead progressive [[Nationalism|nationalist]] coups, such as [[Republic of Peru|Peru]] in 1968.<ref name=":02">{{Web citation|author=Sergio Rodriguez Gelfenstein|newspaper=[[Workers World]]|title=How long will Peru last? History weighs on today’s events|date=2020-12-18|url=https://www.workers.org/2020/12/53314/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606095617/https://www.workers.org/2020/12/53314/|archive-date=2023-06-06}}</ref> | In countries that lack national liberation movements and have no hope for social reform, lower military officers such as colonels may lead progressive coups.<ref name=":12222" /> In some cases, even generals can lead progressive [[Nationalism|nationalist]] coups, such as [[Republic of Peru|Peru]] in 1968.<ref name=":02">{{Web citation|author=Sergio Rodriguez Gelfenstein|newspaper=[[Workers World]]|title=How long will Peru last? History weighs on today’s events|date=2020-12-18|url=https://www.workers.org/2020/12/53314/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606095617/https://www.workers.org/2020/12/53314/|archive-date=2023-06-06}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 17:02, 19 January 2025
A coup d'état, also called a coup, is the act of overthrowing a government, but not necessarily the state. As such, a coup does not always lead to the overthrow of the dominating class. Coups have been used and have been instrumental in socialist revolutions, counter-revolutions and bourgeois revolutions alike.
Etymology
The name comes from the French, and literally means a "blow of the state", and should be understood to mean a "knockout blow [to the government]".
Types
Reactionary coups
The most reactionary type of coups, which reverse the achievements of a national liberation struggle or an electoral victory against the ruling class, are usually led by generals and the top leadership of the military. The United States and domestic elites often back such coups, which benefit the international imperialist bourgeoisie.[1]
Examples:
- Brazil (1964)
- Algeria (1965)
- Indonesia (1965)
- Ghana (1966)
- Uganda (1971)
- Chile (1973)
- Chad (1975)
- Burkina Faso (1987)
Progressive coups
In countries that lack national liberation movements and have no hope for social reform, lower military officers such as colonels may lead progressive coups.[1] In some cases, even generals can lead progressive nationalist coups, such as Peru in 1968.[2]
Examples:
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vijay Prashad (2008). The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World: 'La Paz' (pp. 146–8). [PDF] The New Press. ISBN 9781595583420 [LG]
- ↑ Sergio Rodriguez Gelfenstein (2020-12-18). "How long will Peru last? History weighs on today’s events" Workers World. Archived from the original on 2023-06-06.