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[[File: | [[File:Russian Whiteguard poster.png|thumb|286x286px|Poster from the [[Russian Civil War]] depicting a [[White Army|Whiteguard]] crushing a [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Soviet]] flag]] | ||
A '''counterrevolution''' is an opposing [[revolution]] that attempts to reverse a revolution. A person or group who opposes a revolution is declared '''counter-revolutionary'''. In [[Marxism|Marxist]] theory, counterrevolutions are a [[reactionary]] force usually composed of [[bourgeois]] forces. | A '''counterrevolution''' is an opposing [[revolution]] that attempts to reverse a revolution. A person or group who opposes a revolution is declared '''counter-revolutionary'''. In [[Marxism|Marxist]] theory, counterrevolutions are a [[reactionary]] force usually composed of [[bourgeois]] forces. | ||
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=== Bourgeois === | === Bourgeois === | ||
* [[White movement]] (Russia, 1917–1923) | |||
* [[White Terror (Finland)|Finnish White Terror]] (Finland, 1918) | * [[White Terror (Finland)|Finnish White Terror]] (Finland, 1918) | ||
* [[White Terror (Hungary)|Hungarian White Terror]] (Hungary, 1919–1921) | * [[White Terror (Hungary)|Hungarian White Terror]] (Hungary, 1919–1921) | ||
* [[Hungarian counterrevolution of 1956]] (Hungary, 1956; failed) | * [[Hungarian counterrevolution of 1956|Hungarian counterrevolution]] (Hungary, 1956; failed) | ||
* [[Prague Spring]] (Czechoslovakia, 1968; failed) | * [[Prague Spring]] (Czechoslovakia, 1968; failed) | ||
* [[1989 Tian'anmen Square riots|Tian'anmen Square riots]] (China, 1989; failed) | * [[1989 Tian'anmen Square riots|Tian'anmen Square riots]] (China, 1989; failed) | ||
* [[ | * [[Velvet Counterrevolution]] (Czechoslovakia, 1989) | ||
* [[Romanian Counterrevolution]] (Romania, 1989) | |||
* [[Annexation of East Germany]] (Germany, 1990) | * [[Annexation of East Germany]] (Germany, 1990) | ||
* [[Overthrow of the Soviet Union]] (Soviet Union, 1991) | * [[Overthrow of the Soviet Union]] (Soviet Union, 1991) | ||
Revision as of 17:16, 12 January 2025
A counterrevolution is an opposing revolution that attempts to reverse a revolution. A person or group who opposes a revolution is declared counter-revolutionary. In Marxist theory, counterrevolutions are a reactionary force usually composed of bourgeois forces.
In the past, royalists have attempted counterrevolutions against bourgeois revolutions like the French Revolution. In recent times, the West has supported and instigated "color revolutions" in socialist states to expand their own interests.
List of counterrevolutions
Feudal
- Stuart Restoration (England, 1660)
- Bourbon Restoration (France, 1814–1815)
Bourgeois
- White movement (Russia, 1917–1923)
- Finnish White Terror (Finland, 1918)
- Hungarian White Terror (Hungary, 1919–1921)
- Hungarian counterrevolution (Hungary, 1956; failed)
- Prague Spring (Czechoslovakia, 1968; failed)
- Tian'anmen Square riots (China, 1989; failed)
- Velvet Counterrevolution (Czechoslovakia, 1989)
- Romanian Counterrevolution (Romania, 1989)
- Annexation of East Germany (Germany, 1990)
- Overthrow of the Soviet Union (Soviet Union, 1991)