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{{Infobox politician|name=Josip Broz Tito|native_name=Јосип Броз Тито|image_size=200|birth_date=7 May 1892|birth_place=Kumrovec, Croatia-Slavonia, [[Austro-Hungary]]|death_date=4 May 1980|death_place=Ljubljana, [[SR Slovenia|Slovenia]], [[SFR Yugoslavia]]|political_orientation=[[Market socialism]]<br>[[Titoism]]|political_party=[[League of Communists of Yugoslavia]]|image=Tito.jpg}} | {{Infobox politician|name=Josip Broz Tito|native_name=Јосип Броз Тито|image_size=200|birth_date=7 May 1892|birth_place=Kumrovec, Croatia-Slavonia, [[Austro-Hungary]]|death_date=4 May 1980|death_place=Ljubljana, [[SR Slovenia|Slovenia]], [[SFR Yugoslavia]]|political_orientation=[[Market socialism]]<br>[[Titoism]]|political_party=[[League of Communists of Yugoslavia]]|image=Tito.jpg}} | ||
'''Josip Broz Tito''' (7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician. He did not support the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] and instead founded the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].<ref name=":12">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Belgrade|page= | '''Josip Broz Tito''' (7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician. He did not support the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] and instead founded the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].<ref name=":12">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Belgrade|page=|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref> | ||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
== Second World War == | == Second World War == | ||
After the Spanish Civil War, Tito returned to Yugoslavia and fought a guerrilla war against the [[Fascism|fascists]]. In May 1945, he became the premier of the newly created Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.<ref name=":12" /> | After the Spanish Civil War, Tito returned to Yugoslavia and fought a guerrilla war against the [[Fascism|fascists]]. He survived all seven Enemy Offensives carried out against him and his army from 1941 to 1944. In May 1945, he became the premier of the newly created Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.<ref name=":12" /> | ||
== Cold War == | |||
Between 1945 to 1948, Tito maintained relations with [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] and the Soviet Union. However, conflict erupted between Tito and Stalin since Tito wanted [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992)|Yugoslavia]] to accept the [[Marshall Plan]] package which Stalin rejected,<ref>{{Citation|author=Lampe, John R.; et al.|year=1990|title=Yugoslav-American Economic Relations Since World War II|title-url=https://archive.org/details/yugoslavamerican00lamp|page=28–37|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=9780822310617}}</ref> as well as wanting to incorporate [[People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946–1990)|Bulgaria]] and [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1946–1992)|Albania]] into a Yugoslav federation.<ref>{{Citation|author=Perović|year=2007|title=The Tito–Stalin Split: A Reassessment in Light of New Evidence|page=43-44 and p. 52}}</ref> After the break in 1948, Tito began requesting for US aid,<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=The Espresso Stalinist|title=Yugoslav Revisionism|url=https://espressostalinist.com/marxism-leninism-versus-revisionism/titoism/}}</ref> and even supported [[Republic of Korea|South Korea]] in 1950.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Office of the Historian|title=The Ambassador in Yugoslavia (Allen) to the Secretary of State|date=1950-07-06|url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1950v07/d230}}</ref> | |||
In 1950, Tito introduced workers' self-management but also tolerated limited market influence. He also let Aleksandar Ranković continue the Serbian colonization effort in Kosovo.<ref>{{Web citation|title=Where is the Nationalism of Tito’s Group in Yugoslavia Leading To?|date=1948-12-08|url=https://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/archive/tito.htm}}</ref> Tito met with [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Gamal Nasser]] in [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992)|Yugoslavia]] in 1956 and scheduled NAM's founding conference for 1961.<ref name=":12" /> In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Tito tried to borrow from the IMF to expand the Yugoslav economy. When a recession began in the 1970s, the West banned all exports from Yugoslavia and forced Yugoslavia to restructure its economy by cutting social spending, freezing [[Wage|wages]], eliminating worker-controlled enterprises, and increasing [[unemployment]]. Economic growth dropped from 7% per year in the late 1960s to under 3% by the 1980s and was negative by 1990.<ref>{{Citation|author=Michael Parenti|year=2000|title=To Kill a Nation|title-url=https://en.prolewiki.org/wiki/Library:To_Kill_a_Nation|page=19-21}}</ref> | |||
== Death == | |||
Tito died on May 4th, 1980 in UMC Ljubljana from a gangrene-induced infection on his left leg. Tito's death is regarded as one of the main causes for the [[Yugoslav Wars|collapse of Yugoslavia]] a mere decade later. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
[[Category:Communist leaders]] | [[Category:Communist leaders]] | ||
Revision as of 09:14, 17 January 2025
Josip Broz Tito Јосип Броз Тито | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 7 May 1892 Kumrovec, Croatia-Slavonia, Austro-Hungary |
| Died | 4 May 1980 Ljubljana, Slovenia, SFR Yugoslavia |
| Political orientation | Market socialism Titoism |
| Political party | League of Communists of Yugoslavia |
Josip Broz Tito (7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician. He did not support the Soviet Union and instead founded the Non-Aligned Movement.[1]
Early life
Tito was a trade unionist and fought in the First World War, Russian Civil War (with the Red Army), and Spanish Civil War (with the Republican Dimitrov Battalion).[1]
Second World War
After the Spanish Civil War, Tito returned to Yugoslavia and fought a guerrilla war against the fascists. He survived all seven Enemy Offensives carried out against him and his army from 1941 to 1944. In May 1945, he became the premier of the newly created Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[1]
Cold War
Between 1945 to 1948, Tito maintained relations with Stalin and the Soviet Union. However, conflict erupted between Tito and Stalin since Tito wanted Yugoslavia to accept the Marshall Plan package which Stalin rejected,[2] as well as wanting to incorporate Bulgaria and Albania into a Yugoslav federation.[3] After the break in 1948, Tito began requesting for US aid,[4] and even supported South Korea in 1950.[5]
In 1950, Tito introduced workers' self-management but also tolerated limited market influence. He also let Aleksandar Ranković continue the Serbian colonization effort in Kosovo.[6] Tito met with Jawaharlal Nehru and Gamal Nasser in Yugoslavia in 1956 and scheduled NAM's founding conference for 1961.[1] In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Tito tried to borrow from the IMF to expand the Yugoslav economy. When a recession began in the 1970s, the West banned all exports from Yugoslavia and forced Yugoslavia to restructure its economy by cutting social spending, freezing wages, eliminating worker-controlled enterprises, and increasing unemployment. Economic growth dropped from 7% per year in the late 1960s to under 3% by the 1980s and was negative by 1990.[7]
Death
Tito died on May 4th, 1980 in UMC Ljubljana from a gangrene-induced infection on his left leg. Tito's death is regarded as one of the main causes for the collapse of Yugoslavia a mere decade later.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Vijay Prashad (2008). The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World: 'Belgrade'. [PDF] The New Press. ISBN 9781595583420 [LG]
- ↑ Lampe, John R.; et al. (1990). Yugoslav-American Economic Relations Since World War II (pp. 28–37). Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822310617
- ↑ Perović (2007). The Tito–Stalin Split: A Reassessment in Light of New Evidence (pp. 43-44 and p. 52).
- ↑ "Yugoslav Revisionism". The Espresso Stalinist.
- ↑ "The Ambassador in Yugoslavia (Allen) to the Secretary of State" (1950-07-06). Office of the Historian.
- ↑ "Where is the Nationalism of Tito’s Group in Yugoslavia Leading To?" (1948-12-08).
- ↑ Michael Parenti (2000). To Kill a Nation (pp. 19-21).