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|caption=''Nihon Kyōsantō'' | |caption=''Nihon Kyōsantō'' | ||
|abbreviation=JCP | |abbreviation=JCP | ||
|chairperson=Tomoko Tamura|general_secretary=Akira Koike|headquarters=4-26-7 Sendagaya, Shibuya, 151-8586 Japan|newspaper=''[[Shimbun Akahata]]'' | |chairperson=Tomoko Tamura|general_secretary=Akira Koike|predecessor=[[Enlightened People's Communist Party]]|headquarters=4-26-7 Sendagaya, Shibuya, 151-8586 Japan|newspaper=''[[Shimbun Akahata]]'' | ||
|youth_wing=Democratic Youth League of Japan|membership_year=2022 | |youth_wing=Democratic Youth League of Japan|membership_year=2022 | ||
|membership=260,000<ref>{{Web citation|url=https://www.jcp.or.jp/english/what-jcp.html|title=A Profile of the Japanese Communist Party|date=November 1, 2022}}</ref> | |membership=260,000<ref>{{Web citation|url=https://www.jcp.or.jp/english/what-jcp.html|title=A Profile of the Japanese Communist Party|date=November 1, 2022}}</ref> | ||
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|seats2=11 seats out of 242 seats | |seats2=11 seats out of 242 seats | ||
|foundation={{birth date and age|1922|7|15}} | |foundation={{birth date and age|1922|7|15}} | ||
|legalized=September 2, 1945|banned=September 1929<ref>{{Web citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8IarAAAAIAAJ|title=The Japanese Communist Party 1922-1945|date=November 10, 2024}}</ref>|political_orientation=[[Marxism]] ( | |legalized=September 2, 1945|banned=September 1929<ref>{{Web citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8IarAAAAIAAJ|title=The Japanese Communist Party 1922-1945|date=November 10, 2024}}</ref>|political_orientation=[[Marxism]] (de jure)<br />[[Social democracy]] (de facto)<br />[[Chauvinism]]<br />[[Reformism]]<br />'''Historical:'''<br />[[Marxism-Leninism]] | ||
|international=[[International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties|IMCWP]]}} | |international=[[International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties|IMCWP]] (non-participant)}} | ||
{{Communist Parties}} | {{Communist Parties}} | ||
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=== Founding === | === Founding === | ||
The Japanese Communist Party was founded in 1922 and was soon outlawed by the imperial government's Peace Preservation Law.<ref name=":0" /> [[Fukumoto Kazuo]] advocated for "unity in separation" and ideological purity, which the [[Communist International (1919–1943)|Comintern]] denounced as [[Ultra-leftism|ultra-left]] in 1927. The 1927 Comintern Theses argued that [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japan]] still needed a [[bourgeois-democratic revolution]] against the emperor and [[Landlord|landlordism]].<ref name=":1">{{Web citation|author=Gavin Walker|newspaper=[[MR Online]]|title=Marxist theory in Japan: A critical overview|date=2024-04-06|url=https://mronline.org/2024/04/06/marxist-theory-in-japan-a-critical-overview/|retrieved=2024-04-07}}</ref> | The Japanese Communist Party was founded in 1922 by multiple members of the party's indirect predecessor, the Enlightened People's Communist Party, and was soon outlawed by the imperial government's Peace Preservation Law.<ref name=":0" /> [[Fukumoto Kazuo]] advocated for "unity in separation" and ideological purity, which the [[Communist International (1919–1943)|Comintern]] denounced as [[Ultra-leftism|ultra-left]] in 1927. The 1927 Comintern Theses argued that [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japan]] still needed a [[bourgeois-democratic revolution]] against the emperor and [[Landlord|landlordism]].<ref name=":1">{{Web citation|author=Gavin Walker|newspaper=[[MR Online]]|title=Marxist theory in Japan: A critical overview|date=2024-04-06|url=https://mronline.org/2024/04/06/marxist-theory-in-japan-a-critical-overview/|retrieved=2024-04-07}}</ref> | ||
=== Fascist period === | === Fascist period === | ||
| Line 42: | Line 42: | ||
=== Party positions === | === Party positions === | ||
* | * The Japanese Communist Party has displayed chauvinistic tendencies in terms of being against Russian control of the lower Kuril Islands, which were annexed by the Soviet Union following the Soviet-Japanese War. It views claims as illegitimate, and would come out with a statement in 2001 which would claim that Japan has historical rights to the entirety of the island chain, claiming that they were "historically part of Japan," completely ignoring the fact that the island chain is home to the Ainu ethnic group along with the eventually colonized island of Yanumosir, which would eventually become to be known as Hokkaido.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Japanese Communist Party|newspaper=Japanese Communist Party|title=森・プーチン会談と「イルクーツク声明」は何を示したか (What did the Mori-Putin meeting and the "Irkutsk Statement" show?)|date=2001-04-13|url=https://www.jcp.or.jp/web_policy/2001/04/post-296.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226034617/https://www.jcp.or.jp/web_policy/2001/04/post-296.html|archive-date=2024-12-26|retrieved=2025-03-19}}</ref> | ||
* Although the Japanese Communist Party supports the establishment of a republic, it maintains a neutral stance on the future of the Chrysanthemum Throne. Kazuo Shii, the former chairperson, remarked that the imperial system is enshrined in the Constitution, and any decision about its continuation or abolition should be made by the people's majority will when the time comes.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Japanese Communist Party|newspaper=Japan Press Weekly|title=Shii answers reporters’ questions on JCP decision to attend opening ceremony of the Diet|date=2015-12-25|url=https://www.japan-press.co.jp/modules/news/index.php?id=8847|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201233119/https://www.japan-press.co.jp/modules/news/index.php?id=8847|archive-date=2024-12-01|retrieved=2025-03-17|quote=As to the course of development of Japanese society, the JCP Program states: The JCP maintains that the present hereditary system allowing an individual to be the symbol of “the unity of the people” contradicts democracy and the principle that all people are equal, and that the consistent implementation of the principle of popular sovereignty calls for a political system to be established under a democratic republic. The Emperor system is a system provided for by the Constitution, and its continuation or discontinuation should be decided by the will of the majority of the people in future, when the time is ripe to do so.}}</ref> | |||
* The Japanese Communist Party is an advocate for further LGBTQ+ rights, advocating for the legalization of same-sex marriage within Japan alongside supporting protection of transgender individuals within the country.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Japanese Communist Party|newspaper=Japan Press Weekly|title=JCP submits marriage equality bill to Upper House|date=2023-03-30|url=https://www.japan-press.co.jp/s/news/?id=14588|archive-url=|archive-date=2025-03-17|retrieved=2025-03-17}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|author=Japanese Communist Party|newspaper=Japan Press Weekly|title=JCP works toward a society where transgender individuals and women can live with peace of mind|date=2023-12-26|url=https://www.japan-press.co.jp/modules/news/index.php?id=15020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613040028/https://www.japan-press.co.jp/modules/news/index.php?id=15020|archive-date=2024-06-13|retrieved=2025-03-17}}</ref> | * The Japanese Communist Party is an advocate for further LGBTQ+ rights, advocating for the legalization of same-sex marriage within Japan alongside supporting protection of transgender individuals within the country.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Japanese Communist Party|newspaper=Japan Press Weekly|title=JCP submits marriage equality bill to Upper House|date=2023-03-30|url=https://www.japan-press.co.jp/s/news/?id=14588|archive-url=|archive-date=2025-03-17|retrieved=2025-03-17}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|author=Japanese Communist Party|newspaper=Japan Press Weekly|title=JCP works toward a society where transgender individuals and women can live with peace of mind|date=2023-12-26|url=https://www.japan-press.co.jp/modules/news/index.php?id=15020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613040028/https://www.japan-press.co.jp/modules/news/index.php?id=15020|archive-date=2024-06-13|retrieved=2025-03-17}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 19:26, 19 March 2025
Japanese Communist Party 日本共産党
| |
|---|---|
 Nihon Kyōsantō | |
| Abbreviation | JCP |
| Chairperson | Tomoko Tamura |
| General Secretary | Akira Koike |
| Founded | July 15, 1922 |
| Legalized | September 2, 1945 |
| Banned | September 1929[1] |
| Preceded by | Enlightened People's Communist Party |
| Headquarters | 4-26-7 Sendagaya, Shibuya, 151-8586 Japan |
| Newspaper | Shimbun Akahata |
| Youth wing | Democratic Youth League of Japan |
| Membership (2022) | 260,000[2] |
| Political orientation | Marxism (de jure) Social democracy (de facto) Chauvinism Reformism Historical: Marxism-Leninism |
| International affiliation | IMCWP (non-participant) |
| Colours | Red |
| Slogan | "The people are the protagonists." |
| House of Representatives | 10 seats out of 465 seats |
| House of Councilors | 11 seats out of 242 seats |
| Website | |
| jcp.or.jp | |
 Twitter | @jcp_cc |
 YouTube channel | https://www.youtube.com/@jcpmovie |
 Facebook | https://www.facebook.com/kyosanto/ |
 Instagram | @nihonkyosanto |
| Part of a series on |
| Communist parties |
|---|
The Japanese Communist Party[a] (JCP) is a self-proclaimed communist party in Japan that was founded in 1922. Despite its claims of being a communist party, its policies are more oriented towards achieving social democracy, and a lot of policies within the party could be considered similar to the Eurocommunist movement. It is one of the largest non-governing political parties in the world which considers itself communist.
On October 13th 2022, the JCP opposed Russia in the Ukraine proxy war.[3]
History
Founding
The Japanese Communist Party was founded in 1922 by multiple members of the party's indirect predecessor, the Enlightened People's Communist Party, and was soon outlawed by the imperial government's Peace Preservation Law.[4] Fukumoto Kazuo advocated for "unity in separation" and ideological purity, which the Comintern denounced as ultra-left in 1927. The 1927 Comintern Theses argued that Japan still needed a bourgeois-democratic revolution against the emperor and landlordism.[5]
Fascist period
By the 1930s, two factions had emerged: the smaller Rōnō faction that defined the 1868 Meiji Restoration as a full bourgeois-democratic revolution and the larger Kōza faction that defined it as an incomplete bourgeois revolution.[5] In 1932 in Moscow, Nosaka Sanzō, the party's representative to the Comintern, wrote the 1932 Thesis,[4] aligning with the Kōza position. Party leader Noro Eitarō completed the Lectures on the History of Development of Japanese Capitalism in 1932, aligning with the 1932 Thesis, and died in prison in 1934.[5]
During the Second World War, Nosaka fled to China and joined the Chinese Red Army to fight against the Empire of Japan. He founded the Japanese People's Emancipation League, which attracted Japanese deserters and POWs to fight for socialism.[4]
Postwar period
Tokuda Kyūichi, who had spent 18 years in prison under the Peace Preservation Law, became leader of the party after the war. In 1946, Douglas MacArthur began the Red Purges against the party due to its popular support. The party went underground and called for armed national liberation struggle against the USA. The party incorrectly focused on the countryside and attempted to start a protracted people's war led by the peasantry.[5]
The JCP's Sixth Congress in 1955 rejected armed struggle and considered the return to the villages to be ultra-left adventurism. Due to its reformist deviations, it failed to lead the 1960 Anpo protests against the USA-Japan Joint Security Treaty.[5]
Positions
Party positions
- The Japanese Communist Party has displayed chauvinistic tendencies in terms of being against Russian control of the lower Kuril Islands, which were annexed by the Soviet Union following the Soviet-Japanese War. It views claims as illegitimate, and would come out with a statement in 2001 which would claim that Japan has historical rights to the entirety of the island chain, claiming that they were "historically part of Japan," completely ignoring the fact that the island chain is home to the Ainu ethnic group along with the eventually colonized island of Yanumosir, which would eventually become to be known as Hokkaido.[6]
- Although the Japanese Communist Party supports the establishment of a republic, it maintains a neutral stance on the future of the Chrysanthemum Throne. Kazuo Shii, the former chairperson, remarked that the imperial system is enshrined in the Constitution, and any decision about its continuation or abolition should be made by the people's majority will when the time comes.[7]
- The Japanese Communist Party is an advocate for further LGBTQ+ rights, advocating for the legalization of same-sex marriage within Japan alongside supporting protection of transgender individuals within the country.[8][9]
International relations
The JCP, in comparison to other self-proclaimed communist parties, is very critical of AES countries, even going to say that the Communist Party of China does not deserve to call itself communist.[10]
It also currently maintains a position of maintaining support for the two-state solution concerning the 2023 Israel-Gaza war and genocide, calling for an end to the genocide in Gaza while advocating for the existence of the Zionist Entity.[11]
References
- ↑ "The Japanese Communist Party 1922-1945" (November 10, 2024).
- ↑ "A Profile of the Japanese Communist Party" (November 1, 2022).
- ↑ Japanese Communist Party Executive Committee Chair Shii Kazuo (2022-10-13). "Responding to the UNGA resolution, Russia should stop its unlawful aggression and annexation, and immediately withdraw all of its military force. The JCP calls for maximum diplomatic efforts for a peaceful political resolution"
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Comrade Saoirse. "The Japanese Communist Party during World War II" Retrieved 2022-05-15.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Gavin Walker (2024-04-06). "Marxist theory in Japan: A critical overview" MR Online. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
- ↑ Japanese Communist Party (2001-04-13). "森・プーチン会談と「イルクーツク声明」は何を示したか (What did the Mori-Putin meeting and the "Irkutsk Statement" show?)" Japanese Communist Party. Archived from the original on 2024-12-26. Retrieved 2025-03-19.
- ↑ “As to the course of development of Japanese society, the JCP Program states: The JCP maintains that the present hereditary system allowing an individual to be the symbol of “the unity of the people” contradicts democracy and the principle that all people are equal, and that the consistent implementation of the principle of popular sovereignty calls for a political system to be established under a democratic republic. The Emperor system is a system provided for by the Constitution, and its continuation or discontinuation should be decided by the will of the majority of the people in future, when the time is ripe to do so.”
Japanese Communist Party (2015-12-25). "Shii answers reporters’ questions on JCP decision to attend opening ceremony of the Diet" Japan Press Weekly. Archived from the original on 2024-12-01. Retrieved 2025-03-17. - ↑ Japanese Communist Party (2023-03-30). "JCP submits marriage equality bill to Upper House" Japan Press Weekly. Retrieved 2025-03-17.
- ↑ Japanese Communist Party (2023-12-26). "JCP works toward a society where transgender individuals and women can live with peace of mind" Japan Press Weekly. Archived from the original on 2024-06-13. Retrieved 2025-03-17.
- ↑ ““The Chinese leadership’s mistake is extremely serious. That action does not deserve the name of the Communist Party,” party chief Kazuo Shii said at its convention, held for the first time in three years, referring to Beijing’s expansionary activities in the East and South China seas.”
"Japanese Communist Party slams China in first platform change since 2004" (2020-01-18). The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 19 February, 2020. Retrieved 10 November, 2024. - ↑ Kazuo Shii (2023-11-06). "JCP calls on governments concerned to work to stop genocide in Gaza" Japanese Communist Party. Archived from the original on 2023-12-07. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
Notes
- ↑ Japanese: 日本共産党