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The '''Pope''' is the head of the [[Catholicism|Catholic Church]], the Bishop of [[Rome]] and head of state for the [[Vatican City State]]. Throughout history, Popes have used their position for the advancement of [[Europe|European]] [[imperialism]] and the promotion of [[:Category:Bigotry|bigotry]].
The '''Pope''' is the head of the [[Catholicism|Catholic Church]], the Bishop of [[Rome]] and head of state for the [[Vatican City State]]. Throughout history, Popes have used their position for the advancement of [[Europe|European]] [[imperialism]] and the promotion of [[:Category:Bigotry|bigotry]].
According to Catholic doctrine, the pope is the successor of [[Shimon Bar Yonah|Peter]], the apostle of [[Jesus]], and therefore the representative of Jesus Christ on earth.<ref name="CatholicismGSE">{{Citation|author=S. D. Skazkin and M. P. Mchedlov|year=1973|chapter=Catholicism|chapter-url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Catholicism|title=[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]] (3rd ed.)|volume=11|page=533-535|city=Moscow|pdf=https://ia804601.us.archive.org/2/items/B-001-032-507-748-ALL/БСЭ_3изд_т11_738.pdf|trans-title=Boljšaja sovjetskaja enciklopjedija|trans-lang=Russian}}</ref> Catholics claim that the pope is infalliable when speaking ''ex cathedra'', i.e. when declaring matters of faith.<ref name="CatholicismGSE" /> These doctrines were formuated in the middle ages, with Pope [[Gregory VII di Soana|Gregory VII]] establishing papal infalliability in the 11th century, and Pope [[Innocent III di Segni|Innocent III]] formulating his supremacy over the rest of the Catholic Church in the 13th century.<ref name="CatholicismGSE" /> The pope is elected by the College of Cardinals, a council of special bishops appointed by the pope himself.<ref name="VaticanGSE">{{Citation|year=1971|chapter=Vatican|chapter-url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Vatican|title=[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]] (3rd ed.)|volume=4|page=332-334|city=Moscow|pdf=https://ia804601.us.archive.org/2/items/B-001-032-507-748-ALL/БСЭ_3изд_т04_581.pdf|trans-title=Boljšaja sovjetskaja enciklopjedija|trans-lang=Russian}}</ref>
==List of popes==
===1st millennium===
====1st century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|Peter
|[[Shimon Bar Yonah]]
|c. 30 – c. 64
|
|-
|Linus
|[[Linos Romes]]
|c. 64 – c. 76
|
|-
|Anacletus
|[[Anakletos Romes]]
|c. 76 – c. 88
|
|-
|Clement I
|[[Klemes Romes]]
|c. 88 – c. 97
|
|-
|Evaristus
|[[Evaristos Bar Yehudah]]
|c. 97 – c. 105
|
|}
====2nd century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
|
|
|
|}
====3rd century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
|
|
|
|}
====4th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
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|
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|}
====5th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
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|}
====6th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
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|}
====7th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
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|}
====8th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
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|}
====9th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
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|}
====10th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
|
|
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|}
===2nd millennium===
====11th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
|
|
|
|}
====12th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
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|}
====13th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
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|}
====14th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
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|}
====15th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
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|}
====16th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
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|}
====17th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
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|}
====18th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|
|
|
|
|}
====19th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|[[Leo XII della Genga|Leo XII]]
|Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga
|28 September 1823 – 10 February 1829
|
|-
|[[Pius VIII Castiglioni|Pius VIII]]
|Francesco Saverio Maria Felice Castiglioni
|31 March 1829 – 30 November 1830
|
|-
|[[Gregory XVI Cappellari|Gregory XVI]]
|Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari
|2 February 1831 – 1 June 1846
|
|-
|[[Pius IX Mastai-Ferretti|Pius IX]]
|Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti
|16 June 1846 – 7 February 1878
|
|-
|[[Leo XIII Pecci|Leo XIII]]
|Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci
|20 February 1878 – 20 July 1903
|
|}
====20th century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|[[Pius X Sarto|Pius X]]
|Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto
|4 August 1903 – 20 August 1914
|
|-
|[[Benedict XV della Chiesa|Benedict XV]]
|Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa
|3 September 1914 – 22 January 1922
|
|-
|[[Pius XI Ratti|Pius XI]]
|Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti
|6 February 1922 – 10 February 1939
|Became the first leader of the [[Vatican City State]] when it was created in 1929.<ref name="VaticanGSE" />
|-
|[[Pius XII Pacelli|Pius XI]]
|Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli
|2 March 1939 – 9 October 1958
|
|-
|[[John XXIII Roncalli|John XXIII]]
|Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli
|28 October 1958 – 3 June 1963
|
|-
|[[Paul VI Montini|Paul VI]]
|Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini
|21 June 1963 – 6 August 1978
|
|-
|[[John Paul I Luciani|John Paul I]]
|Albino Luciani
|26 August 1978 – 28 September 1978
|
|-
|[[John Paul II Wojtyła|John Paul II]]
|Karol Józef Wojtyła
|16 October 1978 – 2 April 2005
|
|}
===3rd millennium===
====21st century====
{| class="wikitable"
! Papal name !! Personal name !! Pontificate !! Notes
|-
|[[Benedict XVI Ratzinger|Benedict XVI]]
|Joseph Alois Ratzinger
|19 April 2005 – 28 February 2013
|
|-
|[[Francis I Bergoglio|Francis]]
|Jorge Mario Bergoglio
|13 March 2013 – 21 April 2025
|
|-
|[[Leo XIV Prevost|Leo XIV]]
|Robert Francis Prevost
|8 May 2025 – present
|
|}
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Catholic Popes]]
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Christianity]]

Revision as of 20:06, 3 August 2025

This article is a stub. You can help improve this article by editing it.

The Pope is the head of the Catholic Church, the Bishop of Rome and head of state for the Vatican City State. Throughout history, Popes have used their position for the advancement of European imperialism and the promotion of bigotry.

According to Catholic doctrine, the pope is the successor of Peter, the apostle of Jesus, and therefore the representative of Jesus Christ on earth.[1] Catholics claim that the pope is infalliable when speaking ex cathedra, i.e. when declaring matters of faith.[1] These doctrines were formuated in the middle ages, with Pope Gregory VII establishing papal infalliability in the 11th century, and Pope Innocent III formulating his supremacy over the rest of the Catholic Church in the 13th century.[1] The pope is elected by the College of Cardinals, a council of special bishops appointed by the pope himself.[2]

List of popes

1st millennium

1st century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes
Peter Shimon Bar Yonah c. 30 – c. 64
Linus Linos Romes c. 64 – c. 76
Anacletus Anakletos Romes c. 76 – c. 88
Clement I Klemes Romes c. 88 – c. 97
Evaristus Evaristos Bar Yehudah c. 97 – c. 105

2nd century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

3rd century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

4th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

5th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

6th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

7th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

8th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

9th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

10th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

2nd millennium

11th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

12th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

13th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

14th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

15th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

16th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

17th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

18th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes

19th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes
Leo XII Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga 28 September 1823 – 10 February 1829
Pius VIII Francesco Saverio Maria Felice Castiglioni 31 March 1829 – 30 November 1830
Gregory XVI Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari 2 February 1831 – 1 June 1846
Pius IX Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti 16 June 1846 – 7 February 1878
Leo XIII Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci 20 February 1878 – 20 July 1903

20th century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes
Pius X Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto 4 August 1903 – 20 August 1914
Benedict XV Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa 3 September 1914 – 22 January 1922
Pius XI Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti 6 February 1922 – 10 February 1939 Became the first leader of the Vatican City State when it was created in 1929.[2]
Pius XI Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli 2 March 1939 – 9 October 1958
John XXIII Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli 28 October 1958 – 3 June 1963
Paul VI Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini 21 June 1963 – 6 August 1978
John Paul I Albino Luciani 26 August 1978 – 28 September 1978
John Paul II Karol Józef Wojtyła 16 October 1978 – 2 April 2005

3rd millennium

21st century

Papal name Personal name Pontificate Notes
Benedict XVI Joseph Alois Ratzinger 19 April 2005 – 28 February 2013
Francis Jorge Mario Bergoglio 13 March 2013 – 21 April 2025
Leo XIV Robert Francis Prevost 8 May 2025 – present

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 S. D. Skazkin and M. P. Mchedlov (1973). Great Soviet Encyclopedia (3rd ed.), vol. 11: 'Catholicism' (Russian: Boljšaja sovjetskaja enciklopjedija). [PDF] Moscow.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Great Soviet Encyclopedia (3rd ed.), vol. 4: 'Vatican' (1971) (Russian: Boljšaja sovjetskaja enciklopjedija). [PDF] Moscow.
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