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{{Infobox philosopher|name=Henri de Saint-Simon|image=Henri de Saint-Simon.png|image_size=200|birth_date=17 October 1760|death_date=19 May 1825 (aged 64)|birth_place=Paris, [[Kingdom of France (987–1792)|France]]|death_place=Paris, [[Kingdom of France (1815–1830)|France]]|nationality=French|school_tradition=[[Dialectical]] [[idealism]]<br>[[Utopian socialism]]}} | {{Infobox philosopher|name=Henri de Saint-Simon|image=Henri de Saint-Simon.png|image_size=200|birth_date=17 October 1760|death_date=19 May 1825 (aged 64)|birth_place=Paris, [[Kingdom of France (987–1792)|France]]|death_place=Paris, [[Kingdom of France (1815–1830)|France]]|nationality=French|school_tradition=[[Dialectical]] [[idealism]]<br>[[Utopian socialism]]}} | ||
'''Claude Henri de Saint-Simon''' (17 October 1760 – 19 May 1825) was a French [[Utopian socialism|utopian socialist]] and political theorist. He defined the [[French Revolution]] as a [[Class warfare|class war]] between the [[nobility]], [[bourgeoisie]], and propertyless classes. He also defined a distinction between [[Ruling class|idlers]] and workers, which included [[Proletariat|proletarians]], bankers, manufacturers, and merchants. As [[capitalism]] was only beginning to develop, | '''Claude Henri de Saint-Simon''' (17 October 1760 – 19 May 1825) was a French [[Utopian socialism|utopian socialist]] and political theorist. He defined the [[French Revolution]] as a [[Class warfare|class war]] between the [[nobility]], [[bourgeoisie]], and propertyless classes.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=[[Friedrich Engels]]|year=1880|title=Socialism: Utopian and Scientific|title-url=|chapter=The Development of Utopian Socialism|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/ch01.htm|publisher=Progress Publishers|mia=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/index.htm}}</ref> He also defined a distinction between [[Ruling class|idlers]] and workers (''industriels''), which included [[Proletariat|proletarians]], bankers, manufacturers, and merchants, effectively merging the proletariat and bourgeoisie under one umbrella.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|author=N. E. Zastenker|year=1976|chapter=Saint-Simon, Comte de|chapter-url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Saint-Simon,+Comte+de|title=[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]] (3rd ed.)|volume=23|page=262-263|city=Moscow|pdf=https://ia804601.us.archive.org/2/items/B-001-032-507-748-ALL/БСЭ_3изд_т23_587.pdf|trans-title=Boljšaja sovjetskaja enciklopjedija|trans-lang=Russian}}</ref> As [[capitalism]] was only beginning to develop at this time, Saint-Simon predicted that the bourgeoisie would only hold limited power as public officials or social trustees,<ref name=":0" /> and he genuinely wanted to end the exploitation of the proletariat.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
During the [[French Revolution]], Saint-Simon initially sided with the [[Jacobins]] and adopted a bourgeois [[liberal]] point of view. But when he was dissatisfied with the bourgeois revolution's results, he developed a [[Science|scientific]], mechanistic analysis of societal progress known as "social physiology."<ref name=":1" /> But his material analysis was limited by his [[Idealism|idealist]] worldview, which led him wanting to overcome class conflict through [[Religion|religious]] morality.<ref name=":1" /> In 1814, he called for the "superior" European [[race]] to [[Colonialism|colonise]] the rest of the world.<ref>{{Citation|author=Henri de Saint-Simon|year=1868 [1814]|chapter=De la réorganization de la société européenne|chapter-url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5664b/f216.item|title=Œuvres complètes|title-url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5664b|volume=1|page=204|city=Paris|publisher=Slatkine reprints|quote=Peupler le globe de la race européenne, qui est supérieure à toutes les autres races d'hommes; le rendre voyageable et habitable comme l'Europe, voilà l'entreprise par laquelle le parlement européen devra continuelle-ment exercer l'activité de l'Europe, et la tenir toujours en haleine.}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|author=Richard Swedberg|year=May 1992|title=Saint-Simon's vision of a united Europe|publisher=European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie, 35(1), 145–169|doi=10.1017/S0003975600006809|quote=Saint-Simon also advocated that the European Confederation tried to colonize the rest of the world: 'To colonize the world with the European race, which is superior to every other race: to make the world accessible and habitable like Europe—such is the sort of enterprise by which the European Parliament should continually keep Europe active and happy.'}}</ref> In 1815, at the time of [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleon]]'s defeat, Saint-Simon called for an alliance of France, [[Germany]], and [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|England]] to guarantee the prosperous development of Europe.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
[[Category:French philosophers]] | |||
[[Category:Political theorists]] | [[Category:Political theorists]] | ||
[[Category:Utopian socialists]] | [[Category:Utopian socialists]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:22, 2 October 2025
Henri de Saint-Simon | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 17 October 1760 Paris, France |
| Died | 19 May 1825 (aged 64) Paris, France |
| School tradition | Dialectical idealism Utopian socialism |
| Nationality | French |
Claude Henri de Saint-Simon (17 October 1760 – 19 May 1825) was a French utopian socialist and political theorist. He defined the French Revolution as a class war between the nobility, bourgeoisie, and propertyless classes.[1] He also defined a distinction between idlers and workers (industriels), which included proletarians, bankers, manufacturers, and merchants, effectively merging the proletariat and bourgeoisie under one umbrella.[2] As capitalism was only beginning to develop at this time, Saint-Simon predicted that the bourgeoisie would only hold limited power as public officials or social trustees,[1] and he genuinely wanted to end the exploitation of the proletariat.[2]
During the French Revolution, Saint-Simon initially sided with the Jacobins and adopted a bourgeois liberal point of view. But when he was dissatisfied with the bourgeois revolution's results, he developed a scientific, mechanistic analysis of societal progress known as "social physiology."[2] But his material analysis was limited by his idealist worldview, which led him wanting to overcome class conflict through religious morality.[2] In 1814, he called for the "superior" European race to colonise the rest of the world.[3][4] In 1815, at the time of Napoleon's defeat, Saint-Simon called for an alliance of France, Germany, and England to guarantee the prosperous development of Europe.[1]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Friedrich Engels (1880). Socialism: Utopian and Scientific: 'The Development of Utopian Socialism'. Progress Publishers. [MIA]
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 N. E. Zastenker (1976). Great Soviet Encyclopedia (3rd ed.), vol. 23: 'Saint-Simon, Comte de' (Russian: Boljšaja sovjetskaja enciklopjedija). [PDF] Moscow.
- ↑ “Peupler le globe de la race européenne, qui est supérieure à toutes les autres races d'hommes; le rendre voyageable et habitable comme l'Europe, voilà l'entreprise par laquelle le parlement européen devra continuelle-ment exercer l'activité de l'Europe, et la tenir toujours en haleine.”
Henri de Saint-Simon (1868 [1814]). Œuvres complètes, vol. 1: 'De la réorganization de la société européenne'. Paris: Slatkine reprints. - ↑ “Saint-Simon also advocated that the European Confederation tried to colonize the rest of the world: 'To colonize the world with the European race, which is superior to every other race: to make the world accessible and habitable like Europe—such is the sort of enterprise by which the European Parliament should continually keep Europe active and happy.'”
Richard Swedberg (May 1992). Saint-Simon's vision of a united Europe. European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie, 35(1), 145–169. doi: 10.1017/S0003975600006809 [HUB]