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| Judah 𐤉𐤄𐤃 | |
|---|---|
| c. 931 BCE–587 BCE | |
 Location of Judah and other nearby kingdoms | |
| Capital | Jerusalem |
| Common languages | Biblical Hebrew |
| Dominant mode of production | Slavery |
| Government | Monarchy |
| History | |
• Established | c. 931 BCE |
• Dissolution | 587 BCE |
Judah was an Iron Age kingdom located in southern Palestine.[1]
History
In 608 BCE, the Egyptian pharaoh Nekau II went to war with Judah and killed its king Yōʾšīyyāhū at the Battle of Megiddo. In 605 BCE, the Babylonians crossed the Euphrates and destroyed the city of Karkemish, which contained an Egyptian garrison and its Greek mercenaries. After defeating Egypt, the Babylonians took over Judah.[1]
In 598 BCE, Yəhōyāqīm of Judah ended his alliance with Babylon at the request of Nekau. In response, Nabûkudurriuṣur besieged Jerusalem and captured it in early 597 BCE. He installed Ṣīḏqīyyāhū as the new king. In late 595 and early 594 BCE, a rebellion broke out in the army. The king oversaw a military tribunal that sentenced the leading conspirator to death. The pharaoh Wahibra seized the cities of Gaza, Ṣīdūn, Ṣūr and backed a Judean rebellion against Babylon in an attempt to take control of Phoenicia. In 587 BCE, the Babylonians recaptured Jerusalem after an 18-month siege and annexed Judah. They exiled King Ṣīḏqīyyāhū and thousands of his nobles and craftsmen to other parts of the empire.[1]